• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

The basic idea of cooperative learning focuses on team reward, equal opportunities for success, cooperation within team and competition among teams, and emphasizes share of sense of achievement through joint efforts so as to realize specific learning objectives. The main strategies of engineering mathematics teaching based on cooperative learning are to establish favorable team and design reasonable team activity plan. During the period of team establishment, attention shall be given to team structure including such elements as team status, role, norm and authority. Team activity plan includes team activity series and team activity task. Team activity task shall be designed to be a chain of questions following a certain principle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of organizational justice on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and health among hospital nurses. Method: The sample of this study consisted of 267 nurses from 3 general hospitals located in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires and analyzed hierarchical multiple regression. Result: The distributive and procedural justices had effects on nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but no effects on health. The procedural justice had more effects on nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment than distributive justice. There was no moderating effect of distributive and procedural justices on nurses' job satisfaction, organizational commitment and health. Conclusions: It is important for hospitals to be established fair reward systems which should focus on both outcomes and processes in order to evaluate nurses' rewards. It is suggested that new moderators like personality or organizational structure should be considered for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.157-182
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• 1998

The primary goal of this study is to identify disintegration and reconstruction of the family/kinship structure in the rapidly industrializing urban area, Seoul. For this purpose, detailed data about (1) the value related to the family and kinship (2) the family relationship, especially marital relationship (3) the attitude of divorce and remarriage (4) the characteristics of the social network (5) the family/kin rites and attitude about the rites are gathered. A total of 716 subjects completed structured questionnaires. Major conclusions of the study are as follows: Firstly, most of the respondents are found not to support familism and boy preference, and they show an ambivalence about the child value analyzed by concepts of the cost and reward. Secondly, most of the respondents perceive that marital relationship has been changed toward the direction of increased relative importance of wives' opinion in the decision making process within the family. However, they believe that husbands still have more power than their wives. Respondents also believe that parents have more power than their children. Thirdly, most of the respondents view divorce as an altemative to unhappy marriage. It was also shown that relatively few have negative attitude toward remarriage. Fourthly, the social network of the respondents is characterized by two distinct trends, namely, strong parent-child ties and narrowed kin relationship. Fifthly, the urbanization and the introduction of western life style have disrupted the traditional rites of passage. But ancestral rites serve to confirm family ties, especially the gathering of siblings to perform ancestral rites for parents. Therefore foreign element exist in parallel with pre-existing traditional elements.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

A smart tuned mass damper (TMD) is widely studied for seismic response reduction of various structures. Control algorithm is the most important factor for control performance of a smart TMD. This study used a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) among reinforcement learning techniques to develop a control algorithm for a smart TMD. A magnetorheological (MR) damper was used to make the smart TMD. A single mass model with the smart TMD was employed to make a reinforcement learning environment. Time history analysis simulations of the example structure subject to artificial seismic load were performed in the reinforcement learning process. Critic of policy network and actor of value network for DDPG agent were constructed. The action of DDPG agent was selected as the command voltage sent to the MR damper. Reward for the DDPG action was calculated by using displacement and velocity responses of the main mass. Groundhook control algorithm was used as a comparative control algorithm. After 10,000 episode training of the DDPG agent model with proper hyper-parameters, the semi-active control algorithm for control of seismic responses of the example structure with the smart TMD was developed. The simulation results presented that the developed DDPG model can provide effective control algorithms for smart TMD for reduction of seismic responses.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2023

In the wartime, aircraft carrying out a mission to strike the enemy deep in the depth are exposed to the risk of being shoot down. As a key combat force in mordern warfare, it takes a lot of time, effot and national budget to train military flight personnel who operate high-tech weapon systems. Therefore, this study studied the path problem of predicting the route of emergency escape from enemy territory to the target point to avoid obstacles, and through this, the possibility of safe recovery of emergency escape military flight personnel was increased. based problem, transforming the problem into a TSP, VRP, and Dijkstra algorithm, and approaching it with an optimization technique. However, if this problem is approached in a network problem, it is difficult to reflect the dynamic factors and uncertainties of the battlefield environment that military flight personnel in distress will face. So, MDP suitable for modeling dynamic environments was applied and studied. In addition, GIS was used to obtain topographic information data, and in the process of designing the reward structure of MDP, topographic information was reflected in more detail so that the model could be more realistic than previous studies. In this study, value iteration algorithms and deterministic methods were used to derive a path that allows the military flight personnel in distress to move to the shortest distance while making the most of the topographical advantages. In addition, it was intended to add the reality of the model by adding actual topographic information and obstacles that the military flight personnel in distress can meet in the process of escape and escape. Through this, it was possible to predict through which route the military flight personnel would escape and escape in the actual situation. The model presented in this study can be applied to various operational situations through redesign of the reward structure. In actual situations, decision support based on scientific techniques that reflect various factors in predicting the escape route of the military flight personnel in distress and conducting combat search and rescue operations will be possible.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 2010

The current business environment has been characterized as less munificent, highly uncertain and constantly evolving. In this environment, the company with dynamic capability is reported to be more successful than others in building competitive advantage. Dynamic capability focuses on the link between a dynamically changing environment, strategic agility, architectural reconfiguration, and value creation. Being characterized to be flexible and adaptive to market circumstance changes, an organization with dynamic capability is described to have high resource fluidity, which represents business process, resource allocation, human resource management and incentives that make business transformation faster and easier. Successful redeployment of the resources for dynamic adaptation requires organizational forms and reward systems to be well aligned with firm's technological infrastructures and business process. The alignment is considered to be an executive level commitment. Building dynamic capability is knowledge driven; relying on new knowledge to reconfigure firm's resources. Past studies established the link between the effective execution of a knowledge-focused strategy and relevant setting of architectural elements such as human resources, structure, process and information systems. They do not, however, describe in detail the underlying processes by which architectural elements are adjusted in coordinated manners to build knowledge-driven dynamic capability. In fact, understandings of these processes are one of the top issues in IT management. This study analyzed how a Korean corporation with a knowledge-focused strategy aligned its architectural elements to develop the dynamic capability and thus create value in the dynamically changing markets. When the Korean economy was in crisis, the company implemented a knowledge-focused strategy, restructured the organization's architecture by which human and knowledge resources are identified, structured, integrated and coordinated to identify and seize market opportunity. Specifically, the following architectural elements were reconfigured: human resource, decision rights, reward and evaluation systems, process, and IT infrastructure. As indicated by sales growth, the reconfiguration helped the company create value under an extremely turbulent environment. According to Ancona et al. (2001), depending on the types of lenses the organization uses, different types of architecture will emerge. For example, if an organization uses political lenses focusing on power, influence, and conflict. the architecture that leverage power and negotiate across multiple interest groups would emerge. Similarly, if an organization uses economic lenses focusing on the rational behavior of organizational actors making choices based on the costs and benefits of action, organizational architecture should be designed to motivate and provide incentives for the actors (Smith, 2001). Compared to this view, information processing perspectives consider architecture to be designed to maximize the capacity of information processing by the actors. Using knowledge lenses, the company studied in this research established architectural elements in a manner that allows the firm to effectively structure knowledge resources to form dynamic capability. This study is revelatory single case with a historic perspective. As a result of this study, a set of propositions and a framework are derived, which can be used for architectural alignment.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2015

This paper presents the issue that is predicting the movement of an agent in an enclosed space by using the MDP (Markov Decision Process). Recent researches on the optimal path finding are confined to derive the shortest path with the use of deterministic algorithm such as $A^*$ or Dijkstra. On the other hand, this study focuses in predicting the path that the agent chooses to escape the limited space as time passes, with the stochastic method. The MDP reward structure from GIS (Geographic Information System) data contributed this model to a feasible model. This model has been approved to have the high predictability after applied to the route of previous armed red guerilla.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric structure of Sasang typology with four personality measures and examine the construct validity of Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We measured biopsychological traits of 104 university students using SPQ, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The construct validity of SPQ was analyzed with TCI, NEO-PI and MBTI using Pearson's correlation. The temperament features of each Sasang groups were compared with Analysis of Variance and Profile Analysis. The SPQ showed significant correlation with TCI Novelty-Seeking (r=.398), TCI Harm-Avoidance (r=-.333), TCI Reward-Dependence (r=.465), TCI Self-Directedness (r=0.340), NEO-PI Extraversion (r=0.489) and MBTI Extraversion-Introversion (r=-0.509). The SPQ, TCI and NEO-PI revealed significant differences between Sasang constitutional groups. We examined the temperament construct of the Sasang typology and the validity of SPQ with well established western biopsychosocial instruments. This study would contribute to the objective studies on the biopsychosocial mechanism of Sasang medicine.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.04-10
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• 1987

We consider a time sharing computer system with a single processor where tasks ofK different types arrive at the system according to independent time homogeneous Poisson processes from outside. A task, after given a quantum for processing, leaves the system, or changes the type and rejoins the system according to specified probabilitycs. While many existing priority time sharing models determine the priorities of tasks strictly by their service time requirements, this paper develops a new scheduling rule wherein the importances or urgencies in addition to the service time requirements of tasks are counted, by inposing an appropriate reward structure on the system. Also presented is the algorithm through which to determine the rankings of K types according to this new scheduling rule.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

Sustainable competitive advantage depends on formulation and implementation of appropriate human resource management (HRM) strategies and deployment of their competencies effectively in dynamic and complex environment. Competencies deployment is an approach to make decisions on the intentions and plans of organization concerning employment relationship and its recruitment, training, development, performance appraisal, reward and employee relations policies and practice. The improvement of organizational effectiveness is an overall objective of people management in organizations. In light of these, this study explores the present practices of HRM like: HR departments, HR policies and strategies, HR planning, recruitment selection and placement, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and benefit, employee relations and communications. Based on the survey in 204 Nepalese organizations as a unit of analysis, the study concludes that HR practices in few organizations have action program for minorities, ethnic group, older employees and people with disabilities. Due to centralized organizational structure, most of HR decisions are taken into central office and line managers being involved highly in planning and implementing HR policies. In a nutshell, though HRM practices are not developed like developed countries, Nepalese organizations are realizing the significance of people management at work and changing their practices in the present dynamic environment.