• 한국균학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1983

느타리버섯의 안전다수확(安全多收穫) 재배(栽培)를 위(爲)해 볏짚다발 배지(培地)는 야외(野外)에서 발효(醱酵)시키고 볏짚퇴비배지(堆肥培地)는 터널에서 살균(殺菌) 및 발효(醱酵)를 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 1. 볏짚다발 배지(培地)는 야외(野外) 발효기간(醱酵期間)이 증가(增加)될수록 균사생장(菌絲生長)이 양호(良好)하였고 균사활착소요일수(菌絲活着所要日數)도 단축(短縮)되었다. 2. 볏짚다발 배지(培地)의 발효기간별(醱酵期間別) 느타리버섯 자실체(子實體) 수량(收量)은 야외(野外)에서 6일간발효(日間醱酵)(3회(回)뒤집기)한구(區)에서 $50.5kg/3.3m^2$로 가장 높았으며 관행방법(慣行方法)보다 24%증수(增收)되었다. 3. 느타리버섯 재배용(栽培用) 볏짚퇴비(堆肥)는 터널내(內)에서 4일간발효(日間醱酵)한 배지(培地)에서 균사생장(菌絲生長)과 초발용(初發茸) 소요일수(所要日數)가 빨랐으며 수량(收量)도 $67.6kg/3.3m^2$로 대조구(對照區)보다 17%가 증수(增收)되었다. 4. 느타리버섯 퇴비배지(堆肥培地)는 터널을 이용(利用)하여 살균(殺菌)과 발효(醱酵)가 가능(可能)하였으며 관행방법(慣行方法)보다 생산비(生産費)가 22. 3% 절감(節減)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 1975

기상요인(氣象要因)과 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하고자 13개(個) 수도품종(水稻品種)에 대(對)하여 6년간(年間)의 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)을 조사분석(調査分析)하여 보았던바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균기온(平均氣溫)의 년차변이(年差變異)는 7월(月) 상중순(上中旬) 및 8월(月) 하순(下旬), 9월상순(月上旬)에서 컸고 6월하순(月下旬)과 7월하순(月下旬)에서 가장 적였다. 일조시수(日照時數)의 년차변이(年差變異)는 1월중구(月中句)에서 가장 컸으며 6월하구(月下句)및 7월하구(月下句)에서 가장 적었다. 2. 수량구성요소중(收量構成要素中) 수수(穗數)의 년차변이(年差變異)가 가장 컸고 현미천립중(玄米千粒重)의 년차변이(年差變異)가 가장 적었으며 품종별(品種別) 각형질(各形質)에서의 년차변이(年差變異)의 정도(程度)는 각각(各各) 다른 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 수량(收量)에 미치는 직접효과(直接效果)는 등숙비율(登熟比率)이 가장 컸고 다음이 현미천립중(玄米千粒重)이었으며 수량(收量)에 대(對)한 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)의 영향(影響)은 해에따라 상당(相當)히 다른 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 4. 평균기온(平均氣溫)이 높을수록, 그리고 일조시수(日照時數)가 길수록 최고분얼기(最高分蘖期)는 지연(遲延)되었으며 한편출수기(出穗期) 까지의 일수(日數)는 단축(短縮)되었다. 5. 이앙후(移秧後) 11~40일(日)의 평균기온(平均氣溫)과 입수간(粒數間)에는 높은 (-)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었고 이앙후(移秧後) 61~70일(日)의 평균기온(平均氣溫)과 입수간(粒數間)에는 (+)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 출수전(出穗前)의 고온(高溫)은 등숙비율(登熟比率)을 증가(增加)시키는 경향(傾向)이 였으나 출수직후(出穗直後)의 고온(高溫)은 등숙비율(登熟比率)을 오히려 감소(減少)시키는 경향(傾向)이 였다. 6. 적산기온(積算氣溫)과 천립중(千粒重) 간(間)에는 전기간(全期間)에서 높은 (+)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 이앙후(移秧後) 61~70일(日)의 평균기온(平均氣溫)과 현미중(玄米重) 간(間)에 가장 높은 (+) 상관(相關)을 보였고 출수후(出穗後)의 평균기온(平均氣溫)과는 (-)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 7. 호등숙비율(登熟比率)과 적산일조시수(積算日照時數) 간(間)에는 높은 유의상관(有意相關)을 보였으며 이앙후(移秧後) 31~50일(日) 및 61~70일(日)의 일조시수(日照時數)와 등숙비(登熟比) 율간(率間)에 높은(+)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 현미수량(玄米收量)과 일조시수간(日照時數間)에는 이앙후(移秧後) 51~60일(日)에서 높은 (+)의 상관(相關)을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.112-126
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• 1991

The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is ever-increasing and expected to reach about 600 ppmv some time during next century. Such an increase of $CO_2$ may cause a warming of the earth's surface of 1.5 to 4.5$^{\circ}C$, resulting in great changes in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The climatic scenario under doubled $CO_2$ projected by general circulation model of Goddard Institute for Space Studies(GISS) was adopted to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on agroclimatic resources, net primary productivity and rice productivity in Korea. The annual mean temperature was expected to rise by 3.5 to 4.$0^{\circ}C$ and the annual precipitation to vary by -5 to 20% as compared to current normal climate (1951 to 1980), resulting in the increase of possible duration of crop growth(days above 15$^{\circ}C$ in daily mean temperature) by 30 to 50 days and of effective accumulated temperature(EAT=∑Ti, Ti$\geq$1$0^{\circ}C$) by 1200 to 150$0^{\circ}C$. day which roughly corresponds to the shift of its isopleth northward by 300 to 400 km and by 600 to 700 m in altitude. The hydrological condition evaluated by radiative dryness index (RDI =Rn/ $\ell$P) is presumed to change slightly. The net primary productivity under the 2$\times$$CO_2$ climate was estimated to decrease by 3 to 4% when calculated without considering the photosynthesis stimulation due to $CO_2$ enrichment. Empirical crop-weather model was constructed for national rice yield prediction. The rice yields predicted by this model under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climatic scenario at the technological level of 1987 were lower by 34-43% than those under current normal climate. The parameters of MACROS, a dynamic simulation model from IRRI, were modified to simulate the growth and development of Korean rice cultivars under current and doubled $CO_2$ climatic condition. When simulated starting seedling emergence of May 10, the rice yield of Hwaseongbyeo(medium maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate in Suwon showed 37% reduction compared to that under current normal climate. The yield reduction was ascribable mainly to the shortening of vegetative and ripening period due to accelerated development by higher temperature. Any simulated yields when shifted emergence date from April 10 to July 10 with Hwaseongbyeo (medium maturity) and Palgeum (late maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate did not exceed the yield of Hwaseongbyeo simulated at seedling emergence on May 10 under current climate. The imaginary variety, having the same characteristics as those of Hwaseongbyeo except growth duration of 100 days from seedling emergence to heading, showed 4% increase in yield when simulated at seedling emergence on May 25 producing the highest yield. The simulation revealed that grain yields of rice increase to a greater extent under 2$\times$ $CO_2$-doubled condition than under current atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration as the plant type becomes more erect.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.281-285
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• 1998

골판지 고지로 제조된 재생 멀칭지를 벼 파종시 피복하여 멀칭지의 분해, 잡초 발생, 벼의 생육 및 수량을 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건답상태에서는 멀칭지의 분해가 거의 이루어지지 않았으며 관개한 후부터 분해속도가 급격히 빨라져서 파종 후 80일인 7월 20일경까지 멀칭지는 50% 정도 분해되었다. 2. 벼 생육초기에는 종이멀칭에 의하여 효과적으로 잡초가 방제되었으며, 생육후기에는 멀칭지의 분해 및 후기잡초의 발생으로 방제효율이 다소 떨어지기는 하였지만 잡초 방제가는 제초제에 의해 잡초를 방제한 처리구보다 높게 나타났다. 3. 멀칭처리구의 수량은 무멀칭 제초제 처리구와 차이가 없었다. 4. 이상의 결과로부터 볼 때 벼 건답직파(乾畓直播)재배에서 종이멀칭에 의해 잡초발생을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있으며, 수량 또한 제초제에 의해 잡초방제를 하는 관행 재배와 큰 차이가 없을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.370-374
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• 1990

벼물바구미 피해정도에 따른 벼 생육 및 미질 변화에 미친 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼물바구미 피해정도에 따라서 보면 피해정도가 심할수록 경수는 적고, 초장은 짧았으며 최고분벽기도 지연되었다. 2. 벼물바구미 피해에 의하여 출수기는 1-2일 정도 지연되었고, 간장도 짧아졌으며, 수수도 감소하였고, 등숙율은 떨어지는 경향이었다. 3. 벼물바구미 피해에 의하여 수량은 4-22% 감소하였으며, 그 정도는 1모작보다 2모작에서 심하였다. 4. 벼물바구미 피해에 의한 미질 변화는 불완전미가 증가하였고, 특히 청미가 증가하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

본 연구는 가축액상분뇨의 비료성분 불균형을 화학비료로 조정하여 작물양분의 최적화에 의한 벼의 생육과 품질향상을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 양돈분뇨발효액비와 화학비료를 혼합하여 조제한 맞춤비료(LCSC)의 시용이 벼의 생육특성, 수량, 수량구성요소, 쌀 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리구는 맞춤비료(LCSC) 기비 50% + 화학비료 50% 추비구, LCSC 기비 75% + 화학비료 25% 시용구, 100% LCSC 시용구, 100% 양돈 분뇨발효액비 시용구(LM)를 두었다. 또한 대조구로 화학비료 시용구를 두었다. 1. 초장은 생육초기에 화학비료 시용구와 LCSC와 화학비료 혼합 시용구에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 생육후기의 초장은 LM 시용구가 가장 적었다. 분얼수의 경우도 화학비료 시용구와 LCSC 시용구가 LM 시용구 보다 더 많았다. 엽록소 함량은 생육초기 화학비료 및 LCSC 시용구에서 LM 시용구 보다 높았으나 생육후기에는 LM 처리구와 LCSC 100% 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 수량구성요소에 있어서 주당수수는 화학비료구와 LCSC 기비 + 화학비료 추비 시용구에서 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 수당립수는 화학비료 시용구에서 가장 많았으나 처리간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 천립중과 등숙률은 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 벼의 정조수량은 LCSC + 화학비료 혼합 시용구에서 681 kg/10a로서 가장 높았다. LCSC 100% 기비시용구의 정조수량은 화학비료 대비 9% 감수되었으며, LM 시용구는 화학비료 시용구 대비 7% 감수되었다. 4. 현미의 미질은 LM 시용구와 LCSC 100% 기비 시용구에서 화학비료 시용구에 비하여 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다. 현미의 단백질 함량은 화학비료 시용구에서 LM 시용구와 LCSC 100% 기비 시용구보다 유의성 있게 높았다. 따라서 쌀 품질향상에 적절한 양의 LCSC와 화학비료 혼합시용이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1999

To examine the seedling stand and growth as affected by early seeding dates of dry direct seeded rice in the Honam plain area of Korea, Dongjinbyeo was seeded at six seeding dates from early March to late April in rice fields of silty loam soil(Jeonbuk series) at the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station (NHAES) for two years, 1996 and 1998. Seedling stand decreased slightly. with an early seeding date, but it produced more than the optimum seedling number except for the seeding of 25 March in 1996. Days to emergence was significantly longer, as seeding date was earlier, and days to emergence by early seeding was shortened only by 8 days because the mean air temperature was lower in 1996 than average, while in 1998, the reduction effect was nine to twenty five days because the mean air temperature was higher than average. In early seeding, various weeds occurred at the emergence date of rice and dominant weeds were Alopecurus aequailis, Ludwigia prostata and Rorippa islandica. NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N content in the soil at the 5th leaf stage and maximum tillering stage were lower, as the seeding date was earlier when nitrogen was split applied as basal and top dressed in 1996, while it was not significantly different among seeding dates when nitrogen was intensively applied as a top dressing in 1998. Tiller number at the maximum tillering stage and panicle number/m$^2$ were more, as seeding date was earlier in 1996, while it was not different in 1998. Filled grain rate and 1,000 grain weight was not different among the seeding dates. Milled rice yield was significantly decreased in the seeding before the middle of March, but in the seeding after late March, it was not varied when compared with the normal seeding date in 1996, while in 1998, there was no difference among seeding dates. From the above results, in consideration of seedling stand, weed occurance, rice growth and milled rice yield, the critical optimum early seeding time in the southern plain area may lie in early April. But it was suggested that when soil moisture is proper for seeding practices, seeding amount is increased and nitrogen is applied after plumule emergence of rice, milled rice yield may not be reduced in the seeding of middle or late March, compared with the seeding in April.l.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2012

Organic farming has rapidly increased in Gangwon province, but there is a concern about nutrient accumulation and nutrient imbalance in the soil of organic farming. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous application of organic amendments on growth and yield of red pepper and soil characteristics compared with chemical fertilizers application for four years. Treatments of organic amendments including oil cake, rice straw compost, amino acid compost, rice bran compost, and mushroom media (spent substrate) compost resulted in comparable growth and yield of pepper to chemical fertilizers. Organic amendments improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Especially, rice bran compost and oil cake significantly increased soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer application and mushroom media compost and rice straw compost significantly improved soil aggregate stability. On the other hand, available phosphate level in the soil amended with rice bran compost or mushroom media compost was relatively high compared with the other treatments due to relatively high phosphate levels in the composts. It is not easy to adjust nutrient composition in the organic materials. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that nutrient imbalance needs to be carefully considered in organic farming without use of chemical fertilizers.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.184-184
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• 2017

Organic matter is very important and essential factor to maintain productivity of paddy field. But as meat consumption and the demand of grain increase, the demand of forage also increased gradually in Korea. So the amount of organic matter in paddy field have been declined gradually by the reduction of return of rice straw for the forage use for cattle. There is not enough alternative resources for forage, we guess this trend of organic matter decline in paddy field would continue for the time being in Korea. So this study was performed to confirm the variation of organic matter and change of rice yield to select suitable rice cultivars which yield reduction is small in condition of organic matter decrease in paddy field. To confirm the change of rice growth and yield in condition of organic matter decrease in paddy field, we transplanted 10 rice cultivars which yield reduction are small in low fertilizer condition. We transplanted it Buan where double cropping of winter barley continues several years on June 10. Planting density were $70plants/3.3m^2$ Fertilizer amount was $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=9-4.5-5.7kg/10a$ and fertilizer split application of nitrogen was basal-tillering stage-panicle initiation = 50-20-30%. And in the other cultivation management, we observed rice standard culture of NICS. In paddy field where withdraw straws of barley and rice, the organic matter content showed tendency to decrease as the years go on. During rice cultivation season, organic matter decreased little by little, but it increased again after rice harvest season. Rice yield was more in order of Sodami, Chunghaejinmi and Saenuri. We judge that there is an advantage in rice yield of rice cultivars which have later heading date because of suitable ripening temperature. Although Sobibyeo and Shindongjinbyeo showed high yield, head rice yield decreased severely owing to chalky and cracked rice.