• 제목/요약/키워드: rice-wheat bread

검색결과 64건 처리시간 0.028초

분말화한 홍국 Sourdough를 첨가한 Sourdough Bread의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Sourdough Breads Added with Red Koji Rice Sourdough Powder)

  • 이재훈;곽은정;이영순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.333-341
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 홍국의 첨가량을 달리하여 sourdough starter를 전통적 방법으로 제조하고, 발효시간과 홍국의 첨가량에 따른 sourdough starter의 이화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 또한 이를 분말화하고, 제빵에 사용하여 상업용 sourdough powder와 비교하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. Sourdough starter의 효소활성을 측정한 결과 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성은 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, ${\beta}$-amylase의 활성은 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. Sourdough bread 특유의 맛을 나타나게 하는 유기산은 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1보다 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4가 높게 나타났으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 상업용 sourdough 분말을 첨가한 VPB, 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1의 분말과 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4의 분말을 첨가한 SPB1${\sim}$4의 mixograph 측정 결과 peak time과 peak value는 SPB1과 SPB2는 밀가루만을 이용한 WWB와 가장 유사하였다. 반죽의 발효과정 동안 pH와 적정산도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 반죽이 가장 낮은 pH를 나타내었으며, 적정산도는 WWB가 가장 낮고, VPB와 SPB1${\sim}$4는 유사하게 나타났다. 제품의 비용적은 WWB, SPB1, SPB2 등이 높게 나타났으며, 굽기 손실도 비용적과 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 색도를 측정한 결과 VPB와 SPB군의 L값과 a값은 유사하였으며, WWB에 비하여 홍국 첨가량이 많은 sourdough powder를 사용한 bread일수록 L값은 감소, a값은 증가하였다. Texture 측정 결과 VPB는 경도, 응집성, 탄력성, 점착성, 부서짐성 등의 모든 항목에서 높게 나타났으며, SPB1과 SPB2는 WWB와 유사하게 나타났다. 3일간 저장한 후 경도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 경도가 가장 높았으며, WWB, SPB $1{\sim}3$은 서로 유사한 값으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 탄력성 정도는 VPB가 가장 높게, 신맛의 정도와 이취의 정도는 WWB가 가장 낮게, 신맛의 정도는 SPB2, 이취의 정도는 SPB1이 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 VPB가 가장 낮으며, SPB2와 SPB3이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 sourdough starter의 제조 시 홍국을 10% 첨가하여 제조하고 분말화하여 bread에 적용할 때 상업용 sourdough powder를 첨가한 bread와 일반적인 이스트 bread보다 품질이 우수한 제품을 얻을 수 있었다.

대구지역 주부들의 쌀 가공식품 이용실태조사 (A survey on the rice-based processed food consumption of the housewives at Daegu)

  • 조진휘;고봉경
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.300-307
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    • 2003
  • This research investigated the consumption of various rice-based processed foods of 279 housewives in Daegu. 70% of the housewives that responded to the question graduated from a high school or college, was 30∼40 years old and full-time housewives. The main places for purchasing the rice-based processed foods were large size discount store and supermarkets, as other industrial products and the family′s preference was the most critical factors in choosing the products. The fact that the main reason of purchasing the rice breads and cookies, instead of wheat, was "They may be good for health” indicated many housewives have a positive perception of rice-based foods. Among the rice-based processed foods, the using frequency of rice cake (dduk) was the highest, with rice cookies and rice drinks being the next most frequent. However, the frequencies of cooked rice (bob) and rice flour were very low. An analysis of the correlation for the using frequency of 15 rice-based processed foods showed that the use of rice cookies and breads, instead of wheat, was highly correlated to another 13 foods. The critical reasons why they do not consume cooked rice and rice flour were uncertainty of the purity of the rice and the addition of preservatives, and that with rice bread and noodles there was no information available about the products, and hey have a poor taste. The most common reasons of using cooked rice were no time to cook and simple curiosity about the products. However, the consumers were suspicious of containers, which were a potential cause of environmental hormones, and the high price of the products. Packed rice flour was mainly used as an ingredient to give the viscosity to a product. The advantages of using rice flour were that it was available to control the amount of buying and the convenience to buy. However, it was pointed out that the taste of products containing packed rice flour were poorer than that of rice flour ground at a mill.

Physicochemical characteristics of rice variety for dry-milled flour

  • Yoon, Mi-Ra;Kwak, Jieun;Lee, Jeom-Sig;Won, Yong-Jae;Kim, Mi-Jung;Choi, Induck;Jeon, Yong-Hee;Kim, Sun Lim
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.294-294
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    • 2017
  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main agricultural crops in Asian countries, including Korea, and is considered as the most important staple food in the world. Rice is also processed into flour, which is consumed through various foods such as cake, noodle, bread, and confectionary. Rice flour quality is highly dependent on variety and milling conditions. Producing rice flour with fine particles is more difficult than wheat flour because of its grain hardness. The Korean rice varieties representing different amylose contents were selected for this study. The relationship between the morphological and starch characteristics of rice kernels and the appropriate varieties for producing good-quality, dry-milled rice flour were examined. The hardness of the rice kernels was determined by measuring the pressure at the grain breakage point. The damaged starch content of the rice flour was determined using a Megazyme starch damage assay kit. The particle-size distribution of the rice flour was measured as the volume-base distribution using a laser-diffraction particle size analyzer. The mean particle-size distribution of the dry-milled flour obtained was between $65.3{\sim}105.1{\mu}m$ among the rice varieties. The opaque, non-glutinous, Seolgaeng rice demonstrated a narrow peak at the fine size, whereas the entire particle-distribution range for other varieties was wide. Seolgaeng exhibited significantly lower damaged starch content of dry-milled flour than the other varieties (p < 0.05). Seolgaeng showed lowest in energy consumption on rice flour production with 200 mesh particle size. Accordingly, it is possible to produce dry-milled rice flour which is similar to wheat flour that would considerably reduce milling costs.

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빵과 면의 가공적성 증진을 위한 밀 저장단백질 Glu-1Dy10을 발현하는 마커프리 형질전환 벼 개발 (Development of Marker-free Transgenic Rice Expressing the Wheat Storage Protein, Glu-1Dy10, for Increasing Quality Processing of Bread and Noodles)

  • 박수권;신동진;황운하;허연재;김태헌;오세윤;조준현;한상익;이승식;남민희;박동수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.618-625
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    • 2014
  • 쌀가루는 많은 식품 가공에 이용된다. 그러나 밀가루 반죽이 빵과 면을 포함한 많은 식품 가공 제품에 적합한 반면에, 쌀로 만든 반죽은 신장성과 탄력성이 부족하다. 고분자 글루테닌 서브유닛(HMW-GS)은 밀의 가공 적성을 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 아그로박테리움(Agrobacterium) 동시 형질전환법을 이용하여 한국 밀 품종인 '조경'으로부터 HMW-GS를 암호화하는 밀 Glu-1Dy10 유전자를 발현하는 marker-free 형질전환 벼 식물체를 개발하였다. 오직 Glu-1Dy10 유전자와 HPTII (hygromycin phosphotransferase II) 저항성 유전자만을 포함하는 분리된 DNA 조각들로 구성된 두 가지 발현 카셋트(cassettes)를 독립적으로 아그로박테리움(Agrobacterium) EHA105 에 도입하였다. Glu-1Dy10 또는 HPTII를 함유하는 EHA105 를 각각 3:1 비율로 벼 캘러스에 접종하였다. 290개의 하이그로마이신(hygromycin) 저항성 $T_0$ 식물체 중에서 우리는 벼 게놈에 Glu-1Dy10과 HPTII 유전자가 모두 삽입된 29개의 형질전환 라인을 획득하였다. 우리는 Glu-1Dy10 유전자가 벼 게놈 내로 도입된 것을 Southern blot 분석을 통해 다시 확인하였다. 형질전환 벼 종자에서 Glu-1Dy10의 전사(Transcripts)와 단백질을 semi-quantitative RT-PCR과 Western blot 분석을 통해서 확인하였다. 최종적으로, 오직 Glu-1Dy10 유전자를 갖는 marker-free 식물체를 $T_1$ 세대에서 성공적으로 선발할 수 있었다.

결명자 식이섬유가 쌀 첨가 식빵의 제빵특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Fiber Purified from Cassia Tora on the Quality Characteristics of the Bread with Rice Flour)

  • 하태열;김수현;조일진;이현유
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.598-603
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 쌀 첨가 식빵 제조에 있어서 결명자에서 추출한 수용성 식이섬유가 제품의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 HPMC, xanthan gum과 비교 검토하였다. 제빵에 사용한 재료는 밀가루와 빵가루를 75:25로 혼합한 가루를 사용하였으며, 식빵의 제빵 특성과 색, 조직감 및 관능검사를 시행하였다. 그 결과 식빵의 부피는 결명자 식이섬유 첨가구가 가장 좋게 나타났으며, xanthan gum첨가구가 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 또한, L값에 있어서는 crust와 crumb 모두 xanthan gum첨가구가 가장 밝았으며, 결명자 식이섬유 첨가구가 가장 어두웠다. 그러나, 색상에 대한 관능검사 결과 유의차는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조직감 측정기를 이용하여 조직감을 측정한 결과 springiness와 cohesiveness에 있어서는 각 처리구간에 유의차가 없었으나, gummness, hardness, chewness는 결명자 식이섬유 첨가구가 가장 낮고, xanthan gum첨가구가 가장 높았다. 조직감에 대한 관능검사 결과 결명자 식이섬유첨가구가 가장 좋게 평가되었으며, 결명자 식이섬유 첨가구의 종합적인 기호도도 대조군에 비하여 유의차가 없었다. 결명자의 수용성 식이섬유는 쌀 첨가 식빵의 조직감 등 품질을 증진시킬 뿐 아니라 식이섬유 강화 측면에서도 좋은 소재인 것으로 나타났다.

홍국(Red Yeast Rice)을 이용한 Sourdough Bread의 품질특성 연구 (A Study on Quality Characteristics of Sourdough Breads with Addition of Red Yeast Rice)

  • 이재훈;곽은정;김지상;이광석;이영순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.785-793
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 홍국의 첨가량을 달리하여 sourdough starter를 전통적 방법으로 제조하고, 발효시간에 따른 sourdough starter의 이화학적 특성을 분석하고, sourdough bread의 texture 특성 및 관능검사를 실시하여 이의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍국, 강력분, 호밀분의 수분 함량은 6.15, 12.53, 8.56%로 나타났으며, 회분 함량은 0.15, 0.44, 1.64%로 나타났다. 조지방 함량은 0.97, 1.16, 2.49%로 나타났으며, 조단백질 함량은 7.30, 12.57, 11.18%로 나타났다. 탄수화물 함량은 85.42, 73.29, 76.14%로 나타났다. Sourdough starter의 pH는 모든 시료가 3일까지 저하되었으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다. 환원당과 총당의 경우 SD1은 3일, $SD2{\sim}4$는 1일까지 유의적으로 증가한 후 감소하였으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 젖산균의 균수는 모든 시료들이 0일에서 나타나지 않았고, 2일에서 최대를 나타냈다. 효모의 균수는 SD1이 4일의 발효시간 동안 나타나지 않았으며, $SD2{\sim}4$는 3일까지 증가하였다. Mixograph 측정 결과 peak time, peak value 및 width of tail은 CSB가 가장 높게 나타났으며, $SDB1{\sim}3$은 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다. 발효 팽창력은 $SDB1{\sim}3$이 CSB보다 크게 나타났으며, 반죽 직후부터 45분간의 발효팽창력은 SDB1, SDB2가 SDB3보다 크게 나타났다. 비용적과 굽기 손실률의 측정 결과 SDB1이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각각의 시료들은 비용적이 증가할 때 굽기 손실이 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 색도의 측정 결과 L값은 CSB가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. a값은 CSB가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. b값은 CSB가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 물성측정 결과 경도와 응집성은 각 시료들 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 탄력성과 부서짐성은 CSB가 가장 낮았으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 점착성은 SDB1이 가장 낮았으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 기공의 균일성은 SDB1이 가장 균일한 것으로 나타났으며, 색은 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 경도, 탄력성, 단맛 및 신맛 등은 홍국 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이취는 SDB1이 가장 적게 나는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적인 기호도는 SDB1이 가장 높았다. 따라서 홍국을 10% 첨가한 sourdough starter를 3일 동안 발효한 후 반죽에 첨가하여 sourdough bread를 제조할 때 품질이 가장 우수한 제품을 얻을 수 있었다.

전자레인지를 이용한 개량 증편의 제조 (Development of Modified Jeung-pyun Heated by Microwave Method)

  • 김혁일
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.878-885
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    • 1997
  • Effect of various ingredients and cooling methods on the quality of modified Jeung-pyun(traditional Korean steamed rice cake) were studied. Three different kinds of wheat flours(strong, medium, and weak) were studied to evaluate the volume and firmness of Jeung-pyun. Weak flour showed the maximum volume and good sensory results. The optimum ratio of ingredients was flour : water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju=100 : 20 : 20 : 50 for steaned Jeung-pyun. When three different cooking methods were compared, the maximum volume showed from convection oven method, but the crust color of Jeung-pyun was like bread. Steaming method showed higher volume than that of product heated by microwave method. The optimum formula ratio for the microwave method was flour ; water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju = 100 : 30 : 20 : 50, which required 10% higher added water content than that of steaming. When wheat flour was used instead of rice flour, the addition of 5% normal corn starch increased volume of both steamed and microwave cooked products. In the case of added modified starches to Jeung-pyn, 5% $\alpha$-waxy corn starch showed the highest volume in steaming method. When rice flour was used, the addition of 5%$\alpha$-waxy corn starch also showed highest volume f both steamed and microwave cooked products. The firmness of steamed wheat flour Jeung-pyun, containing 5%$\alpha$-corn starch was higher firmness than that of control and other added samples. Microwave cooked products showed two or three times higher firmness of steaming products. The use of wrap(uni-wrap) and stabilizer(METHOCEL) decreased the firmness of microwave cooked wheat flour Jeung-pyun to 200~300g compared with that of untreated Jeung-pyun.

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조리면(調理面)에서 본 조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 영접도감의궤(迎接都監儀軌)의 찬품(饌品)에 대한 고찰(考察) (A Study of Cookery of Meal in Youngjeob Dogam Euigwae of Choson Dynasty)

  • 김상보;이성우
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 1992
  • To analyze cookery of meal in reception dishes of Choson dynasty, studied historic book 'Youngjeob Dogam Euigwae' described feast dishes for Chinese envoy in Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Kinds of dishes served a meal generally were noodles(麵), bun stuffed with seasoned meat and vegetables(饅頭), steamed bread(床花), soup(湯), fried fish and meat(煎魚肉), dried fish and meat(切肉), minced raw meat(肉膾), slices of boiled meat(片肉), stew(蒸, 乾南), rice cake(餠), patterned savory cake(茶食), various fruits preserved in honey(正果), fried cake made of wheat flour, honey and oil(造果), fried glutinous rice cake(强精), rice gruel(粥), salted fish shrimp and etc, jerked meat(佐飯), meat fish and others broiled with seasoning(炙), cooked potherbs and potherbs(菜), pickled vegetables(沈菜), fruits(實果), soysauce mixed with vinegar and pinenut meal(醋醬), mustard(茶子), soybean sauce(民醬), honey(追淸), honey water(水正果, 正味子水) and etc.

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쌀 식미 및 가공적성에 관련된 이화학적 특성 (Physicochemical Characteristics and Varietal Improvement Related to Palatability of Cooked Rice or Suitability to Food Processing in Rice)

  • 최해춘
    • 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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    • pp.39-74
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    • 2001
  • The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadily continued during 1980s∼1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great, progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and qualify evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice caltivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice and the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio (in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was average to 2.63(in v/v basis). The major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the palatability of cooked rice were examined using japonica rice materials showing narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and torture of cooked rice. The glossiness or gross palatability score of cooked rice were closely associated with the peak. hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscogram with year difference. The high-quality rice variety “Ilpumbyeo” showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice through image of scanning electronic mcroscope. Gross sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high Probability of determination. The ${\alpha}$ -amylose-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were Ilpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tongil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, shelved the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogiadation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked rice. The softer gel consistency and lower amylose content in milled rice revealed the higher ratio of popped rice and larger bulk density of popping. The stronger hardness of rice grain showed relatively higher ratio of popping and the more chalky or less translucent rice exhibited the lower ratio of intact popped brown rice. The potassium and magnesium contents of milled rice were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour in half and the better rice for noodle making revealed relatively less amount of solid extraction during boiling. The more volume expansion of batters for making brown rice bread resulted the better loaf formation and more springiness in rice bread. The higher protein rices produced relatively the more moist white rice bread. The springiness of rice bread was also significantly correlated with high amylose content and hard gel consistency. The completely chalky and large gram rices showed better suitability for fermentation and brewing. Our breeding efforts on rice quality improvement for the future should focus on enhancement of palatability of cooked rice and marketing qualify as well as the diversification in morphological and physicochemical characteristics of rice grain for various value-added rice food processings.

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Strategies to Reduce Phytate Content in the Korean Diet

  • Lee, Jee-Min;Li, Sun-Hee;Joung, Hyo-Jee;Paik, Hee-Young
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2003
  • High dietary phytate is a known factor in reducing the bioavailability of minerals such as zinc and calcium which are already chronically low in the Korean diet. This study was conducted to develop methods for reducing dietary phytate through the addition of phytate and/or the substitution of high phytate foods with low phytate foods. Ten units of phytase per 100g of uncooked brown rice were added to brown rice gruel resulted in a 16.2% phytate reduction after a 3-hour incubation period; an 18.2% reduction was produced after a 6-hour incubation period. The addition of ten units of phytase per 100g of soybean curd residue at 45$^{\circ}C$, followed by refrigeration for 3 hours, resulted in a 19.1% phytate reduction. The addition of 20 units of phytase under the same conditions reduced phytate content by 24.6%. In this study, two typical Korean meals consisting of legumes and unrefined cereals were prepared as high phytate meals; these were then compared to low phytate meals that had been prepared by treating the foods with phytase and substituting unrefined with refined cereals (i.e., brown rice with white rice, whole wheat bread with white bread). The phytate content of the two high phytate meals was 1878.2mg and 1811.8mg. After the addition of phytase and the food substitution, the phytate content of the low phytate meals was reduced to 788.9mg and 606.0mg. The phytate to zinc molar ratio of high phytate diets was 22.4 and 21.3 and 9.4 and 7.9 for the low phytate meals. These results indicate that the nutritional status of Koreans in terms zinc and other minerals can be improved by phytate reduction. This can be accomplished through the change of milling process for some cereals and/or the enzyme treatment of some high phytate food items.