• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise promotes energy producing pathways requiring thiamin and riboflavin as a coenzyme. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of regular exercise training on urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. MATERIALS/METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The rats performed moderate exercise on a treadmill (0.5-0.8 km/hour) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected at the end of the 0 week, $3^{rd}$ week, and $5^{th}$ week of training and thiamin and riboflavin were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences in thiamin and riboflavin intakes for each week were observed between the NT and ET groups. Urinary thiamin excretion of each group was the highest at the $5^{th}$ week compared to the levels at 0 and $3^{rd}$ week. Urinary thiamin at the $5^{th}$ week was significantly lower in the ET group than in the NT group. Urinary riboflavin excretion was increased by training duration, however, no difference was observed between NT and ET for each week. At 0 and $3^{rd}$ week, no significant relationships were observed between dietary intake and urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin, however, at the $5^{th}$ week, urinary excretion was significantly increased by dietary intake only in the NT group (P < 0.05). Thiamin excretion of both NT and ET groups was significantly increased with riboflavin excretion at the $5^{th}$ week (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Regular moderate exercise training increased urinary excretion of thiamin. Dietary intakes and urinary excretions of thiamin and riboflavin showed positive correlation in both the exercise training and non-exercise training groups as the exercise training period went by, while the correlations in the exercise training group were weaker than those in the non-exercise training group. Therefore, regular exercise training can alter the urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin in rats.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.485-501
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics and dietary intake of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years according to the frequency of milk consumption. Methods: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for the study. The study examined adolescents' (12~18 years) demographic characteristics (house income level, residence region, skipping or not-skipping of breakfast/lunch/dinner, eating-out frequency), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient intakes through quantitative and qualitative evaluation using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of 3 groups (< 1/week, 1~6/week, ≥ 1/day) according to the frequency of milk consumption. Results: There were significant differences in gender and income levels among the 3 groups. There were no differences in height, weight, and weight status among groups. There were differences in biochemical characteristics and nutrient intake. In boys, there were differences in the mean of BUN and HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among 3 groups. In girls, there were differences in the mean of blood urea nitrogen, creatine, HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among the 3 groups. Conclusions: In Korean adolescents, boys had a higher frequency of milk consumption than girls, and higher the income level, higher the frequency of milk consumption. Consumption of milk appeared to have a positive association with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and indices related to muscle mass. Regular consumption of milk is an important factor in enhancing the intake of riboflavin, calcium, and phosphorus, which adolescents lack. The results of the study indicate a need to prepare an environment and education program to increase milk consumption in adolescents at home and school.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B intake on biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and blood glucose control, that are important in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Seventy-six adults (42 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of diabetes patients who had visited the medical center for treatment. Data on anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆ and folate were collected using 24-hour diet recall and the CAN Pro 4.0 program. Also, data on clinical indices such as serum lipids, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were collected and analyzed for correlation with dietary vitamin B intake. Results from the dietary intake survey showed that riboflavin and folate intake (in males) and folate intake (in females) were below the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between hs-CRP and dietary intake of B vitamins. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure after adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, ingestion of diabetes mellitus medication and energy intake (p<0.05). Our results suggest that dietary vitamin B may influence inflammation and consequently may help in better management of type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2022

리보플라빈 (비타민 B₂)은 한국인에게 섭취 부족의 우려가 있는 비타민으로서 에너지 대사를 포함한 산화/환원 반응의 조효소로서 작용한다. 적절한 섭취수준을 평가하는 방법으로는 적혈구에서의 리보플라빈 농도나 EGRAC, 혹은 소변의 리보플라빈 농도를 측정하는 것이다. 적혈구 리보플라빈 수준은 400 nmol/L (15 ㎍/100 mL) 이상을 적정수준, 270 nmol/L (10 ㎍/100 mL) 이하를 결핍으로 하거나 EGRAC 값이 1.2 이하인 경우 적정수준, 1.4이상이면 결핍으로 판정한다. 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 개정 시 19-64세 성인의 2020 리보플라빈 평균필요량은 남자 1.3 mg/d, 여자 1.0 mg/d로 설정되었으며, 64-74세 남자 1.2 mg/d, 여자 0.9 mg/d, 75세 이상 남자 1.1 mg/d, 여자 0.8 mg/d로 성인 보다 낮게 설정되었다. 2020 국민건강영양조사 결과 19세 이상 우리나라 성인의 리보플라빈 평균 섭취량은 1.69 mg/d이며, 권장섭취량 대비 124.9% 였고, 보충제 섭취자들의 보충제로부터의 리보플라빈 섭취량은 평균 10.26 mg/d로 식품으로부터 섭취하는 1.50 mg에 비해 약 6.8배 높은 수준이었다 [18]. 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준에서 연령별, 성별 리보플라빈 권장섭취량은 각 생애주기 구간별 평균필요량에 변이계수 10%를 적용하여 평균필요량의 120% 수준으로 설정되었다 리보플라빈의 대표적 식품 급원으로는 유제품, 난류, 육류, 가금류와 생선류의 동물성 식품과 두류, 녹색채소류, 곡류 등이 있으며 2020 국민건강영양조사에 따르면 한국인의 리보플라빈 급원 식품으로 기여도가 높은 식품은 달걀, 라면, 돼지고기, 우유, 간장, 쇠고기, 배추김치, 닭고기, 고추가루, 시리얼 순이다. 최근 리보플라빈의 경우 비타민 보충제 외에도 다양한 건강기능성 식품섭취로 인해 보충제를 섭취하는 사람들의 경우 보충제로부터의 섭취수준이 식품으로부터의 섭취량을 훨씬 초과하고 있어 리보플라빈 영양상태 평가 시 보충제로부터 섭취하는 수준에 대한 평가가 향후 반드시 필요하다. 또한 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 개정에서는 만성 질환 예방에 대한 부분은 아직 과학적 증거의 불충분으로 고려되지 않았으나 향후 만성질환과 관련된 역학연구 및 중재연구가 더 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2002

This study was done to evaluate the nutritional status and the desirable time and period for making dietary records in male high school Taekwondo athletes. Nutrient and flood intake was investigated using dietary record method during usual training (UT, for 29 days) and special training (ST, for 17 days) periods in nine Taekwondo athletes. Nutrient intake by 7-d and 3-d dietary record were compared to the standard nutrient intake, which was computed from dietary record during total period of UT or ST. Total mean energy intake was 2278 kcal, 84% of RDA, and mean intakes of riboflavin, Ca and Fe were less than 77% of RDA. Mean intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, and P decreased during ST (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Mean intakes of vegetables and grains ware the highest in the two periods and following were beverages and instant floods in UT, and meats and fruits in ST. During ST, mean intakes of mushrooms, meats and their products, and instant floods decreased, and sugars and sweets increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The contribution of grains and their products, instant floods, and meats and their products to mean intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat were high. In snacks, the contribution of instant floods, breads and confections and beverages was high. During UT, cholesterol intake at weeks 1 and 3, and intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin at week 4 by 7-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Intakes of VA, Ca and Fe at week 1, and intakes of carbohydrates, cholesterol rind crude fiber at week 4 by 3-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). During ST, VC intake at week 5, and energy intake from carbohydrate and cholesterol intake at week 6 by 7-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Cholesterol intake at week 7, and energy intake from carbohydrates and fat, and intakes of protein, fat, cholesterol and riboflavin by 3-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 o. p < 0.01). In conclusion, empty-calorie floods can be a main source of diet and snacks for Taekwondo athletes, and education about desirable nutrients and floods intakes is needed to help them control their weight. When investigating the nutritional status of Taekwondo athletes in the future, the 7-day or 3-day dietary record is desirable provided they are conducted in the milddle of each period artier distinguishing UT from ST period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.126-133
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• 1980

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutritional status of special working persons related to health status, nutrient intake and living environment. The survey was conducted on workers in 9 general hospitals and 2 factories from Nov. 24 in 1979 to Jan. 20 in 1980. Nurses, medical doctors on intership or residency, and factory workers were chosen as subjects because of their irregular working hours, i.e., they sometimes work during the day and. sometimes at night. The total number of subjects was 417 for nurses, for medical doctors was 91, and was 216 for factory workers, all together 724 subjects were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Average nutrient intake of subjects per day. For nurses the caloric intake was 1743 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 251g(57.6%), protein 81g (18.5%), and fat 46g (23.9%). Other nutrient intake, such as iron (16mg), thiamin (0.98mg), riboflavin (1mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For male medical doctors, the caloric intake was 2064 Kcal, This was composed of carbohydrate 288g (55.8%), protein 102g (19.8%) and fat 56g (24.4%). Other nutrient consumption, such as riboflavin (1.31mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female medical doctors, the caloric intake was 1909 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 156g(53.7%), protein 90g (18.9%) and fat 58g (27.4%). For male factory workers, caloric intake was 1699 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 317g(74.5%), protein 64g (15.0%) and fat 20g(10.5%). Other nutrient intake, such as vitamin A (4765IU), ascorbic acid (46mg) and riboflavin (1.11mg) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female factory workers, the caloric intake was 1630 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 287g (70.5%), protein 65g (15.8%) and fat 25g (13.7%). Other nutrient consumption, such as iron (15mg), riboflavin (1.04mg), ascorbic acid (42mg), and vitamin A (4334IU) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. The percentage of animal protein to total protein was 65.2% in nurses, 67.4% in male medical doctors, 64.9% in female medical doctors, 38.6% in male factory workers, and 45.6% in female factory workers. 2) The average Kaup's value of subjects was 1.9 in nurses, 2.2 in male mcdical doctors, 1.9 in female medical doctors, 2.0 in male factory workers, and 2.1 in female factory workers. 3) The health status of subjects according to their self diagnosed answer was as follows; The percentage of food health was 82. 7% in nurse, 82.7% in nurse, 83.5% in medical doctor, and 56% in factory workers. The remainder answered that they were in poor health.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1991

우리나라 젊은 여성의 리보플라빈 영양상태를 평가하기 위하여 광주시에 거주하는 젊은 여성 8명을 대상으로 3주간의 식이섭취조사와 임상검사를 실시하고 EGRAC를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 실험 대상자의 평균연령은 22.1세였으며 신장은 154.4cm, 체중은 49.2kg, 흉위는 81.2cm, 상완 하부, 견갑골 하부 및 복부 피부두께의 합은 79.5mm, BMI는 20.6이었다. Hb함량은 13.0g/100ml, Hct 치는 44.0%, A/G ration는 1.4, GOT, GPT 및 alkaline phosphatase활성은 각각 14, 11.0 및 6.5로서 혈액학적 및 임상적으로 이상이 없었다. 에너지, 단백질 및 리보플라빈의 1일 평균 섭취량은 각각 1745kcal, 56.1g 및 1.14mg으로 한국인 영양 권장량에 비해 낮았다. 리보플라빈의 주요 급원 식품은 우유로서 27.7%의 리보플라빈의 주요 급원 식품은 우유로서 27.7%의 리보플라빈이 우유로부터 공급되었고, 기타 달걀, 배추, 쌀, 쇠고기 등의 순으로 기여도가 높았다. ERGAC는 평균 1.2784이었으며 ERGAC는 1.20이상으로 생화학적인 리보플라빈 결핍상태인 대상자는 62.5%이었다. 이들에게 1일 6mg의 리보플라빈을 1주간 투여한 결과 ERGAC는 모두 1.20이하로 감소되었다. 에너지, 단백질 리보플라빈 섭취량은 상호간에 고도의 유의적인 정상관을 보였고, 이들은 모두 EGRAC와 유의적인 부적상관을 보였다. 그러나 에너지 섭취량 1,000kcal를 단위로 나타낸 리보플라빈 섭취량은 에너지 섭취량과는 유의적인 부적상관을 보인 반면 단백질 섭취량과는 상관을 보이지 않았고 EGRAC와도 유의적인 상관을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 한국인 은 여성의 리보프랄빈 영양상태를 생화학적 방법으로 평가한 결과 상당수가 결핍상태에 있음을 보여주었다. 또한 리보플라빈 섭취량은 에너지 및 단백질 섭취량과 고도의 유의적인 정상관을 가지므로 리보플라빈 섭취량을 늘리기 위해서는 에너지 또는 단백질섭취량을 증가시켜야 한다는 점이 시사되었다. 한편 에너지 섭취가 낮은 경우에 리보플라빈 섭취량에 특히 유의해야 한다는 점도 시사되었다. 시사되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 1992

노년기 여성들의 일상적인 활동상황과 그와 관련된 리보플라빈 생화학적 영양상태에 관한 연구하기 위해 일상적인 생활양식이 다른 대구 시내와 근교 농촌지역의 여자노인들의 활동상황 및 영양소 섭취량, 소변중 리보플라빈 배설량을 조사하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전체 조사대상노인들의 일일 리보플라빈 평균 섭취량은 0.92mg으로 권장량에 매우 미달되었다. 반면에 소변중 리보플라빈 평균 배설량은 $175.6\mu\textrm{g}/24hr$으로 영양불량 판정 기준치보다 높아 리보플라빈 생화학적 영양상태는 평균적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 전체 조사대상노인들의 연령이 증가할수록 활동강도(p<0.005), 에너지 소비량(p<0.005), 크레아티닌 배설량(p<0.005)은 상당히 유의하게 감소하였으며, 연령증가와 소변중 리보플라빈 배설량간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 소변중 리보플라빈 배설량은 에너지 소비량 및 활동강도와 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 리보플라빈 섭취량과도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 도시와 농촌여자노인들간에 리보플라빈 섭취량, 에너지 섭취량, 단백질 섭취량 등 식이섭취량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 에너지 소비량(p<0.005), 활동강도(p<0.005), 소변중 리보플라빈 배설량(p=0.053) 등은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 농촌 여자노인들의 경우 도시 여자노인들보다 에너지 소비량, 활동강도가 유의하게 많았던 반면 소변중 리보플라빈 배설량은 유의하게 낮았다. 따라서 리보플라빈 생화학적 영양상태는 활동량의 영향을 받았음을 알 수 있으며, 이는 활동량이 많을 경우 리보플라빈 섭취량을 증가시켜야함을 시사한다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.484-494
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• 2019

심혈관 질환의 위험 요인은 선천적으로 노화, 당 대사의 문제, 가족력과 성별이 있으며 생리학적 요인으로 고혈압, 혈청 콜레스테롤이 있다. 그 외 환경적 요인으로 흡연, 섭식, 스트레스 등이 있다. 본 연구는 최근 2013~2017년 국민건강영양조사 내용을 바탕으로 50세이상 남녀를 대상으로 한 건강설문조사와 검진조사를 이용하여 심혈관 질환의 위험 요인 및 유병률을 낮출 수 있는 방법을 연구하고자 하였다. 생리학적 요소와 영양성분 권장섭취 여부와의 상관성을 보기 위해 리보플라빈과 나이아신의 권장량을 확인하여 권장섭취군과 비권장섭취군으로 나눈 후 생리학적 요소변수와 분석하였다. 리보플라빈은 고혈압, 고혈당, 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤에서, 나이아신은 고혈압, 고혈당, 허리둘레, 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤에서, 둘을 복합적으로 보았을 때는 고혈압, 고혈당, 허리 둘레, 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤에서 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 결론적으로 리보플라빈, 나이아신의 권장섭취는 고혈당, 허리 둘레, HDL-콜레스테롤 등의 생리학적 요소에 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 이를 통해 심혈관 질환의 유병률을 낮출 수 있다. 이는 심혈관 질환의 위험율을 낮출 수 있는 가치 있는 연구로서 의의가 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1457-1467
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• 1998

The relationship between cognitive function and dietary patterns in Korean elderly women was investigated in this study. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall and cognitive function tests were performed in 170 elderly women aged over 60 years. Average age of the subjects was 71 years and the average number of family members was 3.3. Most of the subjects had less than seven years of education and their monthly income was much lower than the Korean average. Most of the subjects engaged in regular exercise and did not indulge in drinking and smoking. The average cognitive function score of the subjects was 58.4. Most of the subjects appeared to consume insufficient amount of food ; average intakes of energy, Ca, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than RDA for the elderly. Cognitive function score was positively related to education level and regularity of exercise. Also, cognitive function score had a strong relationship with food intake such as total amounts of foods, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, total animal food, fruit, bread and sugar. Energy, protein, Ca, p, riboflavin, and niacin were also shown to have positive relationships to cognitive function score, while carbohydrate caloric ratio had a negative relationship with cognitive function. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, factors that most influenced on cognitive function were education level and riboflavin intake. The subjects who had more than seven years of education had significantly higher cognitive function scores than those with no school education. And cognitive function scores f3r those who consumed more than 2/3 of the RDA for most nutrients were significantly higher than the ones fir the subjects who consumed less than 2/3 of the RDA. These results suggest that proper education and adequate nutrient intake in quantity and quality by achieving food diversity are essential in maintaining cognitive function in later life (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1457-1467, 1998)