• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2014

The Korean government has purchased land properties alongside any significant water bodies before setting up the buffers to secure water qualities. Since the annual budgets are limited, however, there has always been the issue of which land parcels ought to be given the priority. Therefore, this study aims to develop efficient mechanism for land acquisition priorities in stream corridors that would ultimately be vegetated for riparian buffer zones. The criteria of land acquisition priority were driven through literary review along with experts' advice. The relative weights of their value and priorities for each criterion were computed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1. The decision-making structural model for land acquisition priority focuses mainly on the reduction of non-point source pollutants(NSPs). This fact is highly associated with natural and physical conditions and land use types of surrounding areas. The criteria were classified into two categories-NSPs runoff areas and potential NSPs runoff areas. 2. Land acquisition priority weights derived for NSPs runoff areas and potential NSPs runoff areas were 0.862 and 0.138, respectively. This implicates that much higher priority should be given to the land parcels with NSPs runoff areas. 3. Weights and priorities of sub-criteria suggested from this study include: proximity to the streams(0.460), land cover(0.189), soil permeability(0.117), topographical slope(0.096), proximity to the roads(0.058), land-use types(0.036), visibility to the streams(0.032), and the land price(0.012). This order of importance suggests, as one can expect, that it is better to purchase land parcels that are adjacent to the streams. 4. A standard scoring system including the criteria and weights for land acquisition priority was developed which would likely to allow expedited decision making and easy quantification for priority evaluation due to the utilization of measurable spatial data. Further studies focusing on both point and non-point pollutants and GIS-based spatial analysis and mapping of land acquisition priority are needed.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2007

Background and Objectives：Microvascular free flap reconstruction has been revolutionized in last two decades, and became a standard option in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. We intended to review our experiences of 51 microvascular free flap for head and neck defects during 5-year period and to analyze the types of flaps according to primary sites, success and complication rates. Subjects and Methods：From Oct. 2001 through Dec. 2005, fifty one free flap reconstructions were performed in forty nine patients at ENT department of Soonchunhyang university bucheon hospital. Primary sites, pathology, T-stage, operative time, time interval of oral feeding, and various reconstructive factors such as recipient and donor vessels, free flap related complications, failure rates and salvage rates were retrospectively analyzed. The relation between complication rates and preoperative risk factors were statistically analyzed. Results：Methods of reconstruction were radial forearm free flap(RFFF)(n=28, 54.9%), anterolateral thigh free flaps(n=9, ALTFF)(17.6%), rectus abdominis free flap(n=7, RAFF)(13.7%), jejunal free flap(n=5, JFF)(9.8%), and miscellanous(n=2, 4.0%) in order. In free flap related complications, failure of free flap occurred in seven cases(13.7%) and pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in five cases(9.8%) among fifty one free flaps. The overall success rate of free flaps was 86.3%. Salvage of free flaps was possible only one among eight cases(12.5%). In positive preoperative risk factor groups, failure of free flap was higher than in negative risk factor group. However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion：We confirmed that free flap reconstructions are highly versatile and reliable options for use in the reconstruction of various soft tissue defects of the head and neck. Free flaps have gained great popularity given its versatility, ability for a two-team approach, and minimal donor site morbidity. However, complications related to microvascular surgery may be overcome by increased surgical experience and by intensive flap monitoring in early postoperative period.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.76-93
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the core components required of nurses to provide quality nursing care to patients and analyze the significance of these components in the hospital's various units to maintain a high level of competence among nurses. Method: The study evaluated 3 categories included 35 subcategories with 148 core components that were derived from literature review and interviews of nursing professionals. The nursing professional category included 18 subcategories with 98 components, the organizational culture category included 4 subcategories with 16 components, and the temperament-attitude category included 13 subcategories with 34 components. The study included 335 nurses with more than one year of hospital experience and measured disparities among different hospital units. The data was analyzed with SPSS-Win 10.0, differing perceptions of the importance of general traits among the participants were measured using standard deviation, and differing perceptions of the importance of professional traits among the participants were assessed using ANOVA and subsequently with the Bonferroni Test. The reliability of the aforementioned research tools were evaluated using the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Result: The results of the study were as follows: 1. Among the three categories, temperament-attitude category was perceived to be the most important, followed by nursing professional category and organizational culture category. Among the ten most important subcategories within the three categories, safety and infection prevention as well as responsibility were perceived to be the most important, followed by promotion of physiologic adaptation, document management and presentation, self-control, ethics, observance law, coping with emergency, humanity, and medication. 2. The relative importance of category associated with the core competencies within the hospital unit were as follows : 1) The units that rated nursing professional category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, mother-child unit, emergency room, intensive care unit, and operating room, in that order. 2) The units that rated the organizational culture competencies as being the most significant were: mother-child unit, internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order. 3) The units that rated temperament-attitude category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, mother-child unit, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.159-183
• /
• 2012

Promoted in places like Korea, the central government and the local governments that can provide information on which to base investment policy to attract foreign direct mutation-specific gravity model (Shift-Share Model) In this study, the decrease of foreign direct investment performance using factors looked up in the industry. The sample period of 2009, 2010, 2011 nationwide (metropolitan and non-metropolitan separated) of foreign direct investment performance for Industry Standard Industrial Classification (Division) was conducted. Factors to look at the results of the National Growth Effect(NS), the industrial structure effect (IM), local allocation effect(RS) to decrease foreign direct investment in 2010 and 2011 non-metropolitan, metropolitan national growth effect(RS) is negative(-) has a value. Because it appears to be the aftermath of the global recession, the impact on the domestic economy Metropolitan area and the Industrial Mix Effect(IM) to the development of education, culture, business, and transportation, etc. in the development of service industries than in non-metropolitan valid environment. In the sector of services (food accommodation, business services, entertainment), We did it, was able to find the function. However, the Regional Share Effect(RS) be competitive in the manufacturing sector in metropolitan areas in the metal and chemical sectors have been identified. These results seems to enhance the competitiveness of the region, such as the metropolitan area's excellent workforce. Shift-Share analysis technique based on competitive factors of the region, to find the failure has limitations.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.57-77
• /
• 2008

Mountain destination plays a vital role in satisfying the demand of natural tourism products, provides exclusive leisure, adventure and unique cultural experience. The Himalayan region includes some of the most biologically diverse habitats on Earth as well as homes to a bewildering variety of culture. The purpose of this study is to figure out the mountain tourism as a tool of sustainable development and explore the tourism destination development strategies with case study of Himalayan area. In this study, we recognized the importance of tourism for the isolated developing communities, for which, tourism provide the way of developing its economic and society. It also generates new opportunities of employment and change the soclo-economic environment of region. The hilly terrain of the state lacks reliable transportation infrastructure, therefore tourism is the only industries to support the economy and to uplift the standard of living for the people of Himalayan region. The region has large potential in the natural and cultural based tourism. The tourism development of the state may have cultural and ecological impact in future. Therefore, the planning and successfully promoting long-term policy and developing more sustainable tourism is important.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Reoperations after gastrectomy for gastric cancer are performed for many types of complications. Unexpected reoperations may cause mental, physical, and financial problems for patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the causes of reoperations and to develop a strategic decision-making process for these reoperations. Materials and Methods: From September 2002 through August 2010, 6,131 patients underwent open conventional gastrectomy operations at Samsung Medical Center. Of these, 129 patients (2.1%) required reoperation because of postoperative complications. We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients using an electronic medical record review. Statistical data were analyzed to compare age, sex, stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, size of tumor, and number of lymph node metastasis between patients who had been operated and those who had not. Results: The variables of age, sex, tumor stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, and number of lymph node metastases did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the mean tumor size in the reoperation group was greater than that in the non-reoperation group ($5.0{\pm}3.7$ [standard deviation] versus $4.1{\pm}2.9$, P=0.007). The leading cause of reoperation was surgical-site infection (n=49, 0.79%). Patients with intra-abdominal bleeding were operated on again in the shortest period after the initial gastrectomy ($6.3{\pm}4.2$ days). Patients with incisional hernia were not reoperated on until after $208.3{\pm}81.0$ days, the longest postoperative period. Conclusions: Tumor size was the major variable leading to reoperation after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The most common complication requiring the reoperation was a surgical site-related complication.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.423-437
• /
• 2008

Until comparatively lately, the annual time series of the $SO_2$ concentration had been shown in a decreasing trend in Ulsan as well as other Korean cities. However, the high concentration of $SO_2$ was frequently found in the specific countermeasure region including the national industrial complex such as Mipo and Onsan in the Ulsan city for the period of $2001{\sim}2004$. There are many conditions that can influence the high concentration of $SO_2$ at monitoring sites in Ulsan, such as: First, annual usage of the fuel including sulfur increased in comparison with the year before in spite of the fuel conversion policy which wants to use low sulfur oil less than 3% and LNG. Second, point source, such as the power plants and the petroleum and chemistry stacks, was the biggest contributor in $SO_2$ emission, as a analyzed result of both the air quality modeling and the stack tole-monitoring system (TMS) data. And third, the air pollutants that occurred in processes of homing and manufacturing of the fuel including sulfur were transported slow into a special monitoring site by accumulating along the frontal area of see-breeze. It was concluded that Ulsan's current environmental policy together with control methods should be changed into the regulation on total amount of emission, including a market-based emission trading with calculating of atmospheric environmental critical loads, for the $SO_2$ reduction like the specific countermeasure for the $O_3$ and PM10 reduction in the Seoul metropolitan area. And this change should be started in the big point sources of $1{\sim}3$ species because they are big contributors of Ulsan's $SO_2$ pollution. Especially it is necessary to revitalize of the self-regulation environmental management. Other control methods for sustaining the $SO_2$ reduction are as follows: maintenance of the fuel conversion policy, reinforcement of the regional stationary source emission standard, and enlargement of the stack TMS.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 1998

The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional pratictioner as nurse who will be interesteed in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for con tributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relavence for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what de1th, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing. This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st centry. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing. Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial. This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for potentional roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is the time to convoke and debate for convergence of model on essential content and standarization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2015

VE aims at reduction in a budget, improvement of function, structural safety and quality security for public construction projects. However, there is possibility for the structural safety and quality security review to be insufficient because related regulations are mostly composed of analysis on economic efficiency of design. In addition, due to the misconception about VE as a cost saving methodology, an alternative is being presented which still focuses mainly on cost saving, but with no objective evaluation of function related to cost. In order to improve this, the government adopted the reduction of life cycle cost and proposal of value improvement, and let people specify the cost and function of the original plan versus the alternative plan, and the value changes between them. However, it is written mainly into practical convenience rather than theoretical basis since a specific way is not suggested. The current method sets a different starting point by applying the attributional difference of function and cost. Furthermore, an evaluation standard for correlating is an important element in rational decision making for assessing and choosing an alternative. This paper analyzes the process and method of function & cost scoring when performing VE and suggests a mathematical normalization model in order to support rational decision making when selecting an optimum plan.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.6D
• /
• pp.755-764
• /
• 2011

At the present, planning and installation of parking space sections and lane width are implemented in accordance with the installation standard and parking lot structure by the enforcement regulations of the Parking Act. While large and RV (Recreational Vehicle) vehicles have increased in number recently, parking is complex with improper installation standards. It causes serious problems, including vehicle vandalism, increased civil complaints, travel inconveniences for parking lot users, management and maintenance issues for parking lots, and so forth. The study, therefore, determined that the practical and appropriate realignment of parking unit adjustment and lane width regulations are essential. The study conducted prior review on domestic parking sections and change cases of composition by vehicle types, including the component ratio of domestic and foreign vehicles, width of vehicle by types in order to examine the parking problems that account for a increasing social issues, and provided parking plan methods by types of vehicle, as well as reform and reaction plans for parking unit adjustment and lane width considering security and smooth traffic flow. After comparing and analyzing between estimated installation of parking space and lane width and internal and external cases, the study suggests the improvement that considers expenses and convenience of a driver. Also, it shows installation of parking space that considers traffic safety, improvement of lane width, and parking way depends on vehicle types. By providing estimation for parking planning and parking planning methods that secure safe and smooth traffic flow within a parking lot, the study will contribute to the development of improved alternatives for cost-effective traffic safety and set-up structure, including installation standards of parking lots.