• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

The effect of soybean meal and barley supplementation of the utilization of rice straw was investigated. Balance trials were conducted with three Japanese Corriedale wethers fed rice straw supplemented with soybean meal and barley at three different levels of protein: low (40 g CP/d, LCP), medium (67 g/d, MCP) and high (94 g/d, HCP). In addition, all the supplements were formulated to contain the same amount of TDN (275 g/d). Voluntary intake of rice straw was not affected by any supplementation, while digestibility of organic matter in sheep given HCO diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those on LCP diet. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibilities of MCP and HCP diets were significantly improved (p<0.05) over the LCP diet. Average daily gain of the animals under MCP and HCP diets were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those under LCP diet. Differences of rumen pH among the treatments were not significant, while concentration of rumen $NH_3-N$ was significantly higher (p<0.05) for HCP diet than for LCP and MCP diets. Total volatile fatty acids ($VFA_s$) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed MCP and HCP diets than those fed LCP diet, while plasma total protein concentration was not affected by any supplementation. Sheep fed MCP diet had a higher nitrogen retention than those fed LCP and HCP diets. It was concluded that rice straw was utilized better by sheep when SBM and barley were supplemented at the medium level of protein.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.177-187
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• 1972

곡식의 혼합비율은 백미에 보리쌀과 밀쌀을 각각 15%, 30%, 45%의 비례로 혼합하였고 비교군으로써 순백미군과 20% sugar casein diet를 두어서 총 8 group 으로 나누었다. 흰쥐 생후 $45{\pm}5$ 일(日) 된 albino rat로써 initial body weight 가 male이 $58{\pm}2\;g$, female이 $62{\pm}2\;g$ 이 되는 80 마리의 쥐를 8 군으로 하여서 한 군에(female 5, male 5)씩 나누어서 총 14주일 사육하였다. 성장율, 식이섭취량, F.E.R. P.E.R. 를 비교하여 보면 순백미 또는 백미에 보리를 혼합한 군보다 백미에 밀쌀을 섞은 군이 더 좋은 성장율과 F.E.R. 및 P.E.R. 을 나타내 주었다. 이와 같은 경향은 male군인 경우 female군보다 더 현저하나 nitrogen retention 에 역시 밀쌀 혼합군이 백미군이나 백미에 보리쌀을 혼합한 군보다 현저히 우수함을 볼 수 있으며 몸무게 증가와 밀접한 관계를 지니고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 곡류 diet 에서 배설된 nitrogen 중 $10{\sim}20%$가 변으로 배설되는 반면 표준군인 경우 nitrogen 이 거의 urine 으로 배설됨을 볼 수 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 곡류식인 경우는 함유된 단백질이 동물성 단백질식이에 비해 소화흡수되는 율이 저조하다. 혈청내 glucose 는 몸무게 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. cholesterol 은 표준군이 곡류 diet 보다 total cholesterol 함량이 감소했으나 esterified cholesterol 과 free cholesterol 의 비에서 보면 곡류식이군이 표준군보다 높았다. 본 연구에서는 nitrogen 의 배설 상태 및 몸무게증가현상으로 미루어 밀쌀 혼합군이 보리쌀 혼합군보다는 우수하다는 결론을 지을 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.545-548
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• 1992

Twelve indigenous buffalo heifers were grouped into 3 and were supplied with following diets-urea-ensiled rice straw + wheat bran + green grass (A); rice straw soaked in urea-water + wheat bran + green grass (B); and untreated straw + wheat bran + green grass (C); so that each group received any one diet. Total dry matter intake was highest in animals on diet C and lowest on B. However, straw DM intake was highest in animals on silage diet and lowest on untreated straw diet. Organic matter and crude fibre digestibility of silage and soaked straw diets were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of untreated straw diet. Although the values were lower with soaked straw diet than on silage diet and soaked straw diet were significantly (p < 0.01) higher, however, the value for silage diet was not significantly different from that of soaked straw diet.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early diet dilution with 40% rice hull on growth performance, carcass characteristic and composition of meat-type ducks, and to reveal the possible mechanism for decreased body fat deposition. 160 1-day-old White Peking ducks with initial body weight of $44.5{\pm}1.0$ g were allotted to two treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 10 ducks per pen (5 male and 5 female). Ducks were fed with the experimental starter diets diluted with 0% (control, RH0), 40% rice hull (RH40) during 8 to 14 d of age, respectively. Thereafter, all ducks were fed with grower diet. Ducks fed with RH40 diet from 8 to 14 d of age increased (p<0.05) feed intake, decreased (p<0.05) body weight, body weight gain and adjusted feed intake (excluded rice hull), abdominal fat, skin with fat, and fat content in carcass, and reduced (p<0.05) activities of hepatic malic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase. When diet dilution was withdrawn in the re-fed period from 15 to 42 d of age, full compensatory growth of body weight, breast meat and leg meat weight were attained. However, ducks were still less (p<0.05) carcass fat content and showed continually lower (p<0.05) hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities at the market age in RH40 ducks than the control. These results indicated that diluting diet with 40% rice hull during 8 to 14 d of age might be a suitable method to improve feed efficiency, and to reduce carcass fat deposition in the production of meat-type ducks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1975

The effect of dietary restriction was obserbed in Albino rats. Dietary restriction was at 2 levels: 10%, 20%, 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged $30{\sim}40$ days were devided into following 6 groups, 5 rats each. 1 group; rice standard group 2 group; 10% restriction of rice standard 3 group; 20% restriction of rice standard 4 group; 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage group 5 group; 10% restriction of 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage 6 group; 20% restriction of 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 7 weeks. The results of this study were elucidated as follow. 1. Final body weight was not obserbed any significant differences between non-restriction group and 10% restriction group, but 20% restriction group revealed the decrease of body weight. 2. According to dietary restriction, final organ weight was almost decreased in the restriction group of rice+chinese cabbage, and in rice standard group, there were no significants differences between none-restriction group and 10% restriction group, but organ weight was sharply decreased such as Liver, Heart, Kidney, Adrenal, Spleen in 20% restriction group. Sex organ weight of female was increased but weight of male was decreased in 20% restriction group of rice standard group. 3. The result of biochemical analysis such as nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, glucose of urine, feces, and serum, and lipid of feces and liver, was not revealed any significant diffences, but in 20% restriction group, urinary glucose and serum glucose levels were somewhat decreased, and liver nitrogen level was increased. 4. Therefore there is no effect on albino rats by 10% restricted diet. It can be concluded that it is possible to restrict the diet within 10%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacing corn with Chinese brown rice on performance and apparent fecal digestibility of nutrients in weanling pigs. Seventy-two cross-bred (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) weanling pigs, weighing an average of $7.38{\pm}0.06kg$, were randomly assigned to either a corn-soybean meal diet (treatment 1), a corn-brown ricesoybean meal diet (treatment 2) and a brown rice-soybean meal diet (treatment 3). The brown rice used in this experiment was husked from one kind of early, long grain, non-glutinous rice (ELGNR, indica rice). The growth performance of weanling pigs in the experiment was similar during weeks 1 and 2, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better in treatment 2 during weeks 3 and 4. During week 2, only the digestibility of organic matter in treatments 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that in treatment 1. During week 4, the digestibility of gross energy, ether extract, organic matter and dry matter in brown rice treatment, especially in treatment 3, were significantly higher than in treatment 1. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of serum urea nitrogen of pigs in treatment 2 was lower than that in treatment 1 and 3 and no difference was found in serum glucose and phosphorus. It could be concluded from this experiment that replacing 50% of corn with brown rice in the corn-soybean meal diet caused no negative effects to weanling pig performance, and apparent fecal digestibility was unaffected. It is feasible to replace corn with brown rice in weanling pig diets in southern China.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

A total of six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large$ White, $44.17{\pm}1.94kg$ BW) were housed conducted to evaluate apparent fecal digestibilities of Brown Rice (BR) as an alternative energy source in growing pigs. Pigs were housed individually on metabolism crate on the basis of body weight. Four treatments contained: 1) 100% of corn-soybean meal (C100; Control diet), 2) 75% of corn-soybean meal diet plus 25% of corn meal (C25), 3) 100% of brown rice-soybean meal diet (BR100), 4) 75% of brown rice-soybean meal diet plus 25% of brown rice meal (BR25). Brown rice has an excellent gross energy and crude protein composition compared to corn. The BR used had 3,801 kcal of gross energy/kg, 8.0% crude protein, 2.6% of ether extract, 0.035% calcium and 0.35% total phosphorus. The best digestibilities of energy (87.75%), DM (81.71%) and CP (78.57%) were observed in BR 100 group and the worst were found in Corn 25 group. The nutrient digestibility was not significantly different in most nutrients. Through this experiment, BR appeared a good alternative energy source that can replace corn yellow to 100% in growing pigs. Therefore, the price relationship between corn and BR may provide an excellent opportunity for pork producers to use BR in order to reduce feed costs provided that diet has been balanced for digestible amino acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2014

본 연구는 고서당식이에 첨가된 안정화미강이 혈당조절에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하여 향후 안정화미강 첨가 식품을 인체실험에 적용하는데 기초자료로서 이용되고자 하였다. 4주령의 수컷 C57BL/6 mice를 정상식이 대조군 (ND), 고서당식이 대조군 (HSD), 안정화미강 첨가 식이군 (HSD-SRB)으로 배정하였다. 안정화미강 첨가 식이는 선행연구에 근거하여 식이 중량의 20%로 설정하였다. 12주 동안 식이 섭취 후 혈당, 혈청 인슐린, 간 조직의 글리코겐, 혈청 아디포넥틴, 혈청 및 간 조직의 중성지방을 측정하였다. 그 결과 HSD군에 비해 HSD-SRB군에서 체중 및 부고환지방 무게를 감소하는 경향이 있었고 공복혈당과 혈당반응곡선면적을 감소하였다. 또한 안정화미강 첨가 식이를 섭취하였을 때 혈청 및 간의 중성지방 농도가 감소됨에 따라 인슐린 저항성과 췌장의 베타세포 기능을 개선한 것으로 제안한다. 이로써 고서당식이에 안정화미강을 20% 첨가하였을 때 혈당조절 개선효과 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 안정화미강을 첨가한 건강 지향적인 제품 개발과 이 제품을 인체에 적용하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

Cooked rice is a staple food for Koreans which provides more than 60% of daily required energy. In 1960's, Koreans ate 600 g-800 g of cooked rice per meal and the energy obtained from cooked rice was almost more than 80% of the daily intake of energy. However, as the economy of Korea improved, the major industry has been shifted from agriculture to various manufacturing industries and the export of those products has been increased thus increasing the national income but decreasing the farming population and thus rice consumption have been decreased. It has been said that the decreased rice consumption is caused solely by decreased farming population but it can also be said that the decreased farming population is caused by decreased rice consumption. As the national income increases, the type of foods people consume have become diversified. Various processed foods such as convenience food or ready-to-eat food have been widespread, which are mostly made of wheat flour rather than rice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 1984

This study was done to see effects of feeding a 77% polished or brown rice diet with corn oil, rice bran oil or butter on the lipid metabolism in weanling rats. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Food consumptions, body weight gains and tissue weights were not different among experimental groups. 2) Weights of daily fecal output and daily fecal excretions of total lipids, cholesterols, nitrogen and glucose were higher in brown rice groups than in polished rice groups. 3) Polished rice - rice bran oil group had the highest concentrations of total lipids and cholesterols in serum 4) Polished rice groups tended to have higher serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations than brown rice groups.