• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develope efficient vermicomposting using of different mixture ratios of cow manure and rice hull by feeding these to earthworm and then by studying the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm, and the chemical composition of worm cast and its production. The results are summarized as follows. C/N ratio of feed was $20.43{\sim}31.16$ and it increased according to the higher proportion of rice hull, and survival of earthworm was $97.6{\sim}98.4%$. Number of young worms were significantly higher in $10{\sim}40%$ addition of rice hull(number of $824{\sim}844$) than number of 769 of real cow manure treatment(P<0.05). Fresh weight of young worms was $8.00{\sim}11.8g$ and it was significantly higher in 40% addition of rice hull than for other treatments(P<0.05). The cast production of earthworm was significantly lower in the 40% addition of rice hull than for other treatments(P<0.05). But digested matters were showed in the tendency of becoming higher in the 40% addition of rice hull than in $10{\sim}30%$ addition of that. C/N ratio of worm cast was significantly higher in 40% addition of rice hull than for other treatments(P<0.05). Heavy metal concentrations of worm cast were showed in the tendency of becoming lower in the 40% addition of rice hull than in addition of that.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2000

This study was performed to determine desorption equilibrium moisture contents of rough rice, brown rice, white rice and rice hull grown in Korea. EMC values were measured by static method using saturated salt solutions at three temperature levels of 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$ and eight relative humidity levels in the range from 11.2% to 85.0%. The measured EMC values were fitted to modified Henderson, Chung-Pfost , and modified Oswin models by using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of comparing root mean square errors for three models showed that modified Henderson and CHung -Pfost models could serve as good models, and that modified Oswin model could not be available for rough rice, brown rice, white rice and rice hull.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.487-491
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• 1994

Relative crystallinities, saccharification efficiency, and diazinon(pesticide) residues of rice and rice hull puffed by hot air puffer were investigated. Crystallinities of rice starch in the puffed rice were decreased as compared to those in cooked rice, and those of rice hull were slightly decreased as compared to those in raw hull. By puffing of glutinous rice, the saccharification efficiency treated with malt amylase was higher than in cooked rice, and hydrolysis ratio of rice hull by cellulase was also increased from 14% to 30% by puffing. The residual contents of diazinon of the puffed rice and rice hull were decreased to 42.7% and 47.6%, respectively. In addition, its decreasing rate in nonglutinous rice were higher than that of glutinous rice.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal mixture ratio for the mycelial culture of the Pleurotus ostreatus. The chief cultural media in this study were cotton hull, sawdust and rice straw and the supplemental media were zeolite, corn cob, defatted rice bran, white cotton, tobacco trash powder, rice hull and peat. The results of this study were as follows; the optimal mixture ratio of the chief cultural media were effective in 6 : 3 : 1(V/V, %), and the mycelial growth and density in the supplemental media were considerably better 1% zeolite,3% corn cob, 5% defatted rice bran, 1% white cotton, 1% tobacco trash powder, 7% rice hull in good order. The optimal mixture ratio be to the mixed supplemental media in the chief cultural media were as follows ; 2 : 2(V/V, %) at the conditions of mixed zeolite and corn cob; 3 : 2(V/V, %) at the conditions of mixed defatted rice bran and white cotton; 1 : 3(V/V, %) at the conditions of mixed tobacco trash powder and rice hull. At the conditions of the whole cultural media mixed, the mycelial growth and density were in good conditions ; cotton hull, sawdust, rice straw, zeolite, corn cob, defatted rice bran, white cotton, tobacco trash powder, rice hull, and peat were mixed 43.0 : 17.2 : 25.8 : 2.0 : 2.0 : 3.0 : 2.0 : 1.0 : 3.0 : 1.0 (V/V, %).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 1992

The physicochernical properties of Korean buckwheat starches were investigated. The results were as follows; 1. Water binding capacity of kangwon hull buckwheat starch was 106.55% and that of Kangwon rice buckwheat was 99.35%. 2. The pattern of change in swelling power of hull buckwheat starch for increasing temperature started to increase at 60$^{\circ}C$ and increased rapidly from 80$^{\circ}C$, and that of rice buckwheat increased slowly from 60$^{\circ}C$ to 90$^{\circ}C$. 3. The ranges of gelatinization temp. of hull buckwheat and rice buckwheat starches were 70~75$^{\circ}C$ and 75~85$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4. The blue value of hull buckwheat starch and rice buckwheat starch were 6.25 and 0.62, respectively. 5. The alkali number of hull buckwheat starch and rice buckwheat starch were 1.28 and 3.68 respectively. 6. The amylose content of hull buckwheat and rice buckwheat starch were 32.26% and 38.09%. 7. Periodate oxidation of hull buckwheat starch resulted that amylose had me average molecular weight of 103, 004, degree of polymerizatlon of 572 and amylopectin had me degree of branching of 7.64, glucose unit per segment of 13.09, and periodate oxidation of rice buck wheat starch resulted mat amylose had me average molecular weight of 125, 654, degree of polymerization of 698 and amylopectin had degree of branching of 6.59, glucose unit per segment of 15.16.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2001

Rice hull was used as an additive in order to determine the its effect on increse of mushroom growth and yield in Chungnam Provincial techinical institution. In the treatment of 80% rice hull in small Neutaribeosut, mycelial growth duration was shown to be shorter about 11 days and yield increased about 7oie than those of conventional culture. In the case of Chongpung Neutaribeosut bottle culture, mycelial growth duration was shorter about 2 to 3 days in additive of 30 to 80% rice hull compared to conventional, but yield was similar to that of conventional. In the treatment of 30% rice hull in Agrocybe aegerita bottle culture, mycelial growth and yield increased 6 days and 6% than those of convrntional, respectively. In the treatment of 30% to 40% rice hull in Ganoderma lucidum bottle culture, mycelial grow durations were similar 45 days and 38 g/bottle.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.340-350
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.315-315
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• 2009

Component analysis and physico-chemical properties of wood and rice hull vinegars were conducted in order to promote the utilization of these environment-friendly materials. Results showed that wood vinegar had higher specific gravity (2.5) and tar content (0.3%), but lower acid content (1.0%) than rice hull vinegar (1.7, 0.05% and 4.4%, respectively). GC-MS component analysis revealed that rice vinegar had higher phenol content (34%) than wood vinegar (11.49%). Acetic acid and propionic acid were also higher in rice hull vinegar. On the contrary, wood vinegar had higher Furancarboxyl aldehyde content (41.6%) than rice hull vinegar (0.67%). Thus, different results in DPPH radical electron donating-abilities were obtained due to different percent composition of each vinegar.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1989

In the vinyl house cultivation, the water consumption, evapotnanspirafion ratio, growth condifion by the growing stages and yields of tomato and cucumber were investigated when they cultivated by nutriculture, rice hull charcoal culture and NFF culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean air temperature in the vinyl house during the experimental perica j was 1.9$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor air temperature, the rrnocirnum and minimum air temperature in the vinyl house was 4.6C and 1.7$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor temperature, respectively, and the mean daily evaporation in the vinyl house during the experimental period was 4.3rnm that is 02rnrn more than the outdoor evaporation 2. In the tomato cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best among the three methods, and the growth of NFT culture and nutriculture were worse than the soil cultivation which is standard, and among the nutriculture, the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the best. 3. In the cucumber cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best, and while the growth condition of NFT culture was worse than the standard soil cultivation, the growth of nutriculture was better than the standard soil cultivation, and the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest among the different treatments in the nutriculture. 4. In the tomato cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture plot was 1107.5rnm which is the highest amount among the three methods, and in the nutriculture, the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 22lAmm which is the highest among the three different treatments. 5. In the cucumber cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture was 11762rnm which is the highest, and the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 284.9rnm which is more than the 278.9mm of EC 1.Smmho plot and 262.9mm of EC 1.7rnmho plot. 6. The crop coefficient(Kc) of tomato was 0.82 in NFT culture, 4.67 in rice hull charcoar culture and 0.86~0.91 in nutriculture. 7. The crop coefficient(Kc) of cucumber was higher than tomato as 1.13 in NFT culture, 520 in rice hull charcoal culture and 1.08~1.19 in nutriculture. 8. The evapotranspiration ratio in the mid and late season were higher than the beginning and elongation stage, and the average evaportranspiration ratio of tomato and cucumber was 3.81 and 424, respectively, in the rice hull charcoal culture plot. 9. In the tomato cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice bull charcoal culture was 1443.Og which is the highest, and in the nutriculture, their yields were worse because of the damage of downy nidew disease. 10. In the cucumber cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice hull charcoal culture was 1965.7g which is the highest, and while the yield of NFT culture was ahout 25% lower than the stadard soil cultivation, the yield of nutriculture was higher than the standard soil cultivation, and among the treatments in the nutriculture, the yield of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest.