• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.208-212
• /
• 2007

This experiment was carried out to investigate critical date for wet direct seeding of rice after barley harvest in Honam plain areas. Three early maturing cultivars of Samchonbyeo, Sangjubyeo and Obongbyeo and two medium maturing cultivars of Geumobyeo 1 and Juanbyo were tested under four different seeding dates. Seedling stand was higher with earlier seeding date with the range from 68 to 81% then later seeding date. Field lodging occured severely in Samchonbyeo, Sangjubyeo and Geumobyeo 1, while it was not apparent in Obongbyeo and Juanbyo. In consideration of threshold heading date, critical seeding date was June 20 in Samchonbyeo, Sangjubyeo and Obongbyeo of early maturing cultivars, and June 15 in Geumobyeo 1 and Juanbyo of medium maturing cultivars. Milled rice yield significantly decreased in seeding date of June 15 or late. These results implied that critical date of seeding for wet direct seeding after barley cropping in Honam plain area was June 10.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.233-248
• /
• 1998

Food Self-sufficiency rate in Korea was 26.4 percent in 1996. It include $89.9{\%}$ for rice, $99.6{\%}$ for root and tuber crops, and $73.5{\%}$ for barley. To make things worse, self-sufficiency for wheat and corn were far less than 1 percent. As food is considered as weapon, every effort should be given to increase the self-sufficiency. In order to cope with expected food crisis, we suggest wheat and barley be grown in winter period, where there is climate fit. The aim of this paper is to survey systematically the status of food supply and demand of wheat and barley and to encourage farmers make double cropping systems with better stability in yield and economic return.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2020

The provision of information on the profitability and efficiency during the transition from growing rice to substitute crops is an essential task for the proliferation and settlement of the production adjustment system. First, the profitability of the soybean + barley cropping system was analyzed. The average income of the farms with the soybean + barley cropping system surveyed was 868,000 Won, with an income proportion of 55.1%. With earned income that is approximately 1.7 times higher than that of growing only rice, it is determined to be more profitable. Then, the efficiency of the farms was analyzed through DEA analysis. The efficiencies of the farms were found to include the CCR model (0.927815) and the BCC model (0.97544). It was also found that there are 10 CCR and 14 BCC results with an efficiency value of 1. With an efficiency value of more than 0.9 on average, it can be deemed as efficient management in general. In addition, by presenting a proposal for the improvement of inefficient farms, the target value was provided in order for inefficient farms to become efficient farms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.233-233
• /
• 2017

Algal communities are important to maintain the aquatic ecosystems function. Algae have short life cycles, they respond quickly to environmental change and their diversity and density can indicate and the quality of their habitat. The bloom forms before the rice seedings have emerged, it may present a physical barrier that prevents the seedlings from penetrating the floodwater. Wind may also move the algal bloom, pushing the young plants beneath the surface. Another harmful action develops when the water dries up and the algae form a layer at the bottom of the field. The layer envelops the seedlings, which are not yet deeply rooted, and drag them to the surface when the water is let in again. Soil utilization pattern can be the mail facter affecting soil physico-chemical properties, especially in soil phosphorus (P). Solid content of the algae culture solution increased with the increase in the nitrogen rather the phosphors concentration. Phosphoric acid was treated with conventional treatments (100-0%, before transplanting time-tillering stage), 50-50%, 0-100%, and un-treated. The herbicide was treated on the 7 DAT (day after transplanting). Green algae samples were collected 20 DAT. Total phosphoric acid was the highest at 0.06 in 50-50% treatment in 20 DAT. The amount of green algae was about twice (9.8 mg/20ml) that of un-treated. Total number of green algae was 54 species(Green algae 35 species, Euglena 9 species, Stone wheel 10 species). Among the phosphoric acid treatment methods, the number of occurrences of green algae were the highest with 39 species in 0-100%, followed by 50-50%, 28 species, conventional treatments, 22 species, non-treatment, 18 species, respectively. Rice Yield was not significantly different by phosphoric treatment time, but slightly higher than un-treated. The maximal algal biomass was observed about 2weeks or 1 month after transplanting; the subsequent decrease of the biomass was related to the consumption by grazers and to a deficient light under the rice canopy. Maximal algal growth was observed just before tillering. To estimate the suitable method of phosphorus application in puddled-soil drill seeding of rice, available phosphorus appearance of algal water bloom, and rice yield were investigated in paddy soil of rice-barley double cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.308-312
• /
• 2012

BACKGROUND: The nutrient balance in Korea during 1985-2006 had continually increased and maintained the highest levels among OECD countries. The use of green manure crops such as barley and hairy vetch is common practice for reducing chemical fertilizer application and maintaining soil fertility. However, green manure crops can also be used as a livestock feeding material which may reduce nutrient balance in the national scale. We calculated nitrogen and phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system where all green manure was removed and used for feeding livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch grown in pure stands or in mixtures with different sowing rates were tested for rice cultivation without chemical fertilization. The conventional fertilization (NPK) for rice cultivation was selected to compare nutrient balance with green manure-rice cultivation. Nitrogen and phosphate balance were calculated according to the surface balance method of the PARCOM guidelines. Total aboveground biomass of mixture (barley and hairy vetch) was higher compared to that of pure barley or hairy vetch. Among the mixture with barley and hairy vetch, the highest aboveground biomass was observed in B75H25 (barley 75%+hairy vetch 25%). The nitrogen and phosphate balance in the B75H25 mixture was-104 kg N/ha and-50.3 kg P/ha, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The barley and hairy vetch mixture proved to be a very effective strategy for biomass production of green manure. The amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer to be applied is estimated to be 104 kg N/ha and 50.3 kg P/ha in order to maintain soil fertility if all green manure and rice straw were removed from rice field for livestock feeding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure crops and cattle slurry application on rice productivity and nutrient movement in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of five designs, such as mono-cropping rice applied with standard fertilizer (MRS), double-cropping whole crop barley following rice applied with cattle slurry (DWBRC), double-cropping whole crop rye following rice applied with cattle slurry (DWRRC), mono-cropping rice applied with following milk vetch (MRMV) and mono-cropping rice applied with following hairy vetch (MRHV). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Culm and panicle length of rice were higher in MRS than other treatments. Ripened grain ratio was higher in MRS than other treatments. Yield of Grain showed high in MRS, DWBRC and DWRRC than MRMV and MRHV. The yield of dry matter (DM) of whole crop barley in DWBRC increased significantly as compared with that of rye in DWRRC. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) and exchangeable cation (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment. The concentrations of $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$ in discharge water in DWBRC and DWRRC were higher than MRS.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1985

The cropping management factor, C, in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been measured on a newly reclaimed Yesan sandy loam of 20% slope under various cropping system. Soil losses measured from lysimeter were 12.9, 5.4, 3.1, and 1.2 ton/10a for clean tilled, corn, barley-soybean, and grass, respectively. The values of C to be utilized in Soil-Loss Equation was obtained as fallows; corn 0.47, upland rice 0.34, barley-soybean 0.18, barley-sweet potato 0.10, grass 0.08, barley-corn 0.34, wheat-soybean 0.25, barley-corn (Soybean) 0.42, barley-corn (sweet potato) 0.37, wheat-sesame 0.20, barley-red pepper 0.18, red pepper 0.32, sesame 0.28, potato-soybean 0.26, respectively. According to the comparisons between the actual soil loss measured by lysimeter and the soil loss predicted by the USLE, the smallest difference of both method came from barley-soybean while the largest came from corn.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2015

Farmers with forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system at reclaimed tidal lands burn crop residues to facilitate seedbed preparation or remove them for feed stock. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw amendment and N fertilization on soil properties and N uptake of rice under forage barely-rice cropping system at reclaimed tidal paddy field. Rice straw was applied at the rates of 0, 2.5 and $5.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ and N was fertilized at 0, 100, 200 and $400kg\;ha^{-1}$. Although there was no significant difference in the growth and yield of rice, fresh and dry weight of forage barely increased with increasing the amount of rice straw. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage was $65.8-69.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ by the amount of rice straw amendment, but there were no significant differences among rice straw amendment levels. After harvesting the rice, the soil salinity decreased with rice straw amendment compared to the control. After forage barely and rice cultivation, soil organic matter contents increased to $2.6-2.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and $3.2-3.5g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage increased up to $82kg\;ha^{-1}$ in $400kg\;ha^{-1}$ N applied plots which were $37.8kg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than the control. Nitrogen fertilization decreased N recovery efficiency. The highest yield of rice was observed at $244kg\;ha^{-1}$ N fertilization level, but the optimum N level was estimated at $168kg\;ha^{-1}$ in order to keep the protein content of rice under 6.5%. Further researches on N uptake and application of organic matter according to soil salinity will be necessary to increase N use efficiency at reclaimed tidal paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 1985

To estimate the fundamental situation of weed emergence and it's competition to paddy rice (critical competition period and threshold level) in the southern paddy area in Korea, two rice cultivars (Pungsanbyo and Tongjinbyo) under two cropping periods (Mono- and After-barley-cropping) were experimented. As a result, the dominant weed species (Monochoria vaginalis and Scirpus juncoides Roxb.) and the better emerging conditions (rather at the monocropping and cv. Punsanbyo) were identified. Also, the main components of yield decrease (25-55% of the weed-free check) of both cultivars as affected by weed competition were the number of spikelets, panicle and ripening rate in monocropping, and the ripening rate and grain weight in after-barley-cropping, respectively. Under the situation of combinated dominance with Monochoria v. and Scirpus j. among others, the duration of critical competition periods was enlarged.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND: Epigeic arthropods participate in ecological functions as predators, decomposers and herbivores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of some dominant arthropods in rice fields to different forms of agricultural land management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The abundance of microarthropods was compared between rice fields and uplands in the non-growing season. Collembola, Oribatida and Mesostigmata were more abundant in the upland fields than in the paddy fields. The community composition and diversity of epigeic arthropods were compared between fallow and rice fields. The total abundance and species richness of spiders and ground beetles were not significantly different in the two types of agricultural fields. The abundance of Arctosa kwangreungensis was greater in fallow fields than in cultivated fields. The community structure of arthropods was compared between paddy fields with and without barley. The cropping system altered the community composition of spiders but not their biodiversity. Barley cultivation increased the abundance of ground beetles but decreased that of spiders. We suggest that this contrast was partly due to the availability of plants that provided shelter and food for ground beetles. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and cropping system alter the community composition of epigeic spiders and ground beetles. This could result in ecosystem-level alterations with respect to the control of pests and weeds. Our results also suggest that biodiversity of ground-dwelling arthropods may not increase during short fallow periods.