• 아동학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.25-46
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to demonstrate whether a Physical Rhythm Education Program can alter children's rhythm perception and rhythm expression. To solve the questions posed by this study, 60 5-year-olds and 60 6-year-olds (a total of 120 children) from one child-care center in Kyunggi-province were selected. An experimental group participated in the Physical Rhythm Program which was carried out 10 times over the course of 4 weeks. The results indicated that the Physical Rhythm Program positively improved the children's rhythm perception and rhythm expression. In particular, the Physical Rhythm Program was more effective in producing effects upon six-year-olds' rhythm perception and rhythm expression (verbal, instrumental and physical expression) than five-year-olds' rhythm expression (instrumental and physical expression).

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2009

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are known to get activated during various stress signals and transduce the message from the cell membrane to the nucleus for appropriate cellular reorganization. Though, a certain basal activity of MAPK is often observed in the control plants. Prolonged exposure of rice plants to lowered or elevated temperature exhibited a rhythm in the activation of MAPKs. We analyzed existence of a possible endogenous rhythm in the activity of MAPKs in rice plants. The plants growing at constant temperature entrained in 16/8 h day-night cycle showed diurnal rhythm in activity. When the activation of MAPK was tested under continuous conditions by shifting plants to continuous darkness for a period of 72 h, the periodic rhythm persisted and followed a circadian pattern. Analysis of the transcripts of group A, B and C members of MAPKs under above conditions by quantitative real time PCR revealed that the members of group C exhibit periodic rhythm. Our data indicates that the MAP kinase activity in rice follows rhythmic expression in a circadian manner.

• 감성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

디자인에 있어서 율동요소는 제품디자인에 대한 소비자의 심미적 반응에 영향을 미치는 조형요소의 하나라는 점이 이론 및 실무적으로 폭 넓게 받아들여지고 있다하더라도, 다른 조형요소에 비하여 율동요소에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 또한 율동요소에 대한 기존 연구들도 율동요소가 제품디자인에 있어서 심미성 요소의 하나라는 단순한 내용을 전개하고 있을 뿐 제품디자인에 어떻게 적용되어져야 하는지에 대한 통찰력을 제공해 주지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제품디자인에 있어서 율동감의 표현이 가격수준과 브랜드 위계수준에 따라 어떻게 소비자의 심미적 반응에 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 검토하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 율동감은 분명히 심미성에 영향을 미치고 있는 요소인 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 율동감의 표현은 낮은 가격수준의 제품에서는 브랜드 위계수준과 상관없이 소비자의 심미적 반응을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이와는 달리 높은 가격수준의 제품에서는 율동감의 표현이 인지적 위험으로 인해 소비자의 심미적 반응을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 브랜드 위계수준이 높은 경우에는, 인지적 위험과 브랜드 명성과의 상쇄관계로 인하여 율동감의 표현이 소비자의 심미적 반응을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 디자이너들이 율동감 요소를 어떻게 이해하여야 하는지에 대한 시사점을 제공해 준다고 할 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2006

The light sensing system in the eye directly affects the circadian oscillator in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). To investigate this relationship in the rat, we examined the circadian expression of clock genes in the SCN and eye tissue during a 24 h day/night cycle. In the SCN, rPer1 and rPer2 mRNAs were expressed in a clear circadian rhythm like rCry1 and rCry2 mRNAs, whereas the level of BMAL1 and CLOCK mRNAs decreased during the day and increased during the night with a relatively low amplitude. It seems that the clock genes of the SCN may function in response to a master clock oscillation in the rat. In the eye, the rCry1 and rCry2 were expressed in a circadian rhythm with an increase during subjective day and a decrease during subjective night. However, the expression of Opn4 mRNA did not exhibit a clear circadian pattern, although its expression was higher in daytime than at night. This suggests that cryptochromes located in the eye, rather than melanopsin, are the major photoreceptive system for synchronizing the circadian rhythm of the SCN in the rat.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2005

Three different catalase cDNA clones (CaCat1, CaCat2, and CaCat3) were isolated from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and their expression patterns were analyzed at the levels of mRNA and enzyme activity. Northern hybridization showed that the three catalase genes were differentially expressed in various organs, and that expression of CaCat1 and CaCat2 was regulated differently by the circadian rhythm. In situ hybridization revealed different spatial distributions of CaCat1 and CaCat2 transcripts in leaf and stem. In response to wounding and paraquat treatment, CaCat1 mRNA increased at 4-12 h in both paraquat-treated and systemic leaves. In contrast, wounding had no significant effect on expression of the catalase genes. The increase of catalase activity in the paraquat-treated and systemic leaves paralleled that of CaCat1 mRNA, but did not match that of CaCat1 mRNA in paraquat-treated stems. Our results suggest that CaCat1 may play a role in responses to environmental stresses.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1064-1072
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• 2013

일주기 리듬은 모든 살아있는 유기체의 생리현상을 지배하는 호르몬의 변화에 의해서 조절된다. 포유동물에서 송과체의 주된 기능은 시상 하부 시교차 상핵에서 발생되는 일주기 리듬을 주로 어두울 때 증가하는 순환성 멜라토닌의 리듬 신호로 변화시키는 것이다. 송과체는 직접적인 광감도는 없지만, 망막신경절세포로 하부조직을 포함하는 멀티 시냅스 경로를 통하여 빛에 반응한다. 주기적인 리듬 조절은 주위환경의 빛과 멜라토닌 생성의 리듬조절 효소인 arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT)의 발현과 긴밀한 관계를 통해 이루어진다. 이전 실험에서 AANAT 단백질이 어두울 때의 발현이 전사 조절, 전사 후 조절, 번역 후 조절 메커니즘으로 설명되었다. AANAT 단백질 발현에 관한 분자적 기전은 멜라토닌의 일주기 리듬에 대한 새로운 견해를 제공한다. 광범위한 동물 연구에서 많은 포유류의 계절 리듬을 위한 송과체 멜라토닌은 일주기 리듬의 조절과 수면 조절에 관련이 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 이것은 시차증이나 교대 근무 수면 장애와 같은 일주기 리듬 수면 장애를 치료하는 데 있어서 가치가 있다. 또한 멜라토닌은 다른 영역에도 영향을 미치는데 특히 몸의 생리적 기능을 조절하는데 영향을 미친다. 게다가 정신의학적 질환뿐 만 아니라 생식기 질환, 심혈관 질환, 면역 조절 질환도 이 호르몬에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제39호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide a practical guide for selecting architectural artwork and analyze relationship between artwork and interior space & facade. The problems with many outdoor artwork did not make the characteristics of the specific environment and did not form a big flow in the urban contextualism. Choosing the artwork, architectural environment for artwork is very much part of the designers' task. When artwork is to be specifically acquired for a particular projects, designer and client must work together to make choices and plan placement. The data are collected through evaluation surveys of college students and graduate students majoring in interior architecture & design, and analyzed by using SPSS-WIN program to find the major characterized factors. It is concluded that architectural artwork should be constituted with nine major factors of interior space - theme/scale, situation/contemporay accord, finished materials harmony, line/two-three dimensional form, proportion/rhythm, sequence, natural/artificial form, abstract/reality expression, originality - and eight major factors of facade - situation, abstract/reality expression, finished materials harmony, theme/sequence, natural/artificial form, proportion/rhythm, static/dynamic expression, originality/. contemporay accord.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

사람과 로봇의 인터랙션에 있어 정서의 역할은 중요하다. 그러므로 사람과 유사한 정서 메커니즘이 로봇에게 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사람의 정서에 대한 심리적 연구를 바탕으로 사람의 내적 요소에 기반한 새로운 인공 정서 표현 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 external stimulus, emotion, mood, personality, tendency, machine rhythm 의 6가지 정보 요소를 활용하며, 각 요소들은 그들의 특성에 따라 결과적으로 emotion 표현 패턴의 변화에 영향을 준다. 그 결과 통일한 외부 자극들은 내적 상태에 따라 emotion의 변화를 만들어 낸다. 제안된 시스템은 사람과 로봇의 자연스러운 인터랙션을 유지하고, 친밀한 관계를 형성할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.338-352
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• 2022

Herein, water and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves, branches, kernels, and pericarp of Quercus gilva and subsequently analyzed for antioxidant activity and circadian rhythm regulation effects. Candidate components that may affect circadian rhythm and antioxidant activity were investigated to discover potential functional materials. Antioxidant activity was analyzed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, showing that the hot water extract exhibited higher activity than that of the ethanol extract. In particular, the branch extract showed high antioxidant activity. By measuring total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, the hot water branch extract showed the highest concentrations, highlighting their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity. Examination of the circadian rhythm regulation of each extract showed that the ethanol extract exhibited greater impacts on the circadian rhythm amplitude compared to the water extract. The branch ethanol extract induced circadian rhythm amplitude changes via clock gene Bmal1 expression regulation. Determination of 12 phenolic compound concentrations showed that the branch ethanol extract contained many phenolic compounds, including catechin. This suggests that these com- pounds affected circadian rhythm regulation. In conclusion, the hot water branch extract has potential as an natural antioxidant material, while the corresponding ethanol extract has potential as a functional material for regulating circadian rhythm.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2006

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus is the circadian pacemaker entrained to the 24-hr day by environmental time cues. Major circadian genes such as mPeriod ($mPer1{\sim}3$) and mCryptochrome ($mCry1{\sim}2$) are actively transcribed by the action of CLOCK/BMAL heterodimers, and in turn, these are being suppressed by the mPER/mCRY complex. In the study, the locomotor activity rhythms of mPer1 Knockout (KO) mice are measured, and the expression profiles of Heat Shock Protein 105kDa (HSP 105) genes in the SCN were measured by in situ hybridization. In agreement with previous reports, the locomotor activity rhythm of mPer1 KO mice was much shorter than that of wildtype. In addition, the total bout of activity of mPer1 KO was less in comparison to control mice. The expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of mPer1 KO mice was ranged from CT6 to CT22, with a peak level at CT14, implying that the gene are under the control of circadian clock. However, the expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of wildtype could not be detected in our study. Further analysis will reveal the direct or indirect regulation by mPer1 on the expression in the SCN and the role of the gene in the circadian clock.