• CELLMED
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3.1-3.2
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to consider the health and well-being of singing, an expression activity of language. There are also many studies in which singing activities have a positive effect on individual quality of life and social activities. Therefore, this study attempted to suggest that more effective singing is being performed by increasing empathy through various expressions of onomatopoeia and mimic words. Love Changbu Taryeong (愛倡夫打令) is Korea's traditional representative Gyeonggi folk song. It is a cheerful and lyrical folk song based on the five scale of Sol-ra-do-re-mi. It sings not only human joy, sorrow, and pleasure, but also natural phenomena and scenes. It is an exciting rhythm based mainly on the Gutgeori jangdan (rhythmic pattern, 12/8) but it is a rhythm that you can feel the sadness in it. In particular, various onomatopoeia and mimic words appear in this song, making you think about the fun of singing and the origin of the language. Therefore, this study attempted to examine that more effective singing is becoming more effective by increasing empathy through various expressions of onomatopoeia and mimic words. You can watch our singing activities on YouTube.(https://youtu.be/IhnBqWiK-3w?si=AAMi2BVes9mPShnr)

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2000

Objective : The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) pulsates within the craniospinal axis in response to rhythmic cerebral blood volume variation during the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study is to characterize the normal and abnormal CSF flow and its waveforms in the cervical spinal subarachnoid space. Methods : The magnetic resonance(MR) images were obtained with 1.5 T(GE Signa, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) unit using the 2 dimensional cine PC(phase contrast) sequence with cardiac gating and gradient recalled echo imaging. This pulse sequence yielded 16 quantitative flow-encoded images per cardiac cycle. Sagittal and axial images of the cervical spinal CSF space were obtained, and target sites were analyzed for characteristic CSF flow (TR=50ms, TE=12.5-15ms). The region of interest(ROI) was 1mm 3 in volume. Twenty six persons were included in this study : 10 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with cervical myelopathy. The post-operative cine MR study were also done in five patients. Results : The normal CSF pulsation dynamics in the cervical spine showed discrete systolic and diastolic components. The CSF flow revealed a sine wave pattern, in which the systolic phase was shorter than the diastolic phase(ratio=2 : 3). The patient group revealed decreased amplitudes of the CSF flow and irregularly distored flow waves. The systolic phase was elongated in the ROI above the stenotic level, whereas the diastolic phase was lengthened below the level. In the postoperative images, the abnormal pattern and amplitude were found to be corrected. Conclusion : From these results, the authors believe that the CSF flow study provides valuable informations regarding the extent of cervical stenosis and may be useful for the surgical planning and post-operative evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.796-809
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• 2014

This study identifies formativeness and the Korean consciousness of the vernacular design in a Korean designers' collection in order to discover the internal characteristics of vernacular expression elements. The study is based on a theoretical review and an analysis of cases collected from Korean fashion designers' clothes. Research is limited to international collections of clothes presented by Korean fashion designers since 2,000. The process of Korean vernacular designs in fashion were analyzed for formativeness in form, color, pattern and detail. The research findings identified formativeness and Korean's consciousness of modern fashion designs that reflect vernacular designs as follows. First, they are round, flexible line and shape based on assimilated with nature, rhythmic curve to express life force and asymmetry based on an ecstatic world based on nature. Second, a white color explained the pure mind and racial peculiarities in regards to the five colors that expressed the thinking of traditional rituals such as prayers for comfort of life and ancestor worship. Third, there were patterns around shape of nature, praying, and Korea culture. Finally, there were skills of Korean traditional handcrafts such as embroideries, knit-works, gold foils, and quilts where clothes expressed the hardship of life and strong willpower to overcome. In conclusion, the clothing of Korean vernacular designs contains characteristics such as natural beauty, decorativeness, shamanism, and eclecticism.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

A case study was conducted on the development of patient clothes designs at the Korea University Medical Center, in order to provide an example of patient clothes designs which meet the hospital identity and the demands of patients and nurses. In this study, we focused on general patient pajamas and one-piece gowns worn in the obstetrics and gynecology department. A scientific and systematic design approach consisting of the following four steps was conducted in the designing process: needs assessment, design direction establishment, design presentation, and final decision. For the first step, focused group interviews and a survey were conducted to identify the needs of the patients and nurses. According to the results of the first step, 3 fabric patterns with light, modern, rhythmic, modest and ordinary images were designed utilizing the university and hospital symbols and logotypes. Fixed forms with realistic and geometric characteristics and colors, including white, yellow, blue, grey, and pink were selected to deliver the preferred image. Each fabric pattern was made in male and female versions of the color sets. The following styles of patient clothes were made with the 3 fabric samples: general patient pajamas with a U-neckline, 9/10-length sleeves and ankle-length pants, a full-length sleeved gown with openings for breast-feeding, and a gown with a deep back-neckline and button fastening. Different sizing systems for males and females were recommended for the production.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2010

This single case study is to examine the gait parameter changes of a 12-year old patient with Cerebellar Astrocytomas using RAS in gait training program. Kinematic and temporospatial changes were analyzed using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. A total of nine RAS gait training sessions was provided and each training program took 30 minutes. Gait analysis revealed that the patient showed improvement in cadence, velocity, stride length, and step length and improved the range of joint movements by showing gait patterns similar to normal distribution from a pathological pattern. This study showed possibilities to apply the RAS technique to the various population including clients with cerebellum damaged; however more further research should be done in this area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.943-951
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• 2011

We investigated the effects of temperature changes on the oxygen consumption rhythm in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica, using an automatic intermittent flow respirometer (AIFR). The endogenous rhythm of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the eels (n = 18; 44-74 cm, 145-690 g), freshly collected by bag net from estuaries, was nearly synchronous with the tidal pattern of the estuarine collection site. The magnitude of mean OCR (mOCR) of eels showed variable range of 82.2 - 116.5 ml $O_2\;kg^{-1}ww \;h^{-1}$ under constant conditions. In case of increasing temperature from 25 to $38^{\circ}C$, the OCR of eels exhibited a gradually increasing trend with a rhythmic pattern until $36^{\circ}C$. Above $36^{\circ}C$ the rhythms of the OCR dampened and the OCR decreased rapidly at around $36-37^{\circ}C$. The OCR of the eels exhibited the maximum value at $38^{\circ}C$, and then it sharply decreased. The results suggested that the critical thermal maximum (CTM) regarding the endogenous rhythms of the eels was at around $36-37^{\circ}C$ when water temperature increased at $0.5^{\circ}C$/14 h following the acclimation at $25^{\circ}C$. In case of decreasing temperature ($0.5^{\circ}C$/14 h) from 25 to $0^{\circ}C$, the OCR of the eels displayed a abrupt decrease up to $23^{\circ}C$, and between at 23 and $20^{\circ}C$, there was an agitation which showed a slight increase in the OCR with a duration of 1-2 days. Below $9^{\circ}C$, the OCR rhythm of the eels showed a constant state regardless of temperature decreasing. These results suggest that the Japanese eel has an upper incipient lethal temperature at $36^{\circ}C$, with a lower thermal limit at $9^{\circ}C$. The biochemical aspects of the eels influenced by water temperature need to be further studied.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1990

We established HPLC method for MAs (mugineic acid and its analogous phytosiderophore) determination. It was found that major phytosiderophores existed in high heavy metal-induced rice roots were MA (mugineic acid) and DMA (2'-deoxymugineic acid). The two MAs (MA and DMA) were simultaneously secreted at maximum rate at 12 : 00-14 : 00. On the other hand, the secretion of amino acids gradually decreased from after sunrise (7 : 00) to sunset (21 : 00). Fluctuaton in daily MAs secretion had rhythmic variation which occurred at intervals of about 4 days. The stimulation of MAs secretion from the roots was attributed not only to the light/dark cycle but to the increase in temperature. Temperature variation played a more important role than a photoperiod in MAs secretion from the roots. The initiation time of MAs secretion was positively correlated with rising time in temperature($20-30^{\circ}$) during the dark period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1683-1689
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• 2001

The levels of urea nitrogen both in blood (BUN) and milk (MUN), and milk protein (MP) reflect protein and energy intake in dairy herd feeding. Blood and milk constituents may be changes rhythmically and influence by different sampling time within a day and after feeding. Trials were conducted using five dietary treatments in both lactating and dry cows to study the effects of sampling time on concentrations of BUN, MUN and whole blood ammonia nitrogen (BAN) in practical dairy cow feeding in Taiwan. The conventional feed ingredients and forages including corn silage, alfalfa hay, timothy or pangola hay and corn grain were used as major source of the diet to follow practical dairy cow feeding. Five different diets were varying in amounts (low=L; standard=S; high=H) of crude protein (P) and energy (E) according to the NRC (1989). The energy to protein ratios in kcal/kg for the PSES, PLES, PHES, PSEH and PSEL were 10.82, 12.54, 9.41, 12.53 and 9.13 in lactating cows, and 11.38, 13.33, 9.78, 13.28 and 9.74 in dry cows, respectively. Results showed that after feeding at 9:30, BUN reached peak at 13:30 and was significantly higher than those to that sampled at 14:30 to 18:30 (p<0.05) in dry cows. Therefore the best blood sampling time for urea nitrogen assay in dry cows is 4 hours after morning feeding. In lactating cows, BUN of 13:30 was significantly higher than those of 8:30 to 11:30 (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference between the BUN values of other sampling time. Hence the suitable blood sampling time for BUN value in lactating cows was located on 3 to 8 hours after morning feeding, but the best time was 4 hours after morning feeding. MUN content is significantly higher in the afternoon collected bulk milk than the fore-strip morning milk (p<0.05), therefore the best sampling time for MUN is from afternoon collected bulk milk. Diurnal BAN changed without traceable rhythmic pattern and was negatively correlated to the BUN (r = -0.78). It is suggested that BAN may not be a good indicator for monitoring dairy cow feeding.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.42
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• pp.321-359
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• 2021

This paper examines the unique features of Korean farmer's music-or nongak-in Hawaii by exploring three nongak groups from different decades beginning in the 1970s. The first community-based nongak group began in the 1970s, with the establishment of the Wahiawa Korean Seniors Club. In the 1980s, there was another group supported by the Kalihi-Palama Immigrant Service Center. And in the 1990s, the Hawaii Korean Farmer's Music Assoiation, which is still active, was founded. I ullustrate the overall changes made by the three nongak groups as follows. First, they show a shift from social groups playing music to a music group doing social activities. Second, from a group of people negotiating their music, through a group led by musical leadership, to a group with a leader who created his own musical leadership. Third, from a music group began out of a pseudo-shaman ritual, through a group purely playing music, to a group adding samulnori and further creating a new rhythmic pattern. These changes occurred because, while the members are all first-generation immigrants, their experience of nongak in the motherland was different because of their age differences. In addition, they emerged because the level of awareness and acceptance of samulnori-which has gained huge popularity in Korea-were different.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new technique that reduces the search times and Improves the accuracy of motion estimation using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Instead of using the fixed first search Point of previously proposed search algorithms, the proposed method finds more accurate first search point as to compensating searching area using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Therefore, the main idea of proposed method is to find first search point to improve the performance of motion estimation and reduce the search times. The proposed method utilizes the direction of the same coordinate block of the previous frame compared with a block of the current frame to use temporal correlation and the direction of the adjacent blocks of the current frame to use spatial correlation. Based on these directions, we compute the first search point. We search the motion vector in the middle of computed first search point with two fixed search patterns. Using that idea, an efficient adaptive predicted direction search algorithm (APDSA) for block matching motion estimation is proposed. In the experimental results show that the PSNR values are improved up to the 3.6dB as depend on the Image sequences and advanced about 1.7dB on an average. The results of the comparison show that the performance of the proposed APDSA algorithm is better than those of other fast search algorithms whether the image sequence contains fast or slow motion, and is similar to the performance of the FS (Full Search) algorithm. Simulation results also show that the performance of the APDSA scheme gives better subjective picture quality than the other fast search algorithms and is closer to that of the FS algorithm.