• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 2001

This study examined the taxonomic composition of marine benthic algal flora from Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, collected between January 1988 and January 1995. The rhodophyte specimens collected and examined included a total of 20 genera and 20 species of red algae. Of these, 2 species, Kallymenia antarctica Hariot and Pantoneura plocamioides Kylin, were recorded in Maxwell Bay for the first time. Taxonomic keys for the rhodophytes are also provided.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2011

The species composition and distributions of benthic marine plants on the East Coast of Korea were studied. We examined all species found in the intertidal and subtidal zones at four sites seasonally from August 2006 to May 2009. Of the 148 species identified, 92 were rhodophytes, 39 were phaeophytes, 16 were chlorophytes, and 1 was a seagrass. The most species (125) were found at Jukbyeon, while the fewest (99) were found at Chuksan. Overall, the numbers of species were highest during the spring and lowest in autumn. Seventy-five species (50 rhodophytes, 15 phaeophytes, 9 chlorophytes, and 1 seagrass) were found at all four sites. The dominant species providing cover were melobesioidean algae, Sargassum spp., Phyllospadix japonica, and Corallina pilulifera. The vertical distribution of benthic marine plants was characterized by C. pilulifera, Sargassum spp., Hizikia fusiformis, Grateloupia elliptica, Symphyocladia latiuscula, Grateloupia lanceolata, Ulva pertusa, and Chondria crassicaulis in the intertidal zone; Sargassum spp., P. japonica, Prionitis cornea, C. pilulifera, and Acrosorium polyneurum at 1 m depth; Sargassum spp., P. japonica, and melobesioidean algae at 5 m depth; and melobesioidean algae at 10 m depth. There was variation among the sites, presumably due to differences in the local conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2011

To understand the marine algal flora on Goheung coast, Korea, marine algae at 8 points were collected from November 2008 to February 2009 and from April to June 2009. Thirty-seven species (2 species of angiosperms, 5 chlorophytes, 12 phaeophytes, and 18 rhodophytes) occurred from fall to winter and 52 species (2 species of angiosperms, 9 chlorophytes, 18 phaeophytes, and 23 rhodophytes) occurred from spring to summer. Commonly occurring species were Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Hizikia fuziformis, and Gelidium amansii, and dominant species at most points were Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, and Gelidium amansii. The average of the ratio of total rhodophytes and chlorophytes to phaeophytes ((R+C)/P) was 1.61 in fall to winter and 1.69 in spring to summer, and the average Laminariales/Fucales/Dictyotales (LFD) ratio was 1.14 in fall to winter and 1.18 in spring to summer. These results show that the marine algal flora of Goheung could be considered as temperate. The LFD ratio was fit for showing a feature of algal flora of Goheung. Species diversity index was high at Points 4~6 while low at Points 1 and 8. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed that the similarity of occurring species at Points 3 and 4 was higher than the other points from fall to winter, whereas the occurred species at Points 1~4 were similar from spring to summer. The average values of ecological evaluation index (EEI) of the investigation points were 6.8 from fall to winter and 6.3 from spring to summer, which means that the ecological environment of the investigation points were middle class and the EEI values of outer sea points were higher than the inner bay points.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.569-591
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• 2003

Marine benthic flora was investigated in an Arctic bay. Specimens of chlorophyte, phaeophyte, and rhodophyte were collected and examined over the period from July to August 2003 from Kongsfjorden Spitsbergen in Svalbard Islands. A total of 28 genera and 32 species (5 chlorophytes, 18 phaeophytes, and 9 rhodophytes) was identified and described. A green alga Enteromorpha linza(Linnaeus) J. Agardh, a brown alga Asperococcus compresus Griffiths ex Hooker, and three red algae Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft et al., Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin and Schizochlaenion rhodotrichum Wynne et Norris were recorded in Svalbard Islands for the first time.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2007

For getting primary cue of restoration, the algal flora and intertidal community structure of Deokjeokdo, Yeonpyeongdo and Ganghwado were investigated for from February to November 2006. The total of 28 species, including five Chlorophytes, five Phaeophytes, 17 Rhodophytes and one sea grass were identified. The occurrence of species according to sampling site was 22 species in Deokjeokdo, seven species in Yeonpyeongdo and four species in Ganghwado. Among them Gloiopeltis furcata, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum horneri in Deokjeokdo, Scytosiphon lomentaria in Yeonpyeongdo, Enteromorpha prolifera in Ganghwado were ominants. The algal zonation of intertidal zone was figured out by Gloiopeltis furcata, Caulacanthus okamurae – Corallina pilulifera – Ulva pertusa, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, Sargassum horneri, Undaria pinnatifida in Deokjeokdo, Bangia atropurpurea – Scytosiphon lomentaria – Ahnfeltiopsis flablleiformis in Yeonpyeongdo from upper to lower zone and Enteromorpha prolifera, Enteromorpha linza – Sargassum thunbergii, Myelophycus simplex in Ganghwado from middle to lower zone. The average of biomass was measured as 80.6 g dry wt. m–2 in Deokjeokdo, 32.2 g dry wt. m–2 in Yeonpyeongdo and less than 1 g dry wt. m–2 in Ganghwado.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2007

The seasonal change of algal flora and intertidal community structures of Bagryoungdo Island was investigated at Dumujin from February to November 2006. The description of subtidal algal community was made in October by Scientific SCUBA-diving. The total of 43 species, including 6 Chlorophytes, 6 Phaeophytes, 29 Rhodophytes and 2 sea grasses were identified in this survey. The occurrence of species according to season, listed as follows, 26 species in winter, 34 in spring, 18 in summer and 18 in autumn. Three species, Laminaria japonica, Neorhodomela aculeata and Ulva pertusa were dominant. The algal zonation of intertidal zone was figured out by Porphyra spp., Gloiopeltis furcata, Caulacanthus okamurae, Gelidium divaricatum - Neorhodomela aculeata, Enteromorpha compressa - Ulva pertusa, Dumontia simplex, Laminaria japonica from upper to lower zone. The zonation of subtidal zone was figured out by Ulva pertusa - Laminaria japonica - Zostera marina (sea grass), crustacean red algal population in autumn. The average of biomass of macroalgae was measured as 119.4 g∙dry wt/m2.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

Neosiphonia japonica is a rhodomelacean red alga that occurs in Korea, Japan, China, far-east Russia, northwest America, and New Zealand. Although it is distinguished by a bush-like habit having four pericental cells with cortication and numerous branches on axes, the taxonomy of N. japonica is still problematic. To investigate the taxonomy and phylogeny of the species, we analyzed rbcL and phycoerythrin (cpeA/B) genes from 19 samples of N. japonica and putative relatives. Phylogenetic trees from both genes show that N. japonica from Korea, Japan, New Zealand, and USA is clearly separated from N. decumbens, N. harlandii, and N. flavimarina from the Pacific Ocean. Instead, N. harveyi from the Atlantic Ocean was more related to N. flavimarina than to N. japonica. This result supports morphological and distributional differences between N. japonica and N. harveyi. However, the close relationship between these species suggests that they might have a recent most common ancestor. This is the second report to use the cpeA/B gene for evaluating species diversity in the Rhodophytes.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.541-546
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• 2007

Red algae are distributed globally, and the group contains several commercially important species. Griffithsia okiensis is one of the most extensively studied red algal species. In this study, we conducted expressed sequence tag (ESTs) analysis and synonymous codon usage analysis using cultured G. okiensis samples. A total of 1,104 cDNA clones were sequenced using a cDNA library made from samples collected from Dolsan Island, on the southern coast of Korea. The clustering analysis of these sequences allowed for the identification of 1,048 unigene clusters consisting of 36 consensus and 1,012 singleton sequences. BLASTX searches generated 532 significant hits (E-value <$10^{-4}$) and via further Gene Ontology analysis, we constructed a functional classification of 434 unigenes. Our codon usage analysis showed that unigene clusters with more than three ESTs had higher GC contents (76.5%) at the third position of the codons than the singletons. Also, the majority of the optimal codons of G. okiensis and Chondrus crispus belonging to Bangiophycidae were G-ending, whereas those of Porphyra yezoensis belonging to Florideophycidae were G-ending. An orthologous gene search for the P. yezoensis EST database resulted in the identification of 39 unigenes commonly expressed in two rhodophytes, which have putative functions for structural proteins, protein degradation, signal transduction, stress response, and physiological processes. Although experiments have been conducted on a limited scale, this study provides a material basis for the development of microarrays useful for gene expression studies, as well as useful information for the comparative genomic analysis of red algae.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

During austral summer 1998 we examined the impacts of artificial UV-B and solar radiation on chlorophyll a content and fresh weight of four species of Antarctic red algae namely, Georgiella confluens, Iridaea cordata, Pantoneura plocamioides and Porphyra endiviifolium. These subject species were taken in consideration of clear demarcations of their vertical distribution and classified as shallow water group (Iridaea and Porphyra) and deep water group (Georgiella and Pantoneura). When irradiated with artificial UV-B at the irradiance of $2.0Wm^{-2}$ the shallow water inhabitants were much more resistant than the algae from deep water the fresh weight of which was reduced by 40-50% relative to control apart from loss of pigmentation. Direct solar radiation was lethal to the deep water group with a sign of complete bleaching whereas the shallow water group did not show any change in the physiological parameters. We were unable to discriminate difference in the algal sensitivity between UV-filtered and UV-transparent treatments since samples tested were either all unaffected or dead. Spectrophotometric measurements of methanolic extracts revealed a strong absorption peak in the UV range in the shallow water group of algae, Iridaea and Porphyra, but not in the deep water counterparts. Species difference in sensitivity to artificial UV-B and solar radiation is discussed in relation to biochemical and morphological characteristics and the role of the radiation in the algal vertical distribution is suggested from ecological perspective.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2011

The species composition and distributions of subtidal marine algae on the east coast of Korea were studied. We examined all species found in permanent quadrats at three depths (3 m, 5 m and 10 m) at Sacheon between October 2008 and December 2009. Coverage and frequency data were collected monthly via underwater photography and analyzed using a modified photo quadrat method. Of the 82 species identified, 10 were chlorophytes, 21 were phaeophytes, 50 were rhodophytes, and one was a seagrass. The largest number of species (59) was found 10 m deep, while the fewest (39) species were present at 5 m. A total 17 species (two green, five brown, and 10 red algae) occurred at all three depths. The vertical distribution of the study site was characterized by the melobesioidean algae, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum confusum, Phyllospadix iwatensis, and Codium arabicum at 3 m deep, melobesioidean algae and U. pertusa at 5 m deep, and Corallina pilulifera, Prionitis cornea, Chondracanthus tenellus and melobesioidean algae at 10 m deep. Given that coralline algae such as melobesioidean algae and C. pilulifera play important roles in coastal ecosystems, thorough studies on the spatial and temporal variations of coralline algae and the dynamics of marine algal communities on the east coast of Korea are now required.