• 제목/요약/키워드: rice fresh leaves

검색결과 38건 처리시간 0.028초

Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Microbial Nitrogen Production and Blood Metabolites in Thai Brahman Cattle Fed a Basal Diet of Rice Straw and Supplemented with Some Tropical Protein-rich Trees

  • Jetana, Thongsuk;Vongpipatana, Cheerapath;Thongruay, Sirima;Usawang, Sungworn;Sophon, Sunpeth
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.465-474
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    • 2010
  • The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290${\pm}$2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pods (RTP) and 20 g premix (RTPP), ii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried leucaena leaves and 20 g premix (LLRT), iii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried cassia leaves and 20 g premix (CLRT) and iv) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried mulberry leaves and 20 g premix (MLRT). The apparent dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT supplement than in those fed the other supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT and MLRT supplements than in those fed the other supplements. The N-balance of cattle fed LLRT and CLRT supplements was higher (p<0.05) than in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of N was highest (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement, compared to the other supplements. Allantoin and PD excretion in the urine, and the ratios of allantoin/DOMI and PD/DOMI were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT than for those fed LLRT and CLRT supplements. Plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate (${\beta}$-HBA) and insulin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement than in those fed the other supplements. The study demonstrated the value of using local multipurpose trees (MPTs) to improve Brahman cattle feeding systems in the tropics.

Mechanisms of Chilling Tolerance in Relation to Antioxidative Enzymes in Rice

  • Kuk, Yong-In;Shin, Ji-San;Whang, Tay-Eak;Guh, Ja-Ock
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.341-351
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    • 2002
  • In order to examine the mechanistic basis for differential sensitivities to chilling and subsequent recovery between two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cutivars, a chilling-tolerant japonica type (Ilpumbyeo) and a chilling-susceptible indica type (Taebaekbyeo), changes of physiological responses and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Both cultivars at 3 leaf stage were exposed at a low temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days and subsequently recovered in a growth chamber at a $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days with 250 mmol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$. Physiological parameters such as leaf fresh weight, relative water content, cellular leakage, lipid peroxidation, and chlorophyll a fluorescence showed that the chilling tolerant cultivar had a high tolerance during chilling. However, the chilling-susceptible cultivar revealed severe chilling damages. The chilling-tolerant cultivar was also faster in recovery than the chilling-susceptible cultivar in all parameters examined. We analyzed the activity and isozyme profiles of four antioxidant enzymes which are: superoxide dismutase (SOD), caltalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR). We observed that chilling-tolerance was due to a result of the induced or higher antioxidant enzyme system, CAT and APX in leaves and SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in roots. Especially, we observed the most significant differences between the chilling-tolerant cultivar and -susceptible cultivar in CAT and APX activity. Also in isozyme profiles, CAT and APX band intensity in the chilling-tolerant cultivar was distinctively higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling and recovery. Thus, the cold stability of CAT and APX are expected to contribute to a tolerance mechanism of chilling in rice plants. In addition, the antioxidative enzymes activity in roots may be more important than in that of leaves to protect chilling damage on rice plants.

"도문대작(屠門大嚼)"을 통해 본 조선중기 지역별 산출 식품과 향토음식 (A study on Regional foods in the middle of Chosun Dynasty through Domundaejac)

  • 차경희
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.379-395
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    • 2003
  • Regional foods is influenced by weather, local and social environment etc. The purpose of this study was to understand that regional foods in the middle of Chosun Dynasty through Domundaejac. Some of representative dishes of the Hansung and Kyonggi-do Area is duck(rice cake) of seasonally celebrated days, hangua(korea confectionary) and rice wine. Typical foods in Chungchong-do Area is included persimmon, jujube, watermelon and wax gourd. Some of the well-known food in Kangwon-do Area is pear, bangpungchuk(gruel), sukebyung(rice cake), woongjijunggua(korea confectionary) and sanat-kimchi(picked mustard leaves and stem) that is seemed characteristics of mountainous section. Some of the famous dishes in Cholla-do Area is backsanja(korea confectionary), tea, chuksun kimchi(bamboo shoot pickle), citrus fruits and ear shell. Kyongsan-do Area ia famous persimmon, bamboo fruit, dasik(korea confectionary) and yakban(glutinous rice cake). Hwanghae-do Area is famed pear and choshi as assumed the eatly form of gochujang(thick soypaste mixed with red pepper). Representative dishes are deljjuk(blue berry), herring, sangat-kimchi(picked mustard leaves and sterm) in Hamgyong-do Area and daemandu(big dumpling) in Pyongan-do Area. The coast area is famous for using lots of sea food. Fresh seafood is consumed raw, and clams, fish and seaweed are liberally added to soups and other dishes. The East coast is catched salmon, flatfish, codfish, sandfish and mackerel The West coast is catched yellow corvenia, lobster, tiny shrimp and large-eyed herring. The South coast is catched sea mussel, codfish and laver.

Development of transgenic cucumber expressing TPSP gene and morphological alterations

  • Kim, Hyun-A;Min, Sung-Ran;Choi, Dong-Woog;Choi, Pil-Son;Hong, Seong-Gyun
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.72-76
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    • 2010
  • To develop transgenic cucumber tolerant to abiotic stress, a cotyledonary-node explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA101) carrying TPSP gene (pHC30-TPSP). After transfer to fresh medium every two week for eight weeks, putative transgenic plants were selected when shoots grown a length greater than 3 cm from the cotyledonary-node explants on selection medium supplemented with $5\;mgl^{-1}$ phospinotricin as selectable agent. The confirmation of transgenic cucumber was based on the Northern blot analysis. Thirty four shoots (5.2%) with resistance to phospinotricin were obtained from 660 explants inoculated. Of them, transformants were only confirmed from 11 plants (1.7%). Transgenic cucumber expressing TPSP gene was more synthesized at 3.8 times amounts of trehalose (0.014 mg g fresh $wt^{-1}$) than non-transformants (0.0037 mg g fresh $wt^{-1}$). However, all of transgenic plants showed abnormal morphology, including stunted growth (< height 15 cm), shrunken leaves, and sterility as compared with non-transgenic plants (> height 150 cm) under the same growth environment. These results lead us to speculate that the overproduction of trehalose was toxic for cucumber, even though that had known for rice as non-toxic.

Reduction of Stress Caused by Drought and Salt in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crops through Applications of Selected Plant Extracts and the Physiological Response Mechanisms of Rice

  • Hyun Hwa Park;Young Seon Lee;Yong In Kuk
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.57-57
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    • 2022
  • In many areas of the world, salt damage and drought have had a negative impact on human survival due to a decrease in agricultural productivity. For instance, about 50% of agricultural land will be affected by salt damage by 2050. Biostimulants such as plant extracts can not only increase the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants, but also promote plant growth and increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how selected plant extracts might reduce levels of stress caused by drought and salt and to better understand the physiological response mechanisms of rice plants. In this study, we used Soybean leaves, Soybean stems and Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts were used. These extracts had been used in previous studies and were found to be effective. The materials were dried in a dry oven at 50℃ for 5 days and ground using a blender. Each 50 g of materials was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 24 hours, filtered using 4 layers of mirocloth, and then concentrated using a concentrator. Rice (cv. Hopumbyeo) seeds were immersed and germinated, and then sown in seedbeds filled with commercial soil. In drought experiments, three rice seedlings at 1 week after seeding was transplanted into 100 ml cups filled with commercial soils and grown until the 4-leaf stage. For this experiment, the soil weight in a cup was equalized, and water was allowed to become 100% saturated and then drained for 24 hours. Thereafter, plant extracts at 3% concentrations were applied to the soils. For NaCl treatments, rice plants at 17 days after seeding were treated with either 100 mM NaCl or plant extracts at 1%+ 100 mM NaCl combinations in the growth chamber. Leaf injury, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll contents were measured at 3, 5, and 6 days after treatments. Shoot fresh weight of rice under drought conditions increased 28-37% in response to treatments of Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Shoot fresh weight of rice subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatments also increased by 6-24% in response to Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Compared to the control, rice plants treated with these six extracts and subjected to drought conditions had significantly higher relative water content, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. With the exception of relative water contents, rice plants treated with the six extracts and subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl treatments) had significantly higher Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. However, the type of extract used did not produce significant difference in these parameters. Thus, all the plant extracts used in this study could mitigate drought and NaCl stresses and could also contribute substantially to sustainable crop production.

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패화석, 맥반석 및 바이오세라믹의 혼입처리 벼의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Substrates Supplemented with Crushed Shell, Elvanite and bioceramic on the Growth of Rice(Oryza sativa L.))

  • 박순기;김홍기;정순주
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 1997
  • This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of rices. The rice seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates supplemented with bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites. The growth of rice seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf width, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic powders (2 to 3g/kg), crushed shells (10g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 40g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic powder from 16 days after treatment, whereas crushed shells and elvanites from 10 days after treatment. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by the crushed shells and elvanites supplemented into each substrate. In the field, plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were also influenced by crushed shells and elvanites at 74 days after treatment. The growth of rices in terms of tiller number, spikelets, panicles and spikelets/panicle was incresed by adding the crushed shells and elvanites from 100 to 200g per m2.

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재배양식(栽培樣式)에 따른 수종(數種) 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 벼와 피의 해부형태적(解剖形態的) 반응차이(反應差異) - III. Propanil 에 대한 반응차이(反應差異) (Morphological and Anatomical Response of Rice and Barnyardgrass to Herbicides under Various Cropping Patterns. - III. Response to Propanil)

  • 천상욱;구자옥;국용인
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 1996
  • 파종 및 이앙 후 7일째 propanil 4,200g ai/ha를 다양한 재배양식에서 재배된 벼와 피에 경엽처리한 결과 피의 초장과 근장에서 건답조건의 경우 각각 100% 완전히 억제되었으나 담수 조건에서 경우는 63 및 40% 각각 억제되었다. 담수직파조건과 이앙조건의 벼의 초장과 근장은 무처리와 유사하거나 오히려 증가되는 경향을 보였으나 건답조건에서는 20~24% 억제를 보였다. 지상부 생체중에 있어서 피는 건답조건에서 100% 억제되는 반면 담수조건에서 78%가 억제되었다. 벼의 생체중은 건답조건의 표면파종벼에서만 28%로 상당한 억제가 있었으나 다른 재배양식에서는 무처리와 유사하거나 증가한 경향이었다. 광학현미경에서 해부학적 변화는 공시된 전재배양식의 벼에서는 관찰되지 않았으나 피의 경우에 있어서는 건답 및 담수 두조건 모두에서 심한 표피세포의 위축현상, 유관속초세포의 엽록체의 부분적 소실 및 엽육세포의 파괴현상이 각각 관찰되었다. 벼의 엽육세포층 및 총엽신의 두께는 무처리와 유사한 경향이거나 담수조건에서는 오히려 증가되었으나 피는 무처리에 비해 두조건 모두에서 엽육세포층의 두께 감소로 인한 총엽신 두께가 36~48% 감소되었다. Propanil 배량 처리로 인한 건답직파벼는 토중벼보다는 표면 파종벼에서 약해발생이 있엇고 다른 재배양식의 벼에서는 안전한 경향이었고 피는 두조건에서 모두 탁월한 방제를 보이나 담수조건에서 피의 방제는 다소 불만족스러웠다.

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벼 품종들의 분얼성기 및 출수기의 엽표면Wax의 양 및 화학적 조성 (Amount and Chemical Characteristics of the Epicuticular Waxes on Leaves at Active Tillering and Heading Stages of Rice Varieties)

  • Yong Woong, Kwon;Bong Jin, Chung
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.185-197
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    • 1992
  • 본 연구는 엽표면 특성 및 유전적 특성이 현저히 다른 벼 품종들의 엽표면 wax의 양과 화학적 조성을 밝히고자 수행 되었다. 벼품종은 엽의 형태적 특성면에서 glabrous한 것, long-hairy한 것, pubescent한 것, water-wettable한 것을 선정했고 이들 각각에 대한 일본형 품종과 통일형(Indica$\times$Japonica) 품종을 1개씩 공시하였으며, 공시품종들의 분얼기 및 출수기에 엽표면 wax를 chloroform으로 추출하고 그 양 및 화학적 조성을 TLC, GLC 및 FTIR로 분석했으며, 그 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼의 엽표면 wax는 chloroform을 용매로 추출할 때 대체로 엽표면 wax 전체에 대해 균등하게 작용하며 wax 소편의 일부 및 첨예한 부분을 많이 용해시키나 상온에서 chloroform이 엽전면에 균일하게 접촉하고 wax 이외 물질을 유출하지 않기 위해서 벼 잎을 5분이내 침지함이 적당했지만 5분간 추출로도 엽면적 wax 전량을 추출하지는 못하였다. 2. 공시 품종들의 엽표면 wax는 대부분 소편장(platelet)으로 엽표면에 축적되어 있고 품종에 따라 wax축적의 조밀성이 달랐는데 Glabrous 품종이 제일 치밀했고 Long-hairy 품종, Pubescent 품종들이 그 다음으로 치밀했으며, Water-wettable 품종들은 wax 소편들이 적고 엉성하여 큐티클층 노출이 많았다. 또한 잎의 전면과 이면간 wax 축적은 품종에 관계없이 이면보다 전면이 더 치밀하였다. 3. Chloroform으로 5분씩 2회 침출한 엽표면 wax의 양은 벼품종간 차이보다 생육시기간 차이가 컸는데, 분얼기는 0.8~1.8 mg / g f.w. 수준, 출수기에는 1.7~3.6 mg / g. f.w. 수준으로 출수기에 불얼기보다 2~3배 정도 더 많았다. 4. 벼 엽표면 wax의 화학조성은 TLC상에서 크게 7성분으로 분리 동정되었는데 ketone류는 확인할 수 없었고 diol류, fatty alcohol류, fatty acid류, fatty aldehyde류, fatty ester류, 포화와 불포화 hydrocarbon류 등이 확인되었다. 5. 엽표면 wax의 TLC상의 화학조성은 벼품종간보다 생육시기별로 달랐는데 분얼기는 극성 성분인 diol, fatty acid, fatty alcohol류들을 확인할 수 없었지만 출수기에는 이들과 비극성 성분인 fatty aldehyde, fatty ester, 포화 및 불포화 hydrocarbon류를 확인할 수 있었다. 6. 벼 엽표면 wax를 이루고 있는 조성을 화학성분별로 탄소수면에서 보면 diol류는 C30 단일물질로, fatty alcohol류중 primary인 경우 C13과 C32가 주종이었고 secondary는 C14, C16, C30으로 구성되어 있었으며, aldehyde류는 C29-C34까지 비교적 비슷한 비율로 분포되어 있었다. Fatty ester중 acid 부위는 aldehyde 부위보다 저탄소수분포를 보였고 주로 C22, C23이었고, alcohol류는 C13, C22, C24, C26 등으로 품종에 따라 다른 구성을 보였다. Hydrocarbon류는 품종과 생육시기에 관계없이 탄소수가 홀수인 물질이었으며 주로 C29와 C31이었다.

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Quinclorac이 답후작(畓後作) 작물(作物)과 가지과(科) 식물(植物)의 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Quinclorac on Early Growth of Follow-up Crops of Paddy Rice and Solanaceae)

  • 신현원;심상인;이상각;강병화
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 1995
  • 본 실험은 토양잔류(土壤殘留)로 인하여 답후작(畓後作) 작물(作物)에 피해가 있어 사용에 문제점이 있는 quinclorac이 후작물(後作物)에 대한 약해(藥害)의 정도와 약해(藥害)가 발생하는 농도(濃度)를 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 후작물(後作物) 중 보리, 참외, 토마토, 가지, 배추 등의 작물 중 보리에 대한 약해(藥害)는 작았으나 가지과의 가지와 토마토는 약해(藥害)가 심하게 나타났다. 이중 토마토는 quinclorac을 토괴(土壞)에 처리한 경우 10ppb 이하의 농도(濃度)에서는 초장(草長), 근장(根長), 과실수(果實數), 과실생체중(果實生體重) 등이 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도(濃度)에서는 감소가 일어났다. 특히 약서(藥書)는 영양기관(營養器官)보다 생식기관(生殖器官)에서 크게 나타났다. 대조식물(對照植物)로서 이용한 토마토와 같은 가지과(科)의 독말풀과 까마중도 역시 quinclorac에 의한 피해가 커 quinclorac은 종특이적(種特異的)인 약해(藥害)를 나타내는 것으로 사료되었다. Quinclorac에 의한 피해를 받은 식물체(植物體)는 엽내(葉內) 엽연소(葉緣素)의 함량(含量)은 감소하였고, 100ppb이상의 농도에서 가용성단백질(可溶性蛋白質)의 함량(含量)도 감소하였다. 그러나 가용성당(可溶性糖)의 함량(含量)은 quinclorac의 농도(濃度)가 증가함에 따라서 증가되었다.

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뽕잎 분말 첨가 쌀 파스타 제조의 최적화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Optimization of Rice Pasta with Addition of Mulberry Leaf Powder)

  • 송은주;김기쁨;이광석;최수근
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.286-296
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 쌀로 만든 생 파스타 제조시 약이성 재료인 뽕잎 분말을 첨가하여 기능성 파스타로써 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 예비 실험을 거쳐 강력분 40 g과 쌀가루 60 g에 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%의 뽕잎 분말을 쌀 파스타에 첨가하여 제조한 후 기계적 검사(수분 함량, 색도, 텍스쳐, 인장)와 관능검사(정량적 묘사 분석, 기호도 검사)를 실시하였다. 뽕잎가루 첨가군은 첨가량이 증가할수록 생면 쌀 파스타의 수분 함량이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 색도는 뽕잎 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도와 적색도는 유의적(p<0.001)으로 낮아졌고, 황색도는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 뽕잎 분말을 첨가한 쌀 파스타의 숙면 경도(hardness)는 시료 간에 유의적인 차이를 보였고, 부착성(adhesiveness), 씹힘성(chewiness)은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 생면의 인장 길이 (tension distance)는 MRP 0.5(4.73)가 가장 높았는데, 이는 뽕잎 분말의 수분 함량이 적기 때문에 뽕잎가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 인장 길이가 감소되는 것으로 사료된다. 인장 강도(tension force)는 MRP 0.5(34.47)로 가장 컸으며, 뽕잎가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 인장 강도가 감소하였다. 조리면의 인장 길이(tension distance)는 뽕잎 분말은 첨가하지 않은 CON이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으나, 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 인장 강도(tension force)는 유의적(p<0.001)인 차이를 보였다. 정량적 묘사 분석 결과, 뽕잎가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 뽕잎의 색, 풋내, 고소한 냄새, 쓴맛, 깔깔한 맛은 강하게 윤기와 쫀득한 정도는 약하게 평가되었고, 기호도 검사 결과, 색, 냄새, 텍스쳐, 전체적인 기호도에서 MRP 1.5가 가장 기호도가 높았다. 따라서 적절한 뽕잎의 첨가는 전체적인 기호도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 뽕잎가루 1.5%, 첨가시 쌀 파스타의 관능적 및 기계적인 품질 특성의 향상이 가능한 가장 적절한 첨가 수준이라고 사료된다.

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