• Title/Summary/Keyword: rice yield

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Low-Temperature Microencapsulation of Sesame Oil Using Fluidized Bed Granulation (Fluidized bed granulation을 이용한 참기름의 저온 미세캡슐화)

  • Jeong, Chan-Min;Lee, Min-Kyung;Lee, Hyun-Ah;Park, Ji-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2009
  • Top spray-drying method is frequently utilized for flavor encapsulation, but the top spray-dried products frequently suffer from high losses of volatile flavor as the result of a high processing temperature (150-$300^{\circ}C$). In an effort to solve these problems, a low-temperature fluidized-bed granulating method was utilized to encapsulate the flavor. For the encapsulation of sesame oil, oil-in-water emulsions of sesame oil and a mixture of maltodextrin, modified starch, gum arabic, and gellan gum were bottom-sprayed at milder temperatures (70-$100^{\circ}C$) using a fluidized-bed granulator. Sesame oil extracts from microcapsules were obtained via a simultaneous distillation/extraction technique, and the retention of volatile flavor compounds was analyzed via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The retention of volatile flavors of sesame oil per se, spray-dried and fluidized-bed granulated microcapsules after 3-day-storage at $37^{\circ}C$ were 0.8%, 37.2%, and 42.0%, respectively. In addition, the low-temperature fluidized-bed granulation showed higher encapsulation yield and sensory preferences for the application of commercial products (beef rice porridge), as compared to spray drying.

Studies on the Use of Radioisotope Tracer Technique to Investigate and Improve The Root Activities in Rice Plant [III] -Effects of Application of Fused Magnesium Low Level Phosphate and Control of Irrigation Water- (방사성(放射性) 동위체(同位體) 도입(導入)과 그 추적기술(追跡技術)에 의(依)한 수도계(水稻系) 활성상(活性上)의 해명(解明)과 개선(改善)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(제 3 보)(第 3 報) -저인산성(低燐酸性) 무기(無機) 용성물질(熔成物質)의 시용(施用)과 용수조절(用水調節) 효과(?果)에 대(對)하여-)

  • Ahn, Hak-Soo;Ro, Jun-Chong;Chung, Hee-Don;Kim, Kyu-Won;Lee, Chun-Yong
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1973
  • 1. Through out the entire stage of growth, the amount of nutrients, number of tillers and of spikes increased in the Simagcalin treated plot as compared with the control. The treated plot showed healthul growth at the later growing stage. On the other hand, management of irrigation water resulted in raised the grain straw ratio and retarded the culm height about 10%. 2. Application of Simagcalin greatly increased the content of phosphorus and magnesium at the harvesting time. The culm and sheath analyses are recommendable for the determination of magnesium deficiency. 3. The controled irrigation would effect root activity as the main factor, and Simagcalin might act as a secondary factor. 4. While the application of phosphorus may not affect the yield components, The basic elements in Simagcalin may enhance the uptake of nutrients under heavy application of nitrogn.

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Determination of Hydraulic Parameters in Unconfined Sandy Aquifer in a Laboratory Scale (실내 자유면 사질 대수층의 수리상수 결정)

  • 김정석;김동주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.152-157
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    • 1999
  • Oil leaked from underwound storage tanks and leachate from sanitary landfills have been known as contaminant sources of the high-quality groundwater resources. The mobility of contaminants in the aquifer largely depends on the groundwater flow and the determination of associated hydraulic parameters is essential for a proper remediation of contaminated grnundwater. This study aimed at determining an optimum set of hydraulic parameters for an unconfined sandy aquifer of a laboratory scale through comparison of various methods. Results showed that the specific yield obtained from gravity drainage experiment was an average of 0.20 with minor variations in aquifer depths. and the permeabilities obtained from Dupuit approximation and slug test gave similar values of 5.33 cm/min and 5.85 cm/min but the constant head method gave 0.17 cm/min, which is much ion than the other methods. This experimental evidence reveals that the permeability of the unconfined sandy aquifer could be accurately determined by Dupuit assumption or slug tut rather than by constant head method conducted for a disturbed separate soil column.

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Determination of Soil Nitrogen Supplying Capacity Using Pepsin Digestibility (Pepsin 분해방법을 이용한 토양의 질소 공급력 결정)

  • Kim, Yoo-Hak;Kim, Sun-Kwan;Zhang, Yong-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.253-258
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    • 2005
  • It is necessary to determine a nitrogen supplying capacity (NSC) of soil for sustainable agriculture. NSC has been decided by directly detecting N mineralization potential (NMP) and inorganic nitrogen or by indirectly approximating from organic matter and chemical properties of soil. NMP is best method for NSC but it takes long period. A study was conducted to find a short-term incubation method using pepsin through 1) determining NMP of 3 upland and 3 paddy soils, 2) establishing analytical condition of pepsin digestion by comparing to NMP, 3) validating with relations to N requirements for maximum yield of rice. NMPs of 6 soils were ranges from $63mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$ to $156mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$. The pepsin digestion method of soil nitrogen was established by determining amino nitrogen from digesting 5 g of soil for 30 minutes by 0.02% pepsin. This method was so highly correlated with a maximum rate of nitrogen fertilizer that it could be used for determining NSC in paddy soil.

Effect of Sewage Sludge Application on Yield in Paddy Soil (답토양(畓土壤)에서 부숙오니시용(腐熟汚泥施用)이 벼 수량성(收量性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Oh, Wang-Keun;Lee, Choon-Soo;Kwak, Han-Kang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.134-140
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    • 1984
  • Field study was conducted to investigate the effect of sewage sludge application in paddy soil 1. Sewage sludge was available as source of nitrogen fertilizer. 2. Optimum amounts of sewage sludge application were 450kg/10a at the fertilizer (N-P-K) level of 7.5-10-10kg/10a and 350kg/10a at that of 15-10-10kg/10a. 3. Tillers, panicles and nitrogen content in rice plant were increased but percentage of ripeness was decreased with amounts of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. 4. Nitrogen utilizations were 25 and 18% at the level of 7.5-10-10 and 15-10-10kg/10a as fertilizer (N-P-K). On the other hand, maximum utilization of sewage sludge applied with fertilizer was near to 18%. Sewage sludge application without fertilizer was 16% of nitrogen maximum utilization and its utilization increased with amounts of sewage sludge application.

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Effects of Organic Liquid Fertilizer on Growth and Fruit Quality of Hot Pepper (유기액비 시용량이 고추의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Joo, Seon-Jong;Jeon, Jong-Ok;Lee, Guang-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.209-219
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of applying levels of organic liquid fertilizer (OLF) on growth and fruit quality of hot pepper. The OLF was made with compositions of chicken dung : rice bran : soybean meal (2:1:1). Hot pepper was applied with 5 treatments; control (chemical fertilize), OLF-1.0X (standard applying levels), OLF-0.7X (70% of standard applying level), and OLF-1.3X (130% of standard applying level). The plant height was reduced at 23cm in the OLF-1.0X treatment compared to control of 293cm. The number of hot pepper fruits was significantly increased. The content of capsaicin in the ripened pepper decreased by 23.6% in the OLF-1.0X treatment with $253mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ compared with control of $331mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, but the content of free sugar increased by 19.5%. The content of capsaicin and soluble solid content in OLF-1.3X treatment were significant different with other treatments. The yield of red pepper in OLF-1.0X treatments increased by 15% with $4,190kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ compared to control of $3,643kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$, and OLF-1.3X and OLF-0.7X treatments showed increase by 10% and 6%, respectively.

A New Short Stem, Lodging Resistance and High Yielding Peanut Variety "Pungan" (단경 내도복 다수성 땅콩 "풍안")

  • Pae, Suk-Bok;Hwang, Chung-Dong;Lee, Myung-Hee;Ha, Tae-Joung;Han, Sang-Ik;Shim, Kang-Bo;Cheong, Young-Keun;Park, Chang-Hwan;Park, Keum-Yong;Ahn, Jin-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.635-639
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    • 2009
  • A new peanut variety "Pungan"(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS(National Institute of Crop Science), in Milyang in 2008. It was developed from the cross between the high-yielding cultivar "Saedl" and the very short stem cultivar "Satonoka". "Pungan", a Virginia palnt type, has 20 branches with long ellipseshaped large grains. The 100 grain weight was 88 g, 7 g heavier than the check variety Daekwang. This variety is more resistant to late leaf spot and web blotch compared to Daekwang, a check variety. Moreover, it is lodging resistant owing to its short stem. "Pungsan" outyielded the check variety by 16% with 4.67 MT/ha in regional yield trials.

Suitable substrate formulation for bag cultivation of the cultivar 'Haesal' in Hypsizygus marmoreus (느티만가닥버섯 '햇살' 품종 봉지재배 적합배지 조성 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Keun;Sim, Soon-Ae;Kim, Ah-Young;Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk;Chang, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.160-165
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to investigate a suitable substrate formulation for bag cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus. To determine the optimum media composition for H. marmoreus, chemical properties of various media and culture properties were investigated. The fastest primordia formation (9.0 days), the shortest fruiting body harvest period (18.0 days), and the highest yield (144.7 g/bag) were realized with the T6 formulation (55:15:20:5:5 mixing ratio of poplar sawdust, wheat bran, rice bran, dried soybean powder, and palm kernel, respectively). The chemical properties of the T6 formulation were pH, 6.0; total carbon, 19.0%; total nitrogen, 0.83%; C/N ratio, 22.8; P2O5, 0.61%; K2O, 0.46%; and MgO, 0.29%. This is the first attempt using plastic bags for cultivation and will help expand the production of H. marmoreus.

Mapping Grain Weight QTL using Near Isogenic Lines from an Interspecific Cross (벼 종간잡종 유래 근동질 유전자계통 이용 종자중 관여 유전자 분석)

  • Kang, Ju-Won;Yang, Paul;Yun, Yeo-Tae;Ahn, Sang-Nag
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.304-310
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    • 2011
  • In previous studies, we reported QTLs for grain weight (GW), qGW3 and for spikelets per panicle (SPP), qSPP3 linked to RM60 on chromosome 3 using advanced backcross lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. Indica cv. Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima. The O. glaberrima alleles at this locus increased GW and spikelets per panicle in the Milyang 23 background. To further confirm and narrow down the position of the QTLs on chromosome 3, substitution mapping was performed using five lines containing the target O. glaberrima segment on chromosome 3. The size and position of the O. glaberrima segment on chromosome 3 were different in each line. These lines possessed 3-10 non-target O. glaberrima introgressions in the Milyang 23 background. These five lines were evaluated for seven agronomic traits including 1,000 grain weight and spikelets per panicle and also genotyped with seven SSR markers. Four lines were informative in delimiting the position of QTLs, qGW3 and qSPP3. Two lines with the O. glaberrima segment flanked by SSR markers, RM60 and RM523 displayed significantly higher values than Milyang 23 in GW and SPP whereas two lines without that O. glaberrima segment displayed no difference in GW and SPP compared to Milyang 23. The result indicates that two QTL, qGW3 and qSPP3 are located in the interval between RM60 and RM523 which are 1.2-Mb apart. Introgression lines having QTLs, qGW3 and qSPP3 would be useful materials not only to indentify the relationship between these two yield QTLs, but also to develop high yielding variety via marker-aided selection technology.

Development of Basic Research for Establishing the Apple IPM System in Korea: Dr. Lee Soon-Won's Research Case (한국형 사과 병해충종합관리(IPM) 체계 수립을 위한 기초연구의 전개: 이순원 박사의 연구 사례)

  • Ahn, Jeong Joon;Oh, Hyeonseok;Choi, Kyung San;Choi, Kyung-Hee;Do, Yun-Su;Lee, Sun-Young;Lee, Dong-Hyuk
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2021
  • The concept of integrated pest management (IPM) first developed in the 1950s, and the concept of economic control via pest management was established in the 1960s. Research on IPM began in the United States and Europe, and IPM studies in Korea started with citrus insects and paddy field pests following the distribution of high-yield varieties of rice. Apple IPM in Korea began with research on pest control using chemical pesticides and pesticides resistant to insect pests, studies on the ecology of insect pests and their natural enemies, and the exploitation of sex pheromones on insect pests. Since the 1990s, IPM research and field projects have been carried out simultaneously for farming households. In the 2000s, the development of pest monitoring and forecasting models centered on mating disturbances, database programs for pests, and networks for sharing information. IPM technology has expanded via the development of unmanned forecasting systems and automation technologies in the 2010s.