• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: It is very important to monitor the residual characteristics of pesticides in pre-harvest fresh ginseng to ensure consumer safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-eight fresh ginseng samples were collected from 8 ginseng-growing fields 10 days before harvest and pesticide residues in fresh ginseng with and without rhizome (head of ginseng) and rhizome were analyzed for 320 pesticides by using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. As a result of the pesticide residue analysis, the number of pesticides detected from the fresh ginseng with rhizome, that without rhizome and rhizome were 26, 25, and 40, respectively, indicating that high number of pesticides found in rhizome, compared with the other parts. Pyraclostrobin was detected with the highest frequency in all samples, reaching to 21.2% in fresh ginseng with rhizome, 16.8% in that without rhizome, and 14.8% in rhizome. CONCLUSION: The residue levels of pesticides detected did not exceed their maximum residue limits, in spite of residual data in fresh ginseng before harvest. The amounts of the estimated daily intakes of all the detected pesticides were found to be from 0.018 to 1.818% of their acceptable daily intakes, indicating that concentrations of pesticides detected from fresh ginseng with and without rhizome collected before harvest do not pose the immediate health risks.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.282-285
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the cost reduction of rhizome through the stable storage of Jiwhang #1(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch). The growth characteristics of Jiwhang #1 are different from those of local Rehmannia glutinosa L. varieties in Korea. Various storage methods was introduced and analyzed for 120 days. Among storage methods, changes in mean daily temperature in storage location were the least from 7.2 to 13.8$^{\circ}C$ in underground storage, while those were wide in styrofoam box filled with soil, and changes in mean daily relative humidity were the highest 98.2% in underground storage. As the storage period increased, the rhizome brix and the rate of rhizome loss and spoiled rhizome increased. The brix and loss rate of rhizome were higher in net sack filled with hull and styrofoam box filled with hull, but the rate of spoiled rhizome was the greatest in underground storage among storage methods. As the storage period increased, the hardness of rhizome epidermis increased, while that of rhizome endodermis decreased.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 1995

In order to clarify the originality of several Alisma Rhizomes, we investigated the differences of their morphological, anatomical and physiochemical characteristics. Morphological observation shows the variability of Alisma shape and quality. The diversities in morphological shapes and qualities of tuber were observed among different origins. Chinese product looked like corm shape, but korean's irregular shape. The microscopic observation of korean Alisma revealed the presence of irregular vascular bundle which was scattered transversely and longitudinaly, which was different from that of the rhizome. This facts suggest that the portion of crude drug in Alisma should be the corm rather than the rhizome. In the physicochemical differences, chinese Alisma contains larger amount of mineral elements such as K, Na and Ca than korean Alisma. On the contrary, protein contents in lyophilized powder of aqueous extracts in korean Alisma rhizome was significantly higher than chinese Alisma rhizome. The leaves and stems contained larger amount of Ca and Na than tuber, and may be used as the osmotic diuretics for chinese traditional medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 1995

The inclusion of crude ginger rhizome (zingiber officinale) extract at 0.5 to 1.0% (v/w) in the marination of marginally acceptable lean beef improved meat tenderness by 20-30% in the absence of 2% salt and by 35-45% in the presence of 2% salt. Ginger extract also retarded the development of rancidity and increased shelf-life of precooked lean beef two-fold in saran-wrap (no vacuum) storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Ginger rhizome improves the palatability and acceptability of lean beef from carcasses of marginal quality. It is particularly beneficial for the preparation of pre-cooked ready-to-eat beef products that are not vacuum-packaged.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.334-341
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• 2013

Studies were carried to evaluated the influence of storage method by temperatures and fillers on yield and quality of seed rhizome in turmeric. Seed rhizome was stored at styrofoam box filled with rice hull and sand (3:1) or vermiculite for 30, 60 and 90 days at different temperatures (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$. compared to traditional method (rhizome only). Parameters were obtained for weight loss, cold injury, percentage of decayed in stored rhizome during storage periods. Also, the germination, growth pattern and yield from stored rhizome has been investigated. It was confirmed that storage of turmeric in stored with filled with vermiculite helps in prevention of rhizomes from microbial and fungal attack. The storage of rhizomes in styrofoam box without any filler at low temperature below $10^{\circ}C$. is not advocated due to heavy losses weight and decayed in management of postharvest for turmeric rhizome. Germination percentage, growth pattern and yield was maximum for rhizomes stored at styrofoam box filled with vermiculite for 90 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The paper outlines a brief attempt to assess the efficacy of non-chemical methods including optimal storage method (temperature and filler) of control of decay and moisture losses during storage of turmeric.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2017

Background: The current regulations regarding the storage of medicinal herbs do not define the storage temperature; instead, but the only requirement is that the plastic bags used for storing the medicinal herbs should be tightly sealed during storage. The practice of storing medicinal herbs at room temperature ($28^{\circ}C$), causes many problems, including growth of insect pests on the stored medicinal herbs. Thus, it is necessary to understand the effect of insect pests on the quality of medicinal herbs stored at room temperature ($28^{\circ}C$) for the improving the relevant regulations. Methods and Results: Cnidium rhizome and Angelica radix were infested with Lasioderma serricorne F. adults and incubated at $28^{\circ}C$ for 2.5 and 5 months. The population of L. serricorne was established rapidly, and left many holes, cadavers, and feces on the stored medicinal herbs, thereby greatly damaging the product appearance and hygiene. In addition, active ingredients of the medicinal herbs were significantly decreased, probably reducing their medicinal quality as well. Conclusions: These results indicate that the current regulations are not sufficient to prevent the establishment of storage insect pests and guarantee the quality and hygiene of stored medicinal herbs. Therefore, it is necessary to devise proper storage protocols and upgrade the current relevant regulations to maintain the quality of medicinal herbs during storage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. The water stress treatment was imposed artificially on seedling, flowering and rhizome enlargement stage of the plant. The root yield rate decreased to 19.1%, 18.2% and by the water stress treatment at rhizome enlargement, seedling and flowering stage, respectively. Portion of the products having commercial quality grade (above 20g of rhizome weight) was 93.4% at control plot, while it was 85%, 81.7% and 78.3% when stressed for water at seedling, flowering and root enlargement stage, respectively. Content of extract was the higher in the order of control, water stressed at rhizome enlargement, flowering and the seedling stage. Postive correlationship was found between yield of rhizome and rootlet yield or economic production ratio, and between dry weight of stem and rootlet yield.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.354-361
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics, root yield and curcuminoid content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), cultivated using mother seed rhizomes (MR) and finger seed rhizome (FR) of different sizes. MR are attached to the stem, and FR are connected to the MR, and are used as a general seed rhizome. Methods and Results: Seed rhizomes of different types and sizes were used: large, medium and small for FR, and large, half-sized, and small for MR. These were assigned to the experimental groups and cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The growth characteristics, root yield, and curcuminoid content did not show clear difference between MR and FR, but suggest that the larger seed rhizomes (above 30 g) could have higher root yields. On average, harvested mother rhizomes (HMR) contained more curcuminoid than harvested finger rhizomes (HFR), while the yield of HFR was higher than that of HMR. The higher weight of harvested roots correlated significantly with elevated curcuminoid content. Conclusions: The two seed rhizomes, MR and FR, did not differ in root yield and curcuminoid contents, but larger seed rhizomes may produce better root yields. This suggest that the optimum seed rhizome is larger FR, to produce higher yields and quality in turmeric root production.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.238-252
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• 2002

In order to screen out indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat, some physical and chemical characteristics of Korean red ginsengs (94 kinds) and Chinese red ginsengs (50 kinds) were analyzed by using a rheometer, an electronic nose system, a combined technique of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS), a near infrared spectrometer (NIRs) and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC/ELSD). The results are summarized as follows: (i) The rhizome strengths of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. (ii) The electronic nose patterns of Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those of Chinese red ginsengs. (iii) Some unidentified peaks were detected not in the headspace of Korean red ginsengs but in the headspace of Chinese red ginsengs when the headspace volatiles prepared by the SPME technique were analyzed by GC/ECD. (iv) Either the content ratios of K to Ca or Mn to Fe were significantly different between Korean red ginsengs and Chinese red ginsengs. (v) The reflectance ratios of NIRs wavenumbers such as $904\;cm^{-1}\;to\;1088\;cm^{-1}$ for Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those for Chinese red ginsengs. (vi) The content ratios of ginsenoside-Rg to ginsenoside-Re of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. These results indicate that the rhizome strength, the electronic nose pattern, the occurrence of ECD-sensitive headspace volatile components, the content ratios of K to Ca and Mn to Fe, the NIRs pattern and the content ratio of ginsenoside-Rg to -Re may be indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2010

Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in herbal medicine and in the health food throughout Asia etc. Recently, the demands on rhizome of turmeric are increasing greatly by well-being boom, but there is not enough to meet the demands. To fulfill increasing demands, cultivation system strategies using the organic fertilizers are required to produce a greater amount of rhizome with good quality and yield. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of composts, NPK fertilizer(control, F), NPK + swine manure(SM) and NPK + fermentation manure from the wasted oriental medicine materials(OMWM), on rhizome yield and the content of bioactive components for quality. Our results showed that two compost applications can increase both rhizomes(24.1-25.9%) and curcumin(21.7-41.0%) yields, respectively, compared to F control. The content of amino acids increased significantly by SM and OMWM treatments. SM and OMWM application also increased the total phenol yields 7.8 and 8.7 g/10a compared with control 6.3 g/10a, the flavonoid yields 6.3 and 7.3 g/10a compared with control 5.3 g/10a, and also antioxidant activity 21.7 and 41%, respectively, as compared to the control. Especially, OMWM was more effective in total rhizomes yields and bioactivities and in the biosynthesis of curcumin and bioactive components than SM treatments, but the biological pathway was not clear, still. This experiment suggests that curcumin or bioactive components affected by adding SM and OMWM could increase the yields and quality of turmeric.