• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-25
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• 2016

This study attempts to suggest an improvement plan of the currently prescribed record classification standard table as the guidance to select and assess the public records of local governments. For this purpose, this study utilized the methodologies of literature review, survey, and experts' assessments. It investigated the current situation on unit tasks and preservation periods targeting major functions of 'construction and architecture' in the record management standard table in the 9 provinces, and it also deduced the characteristics and problems of unit task and preservation period by comparing and analyzing the unit task and preservation period utilized in more than 3 provinces. Based on the results from the analysis on the current situation and comparison, this study deduced the new unit tasks and preservation periods. And the evaluation targeting practitioners and expertise was conducted, and then the revised design plan was finally presented 4 medium- function items, 18 small - function items operated in more than 4 provinces, 47 unit task items, which led to the total 69 items. This study can be utilized as a guidance for establishing the record management standard table based on the uniqueness and originality of public record of local governments and the task function and organization of institutions in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5177-5182
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• 2012

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitormonotherapy (EFGR-TKIs: gefitinib or erlotinib) with standard second-line chemotherapy (single agent docetaxel or pemetrexed) in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We systematically searched for randomized clinical trials that compared EGFR-TKI monotherapy with standard second-line chemotherapy in previously treated advanced NSCLC. The end points were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate (1-year SR) and grade 3 or 4 toxicities. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated employing fixed- or random-effects models depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials (totally 3218 patients) were eligible. Our meta-analysis results showed that EGFR-TKIs were comparable to standard second-line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC in terms of overall survival (HR 1.00, 95%CI 0.92-1.10; p=0.943), progression-free survival (HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.75-1.08, P=0.258) and 1-year-survival rate (RR 0.97, 95%CI 0.87-1.08, P=0.619), and the overall response rate was higher in patients who receiving EGFR-TKIs(RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.83, P=0.000). Sub-group analysis demonstrated that EGFR-TKI monotherapy significantly improved PFS (HR 0.73, 95%CI: 0.55-0.97, p=0.03) and ORR (RR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.46-2.63, p=0.000) in East Asian patients, but it did not translate into increase in OS and 1-year SR. Furthermore, there were fewer incidences of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia and neutrotoxicity in EGFR-TKI monotherapy group, excluding grade 3 or 4 rash. Conclusion: Both interventions had comparable efficacy as second-line treatments for patients with advanced NSCLC, and EGFR-TKI monotherapy was associated with less toxicity and better tolerability. Moreover, our data also demonstrated that EGFR-TKImonotherapy tended to be more effective in East Asian patients in terms of PFS and ORR compared with standard second-line chemotherapy. These results should help inform decisions about patient management and design of future trials.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.77-93
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• 2001

The ISO issued the first standard for environmental management standard(EMS) in 1993. This standard provide for elements of an effective environmental management system and can also help companies ingrain effective environmental management practice into their overall business operations. ISO 14001 is predicted to become the leading voluntary environmental management system standard. Companies selling products and services internationally and domestically will also be affected by publication of this standard. Especially, this new environmental management standards are fast becoming a condition for doing global business because it can be acted with trade barriers. Actually, an automobile companies of America including Ford and GM require their subcontracting companies to gain the recognition of ISO 14001. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ISO 14000 and its application of Korean firms focusing on environmental management system(EMS). This paper proceeds to present the effective alternatives through analysing the existing Korean firms which has established EMS. Korean firms should adopt EMS not for the enhancement of corporate image but for the purpose of strategic competitive advantage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6033-6038
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• 2015

Background: Experience of lung cancer includes negative impacts on both physical and psychological health. Pain is one of the negative experiences of lung cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are often recommended as treatments for lung cancer pain. The objective of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating lung cancer pain. This review considered studies that included lung cancer patients who were required to 1) be at least 18 years old; 2) speak and read English or Thai; 3) have a life expectancy of at least two months; 4) experience daily cancer pain requiring an opioid medication; 5) have a positive response to opioid medication; 6) have "average or usual" pain between 4 and 7 on a scale of 0-10 for the day before the clinic visit or for a typical day; and 7) able to participate in a pain evaluation and treatment program. This review considered studies to examine interventions for use in treatment of pain in lung cancer patients, including: biofeedback, cognitive/attentional distraction, imagery, hypnosis, and meditation. Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for pain specifically in lung cancer patients were included. In the absence of RCTs, quasi-experimental designs were reviewed for possible conclusion in a narrative summary. Outcome measures were pain intensity before and after cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished literature. A three-step search was utilised by using identified keywords and text term. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. A second search using all the identified keywords and index terms was then undertaken across all included databases. Thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. Searches were conducted during January 1991- March 2014 limited to English and Thai languages with no date restriction. Materials and Methods: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality by three reviewers using a standardized critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Three reviewers extracted data independently, using a standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Ideally for quantitative data meta-analysis was to be conducted where all results were subject to double data entry. Odds ratios (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were to be calculated for analysis and heterogeneity was to be assessed using the standard Chi-square. Where statistical pooling was not possible the finding were be presented in narrative form. Results: There were no studies located that met the inclusion requirements of this review. There were also no text and opinion pieces that were specific to cognitive behavioral therapy techniques pain and lung cancer patients.Conclusions: There is currently no evidence available to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for pain in lung cancer patients.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.853-860
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement plan for the calculation method of the engineer standard wage rate (ESWR) and to compute a reasonable ESWR. To this end, an adequacy review of theESWR calculation criteria was conducted along with an extensive engineering industry survey. The survey results were analyzed using an effective response sample of 748 companies out of 1,000 survey samples extracted by stratifying the 5,879 survey population. The main results were as follows. ①When calculating the engineering service fee, the prime contractor's engineer wage is suitable for the ESWR. The ESWR can be estimated by the formula 'average wage÷[1-proportion of subcontract orders×(1-subcontract rate)].' ② The field survey showed that the number of monthly working days was 20.35-20.54 days at 99 % confidence interval, which was significantly different from the current standard (22 days). In addition, as a result of a legal review of the ESWR criteria, it was found that the number of working days should be calculated in accordance with the Labor Standards Act after 2022. ③ Applying government guidelines, the time difference between the wage survey and the ESWR application can be corrected by the past ESWR increase rate for a specific period. ④ Using modeling based on the analysis above, the current ESWR was 13.5-14.5 % lower than the appropriate level. A lower ESWR was driven by the non-reflection of subcontract structure (4.1 %), overestimation of monthly work days (6.8-7.8 %), and application of past wage (2.6 %). The proposed model is expected to be widely used in policy making, as it can provide a useful framework for calculating the standard wage rate in similar industries as well as calculating appropriate engineering fees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.429-434
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• 1998

QS-9000 was established by Chrysler, Ford, General Motors and some Truck Manufactures to solve problems of efforts to prepare original standards for each company. When we compare the requirements in QS-9000 with those in ISO 9000, we may observe that those of QS-9000 are more specific, since the user of the standard is limited to the automobile industry. In particular, the requirements on statistical techniques are described in more detail. In this paper, we present the requirements on statistical techniques in QS-9000. Specifically, we review the contents of QS-9000 and explore the philosophy and the minimum requirement on statistical techniques behind the description.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.761-773
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• 2007

The study undertakes an examination of nutrition labelling system and offers a strategic framework for improvement of the system in Korean context. Thus this study includes a review of Korean current nutrition labelling system (NLS), development of a strategy or a further study for its revision of NLS, and a suggestion of revised nutrition labelling guidelines. Participants were 600 university students in Busan and were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The data collected were processed with the SPSS statistical program to produce its frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation with One-Way Anova and Duncan Test. The findings are as follows: the levels of consumer's practical use and awareness of NLS are low, the levels of their trust and satisfaction and their necessity for NLS are low too. Consequently, the consumer's attitudes to NLS are not related to nutrition labelling method(? system).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

Endoscopic resection has been accepted as a curative modality for early gastric cancer (EGC). Since conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been introduced, many improvements in endoscopic accessories and techniques have been achieved. Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using various electrosurgical knives has been performed for complete resection of EGC and enables complete resection of EGC, which is difficult to completely resect in the era of conventional EMR. Currently, ESD is accepted as the standard method for endoscopic resection of EGC in indicated cases. In this review, the history of endoscopic treatment for EGC, overall ESD procedures, and indications and clinical results of endoscopic treatment will be presented.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2012

This paper is aiming at providing the systems thinking perspective on the collapse of the savings and loan banking system in Korea. Two causal loop diagrams are developed to conduct the analysis: The first is focusing on the structural problems included in the establishment of S&L banking in 1990s. The later is developed based on the project financing mechanism by controlling the credit standard required during the due diligence. The result of this study shows that the main cause of the collapse of the S&L banking is the structural problem connected to real estate market including the failure of regulation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2979-2986
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• 2011

In this study, we review all matters for system application based on the international and the domestic standards. Considering the minimization of bottom frame damage, ease of maintenance, withstanding-environmental performance (condensation or rain), maintenance of airtightness, customer convenience and safety issues in railway vehicle, the conceptual design for doorstep equipment for both the low and the high level platforms is carried out. On the basis of conceptual design, the prototype is manufactured. We perform the vibration test based on the international standard IEC-61373 for securement of the reliability and enhancement of design & production. Finally we would like to describe the test results.