• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.464-469
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• 1997

Rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the effect of rice bran dietary fiber extract on gelatinization and retrogradation of wheat flour. The addition of rice bran dietary fiber extracts from various heat treated bran into wheat flour caused to increase the pasting temperature, peak viscosity and final viscosity of RVA measurements. For gelatinization measured with DSC, mixtures of wheat flour and rice bran dietary fiber extract had slightly higher To (onset temperature) and Tp (peak temperature) values than those of control (wheat flour), and wheat flour/defatted rice bran dietary fiber extract mixture had the lowest enthalpy value. In comparison with gelatinization, the retrogradation endotherm of mixtures stored at $4^{\circ}C$ up to 4 weeks occurred at about $20^{\circ}C$ lower temperatures than gelatinization endotherm with broader shape and well-defined thermograms with storage time. The retrogradation of wheat flour was retarded greatly by addition of rice bran dietary fiber extract, and there was no big difference between 5% and 10% additions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.424-429
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• 1996

Inhibitory mechanism of colored rice bran against cellular genotoxicity induced by chemical mutagen was studied using organic solvent extracts from a colored rice cultivar termed as Suwon415, and the mutagen, mitomycin C. Inhibitory effects of 70% ethanol extact and chloroform fraction from rice bran of Suwon415 were higher than those from Chuchung used as control. However, antioxidative activities of each fraction from Suwon415 were slightly lower than those from Chuchung, suggesting the involvement of a different inhibitory mechanism not related to antioxidation pathway. Using E. coli as the indicator cell, inhibitory mechanism of rice bran extract from colored rice against mutagenicity induced by mitomycin C was investigated to reveal the possibility that it acts in a desmutagenic manner. Further investigation to quantify the free mitomycin C in reaction mixture following incubation with rice bran extract demonstrated that rice bran extract might inhibit the cellular genotoxicity of mitomycin C by direct adsorption of the mutagen.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1885-1891
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a rice bran mixture extract (RBE) on Brucella abortus pathogenesis in professional (RAW 264.7) and nonprofessional (HeLa) phagocytes. We fermented the rice bran mixture and then extracted it with 50% ethanol followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the components in RBE. Our results clearly showed that RBE caused a significant reduction in the adherence of B. abortus in both cell lines. Furthermore, analysis of phagocytic signaling proteins by western blot assay revealed that RBE pretreatment resulted in inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, leading to decline of internalization compared with the controls. Additionally, the intensity of F-actin observed by fluorescence microscopy and FACS was remarkably reduced in RBE-pretreated cells compared with control cells. However, the intracellular replication of B. abortus within phagocytes was not affected by RBE. Taken together, these findings suggest that the phagocytic receptor blocking and suppressive effects of RBE on the MAPK-linked phagocytic signaling pathway could negatively affect the invasion of B. abortus into phagocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2013

Forty two Malpura lambs (21 d old) were divided into three groups of 14 each consisting of 8 females and 6 males. Lambs were allowed to suckle their respective dams twice daily up to weaning (13 wks) and offered free choice concentrate and roughage in a cafeteria system. The lambs in control group were fed conventional concentrate mixture, in RBO group concentrate mixture fortified with 4% industrial grade rice bran oil and in Ca-soap rice bran oil (as in RBO group) was supplemented in the form of calcium soap. The concentrate intake decreased($p{\leq}0.05$) in RBO group as a result total dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake decreased compared to control whereas Ca-soap prepared from the same rice bran oil stimulated the concentrate intake leading to higher total dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes. The digestibility of dry matter ($p{\leq}0.05$), organic matter ($p{\leq}0.05$) and crude protein ($p{\leq}0.05$) was higher in RBO group followed by Ca-soap and control whereas no effect was observed for ether extract digestibility. Higher cholesterol ($p{\leq}0.05$) content was recorded in serum of oil supplemented groups (RBO and Ca-soap) while no effect was recorded for other blood parameters. Rice bran oil as such adversely affected and reduced the body weight gain ($p{\leq}0.001$) of lambs in comparison to control whereas the Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in lambs. Fat supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acids ($p{\leq}0.05$) and individual volatile fatty acid concentration which increased at 4 h post feeding. Fat supplementation also reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) total protozoa count. Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved pre slaughter weight ($p{\leq}0.05$) and hot carcass weight ($p{\leq}0.05$). It is concluded from the study that rice bran oil in the form of calcium soap at 40 g/kg of concentrate improved growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality as compared to rice bran oil as such and control groups.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2015

In this study, we used the mixture made from the Rice bran 45 ㎏, Dendropanax 5 ㎏, the sugar of the 10% of the total weight, and the enzyme of the 0.1% of the total weight. After the mixture were fermented for 90 days under 20 $^{\circ}C$, we measured the cell viability and the inhibition rate of the melanin biosynthesis, the activity of tyrosinase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in malignant melanoma, B16F10 cells, in order to survey the whitening effect and the mechanism of the effects on the sample. As a result, the samples significantly suppressed the cell viability of B16F10 in more than 500 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖ and significantly inhibited the generation of melanin induced by ${\alpha}$-MSH in more than 1,000 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖. Sample decreased the activity of tyrosinase while increased the activity of SOD in dose dependent manner. Therefore, we considered that the fermentation extract made from a Rice bran and Dendropanax will be able to produce high value-added products, if used as a commercial.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2023

This study was conducted to provide basic data on the antioxidant activity, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of a mixture of Brassica juncea extract (BJE) and fermented black rice fraction (BRF). We investigated the total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant effects (DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, FRAP and ORAC assay) and anti-obesity activity of the mixture in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results showed that the total phenol and flavonoid content increased with increasing BRF mixture ratio. The antioxidant activity increased as the BRF mixture ratio increased. In addition, BJE and BRF mixtures did not show any cytotoxicity during the 3T3-L1 differentiation period. During adipocyte differentiation, BJE and BRF mixtures significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and ROS production compared to the control group. These results warrant further experiments to develop an anti-obesity functional food using a mixture of BJE and BRF.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.71-81
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• 1968

Defatted rice bran is mixed with diluted acid solution, the mixture is agitated some hrs. at constant temparature. After the mixture is filtered, thus filtrate is obtained. This filtrate is phytin extract solution. (Test-1) The alkali is added to this filtrate and filtered out, then the precipitation of phytin is obtained. (Test-2) At the test-1, the effect of kind of acid, conc. of acid, amount of extract sol'n., time of extraction, temp. of extraction, to the extract amount of phytin is tested. Consequently, the following facts are known. 1. Amount of phytin extract is greater HCI extraction than $H_{2}SO_4$ extraction. 2. At 0.3% HCI, the amount of phytin extract is greatest of all HCl extraction. 3. The sufficient amount of acid solution is 8-10 times of amount of defatted rice bran. 4. The time of extraction at room temperature is sufficient 8-12 hrs. 5. When extract temperature is $20-30^{\circ}C$, the amount of phytin extraction is greater of all temp. 6, When defatted rice bran 20 g is shanken with 160 ml of 0.3% HCl for 10 hr. at room temp., in this case the amount of phytin extract is 11.34% of defatted rice bran, it is 93% of theoretical yield. At the test-2 the effect of kind of precipitation agent, degree of nutralization to the amount of phytin prcipitation is tested. 1. Degree of nut. is best at pH 6.8-7.0. 2. When use of $Ca(OH)_2$ the amount of phytin precipitation is more than use of KOH, NaOH, or $NH_{4}OH$. 3. At pH 6.0-7.2, the solubility of phytin is followed. K-phytate > $NH_{4}-phytate$ > Na-phytate > Ca-phytate 4. When phytin extract solution is nutralized with $Ca(OH)_2$ to pH 7.0, the amount of phytin precipitation is 94.78% of theoretical yield.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of dried and ground foliage of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) on feed intake and utilization, and production performance of crossbred lactating cows. Methods: Eighteen lactating crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) cows (body weight $330.93{\pm}10.82kg$) at their second and mid lactation (milk yield $6.77{\pm}0.54kg/d$) were randomly divided into three groups of six each in a completely randomized block design. Three supplements were formulated by quantitatively replacing 0, 50, and 100 per cent of dietary wheat bran of concentrate mixture with dried and ground foliage of black gram. The designated supplement was fed to each group with basal diet of rice straw (ad libitum) to meet the requirements for maintenance and milk production. Daily feed intake and milk yield was recorded. A digestion trial was conducted to determine the total tract digestibility of various nutrients. Results: The daily feed intake was increased (p<0.05) with the supplementation of black gram foliage. Although the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract did not vary (p>0.05), the fibre digestibility was increased (p<0.05), which ultimately improved (p<0.05) the total digestible nutrients content of composite diet. Although, the average milk yield (kg/animal/d) and composition did not differ (p>0.05) among the groups, milk yield was increased by 10 per cent with total replacement of wheat bran in concentrate mixture with of black gram foliage. The economics of milk production calculated as feed cost per kg milk yield (INR 10.61 vs 7.98) was reduced by complete replacement of wheat bran with black gram foliage. Conclusion: Black gram foliage could be used as complete replacement for wheat bran in concentrate mixture of dairy cows in formulating least cost ration for economic milk production in small holders' animal production.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2018

This study was to investigate the optimal condition of mixture ratio for development of functional food ingredient from Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. First, $^{\circ}Brix$ was measured along with extraction time. Five kinds of mixtures of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) were extracted in $95^{\circ}C$ water over a one-hour period and the extraction yield was evaluated. We further evaluated ${\beta}-glucan$ content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. As a result, both Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran showed a constant $^{\circ}Brix$ after 45 minutes of extraction time. The content of ${\beta}-glucan$ was highest in the Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran mixture with a ratio of 3:7. As the ratio of rice bran increased in all mixtures, the antioxidant capacity also increased. In conclusion, to create a functional food ingredient the optimal mixing ratio of Sarcodon aspratus to rice bran is 3:7.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1990

The cultural characteristics and some factors such as nutrient sources and supplements effecting on mycelial growth and density were investigated to study the possibility of an artificial cultivation of P. cocos. The optimum pH for P. cocos was 4.0-4.5. The optimal growth temperature ranged from $25^{\circ}C$ to $29^{\circ}C$. Myceial growth of P. cocos was better in SPD than PD media. Adding the nurient sources such as dextrose, yeast and potato infusion to pine extract media practically stimulated the mycelial growth and density of P. cocos comparing to pine extract media alone. When P. cocos was cultured on sawdust media added 3 different supplements composed of corn meal, rice bran and wheat bran, corn meal was the best and its percentage was 30 (w/w) for mycelial growth. On culturing in sawdust media added by varying the mixture ratio of them, the media mixed corn meal and wheat bran (3:1, w/w) supported more vigours for mycelial growth. In inoculation test to pine stem, the fungal growth was good in under or inside pine bark and xylem, but the sclerotium was not observed in the stem. Mycelial growth was also observed in central part of pine stem by cross section.