• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

As various populations are rapidly becoming an aging society worldwide and interest in health issues has increased, demand for functional foods including herbal products has increased markedly to maintain a healthy state which has led to safety issues about their intake as an inevitable result. The objective of this study was to identify the safety profile of a Korean red ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract mixture (KGC-03-PS) which is a valuable ingredient that can be used as a functional food. In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of KGC-03-PS were evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were administered KGC-03-PS orally for 28 days by gavage. Daily KGC-03-PS dose concentrations were 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. Bacterial reverse mutation test with KGC-03-PS dose levels ranging from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ was carried out by OECD test guideline No. 471. Five bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2) were tested in the presence or absence of metabolic activation by plate incorporation method. There were no toxicological effects related with test substance in the clinical evaluation of subacute oral toxicity test including clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption. Moreover, no toxicological changes related to KGC-03-PS were observed in the hematological and serum biochemical characteristics as well as in the pathological examinations, which included organ weight measurements and in the gross- or histopathological findings. KGC-03-PS did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies in all bacterial strains of the bacterial reverse mutation test. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of KGC-03-PS is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw/day, and KGC-03-PS did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations under the conditions used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.6
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• pp.37-45
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• 1998

In this paper, we report the first three-dimensional simulation result of the transient enhanced diffusion(TED) of dopants in the ion-implanted silicon by employing our 3D semiconductor process simulator, INPROS system. In order to simulate three-dimensional TED redistribution of dopants in silicon, the dopant distributions after the ion implantation was calculated by Monte Carlo(MC) method, followed by finite element(FE) numerical solver for thermal annealing. Excellent agreement between the simulated 3D profile and the SIMS data has been obtained for ion-implanted arsenic and phosphorus after annealing the boron marker layer at 75$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Our three-dimensional TED simulation could successfully explain the reverse short channel effect(RSCE) by taking the 3D point defect distribution into account. A coupled TED simulation and device simulation allows reverse short channel effect on threshold to be accurately predicted.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7A
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• pp.996-1004
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• 1999

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of reverse link synchronous CDMA with orthogonal spreading and Rake combining, and compare this to that of an asynchronous transmission under Rayleigh multipath fading environments. The link performance is evaluated in terms of average bit error rate (BER) and capacity, assuming ideal BPSK data modulation. The focus of this paper is on the impact that the multipath intensity profile (MIP) shape and number of taps in Rake receiver have on the performance of synchronous transmission. The results show the reverse link synchronous transmission can always achieve smaller BER than the asynchronous transmission even if inter-path interference exists.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.409-415
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• 2023

Apart from developing better membranes, a clever reconfiguration of membrane cascade process can improve the solute selectivity and minimize solvent consumption. In this work, solvent resistant cellulose nanofiltration membranes were fabricated and the solute rejection performance in various organic solvents were tested. Interestingly, cellulose membranes exhibited unique negative rejection profile in non-polar solvents. Such trend could be exploited to yield reverse selectivity, which showed that low molecular weight solute could be concentrated in the retentate. It was found that more than 3-fold solvent saving could be achieved at the same final purity.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2003

전력반도체 소자로 사용되는 p$^{-}$-n$^{-}$ 접합 다이오드의 스위칭 속도를 향상시키고 그에 따른 에너지 손실을 감소시키기 위해 전자 조사를 실시하였다. Reverse recovery time이 현저히 감소한 반면, 전자 조사에 의한 누설전류와 on-state 전압 강하와 같은 그 외의 전기적 특성 저하는 무시할 수 있는 정도였다. 그밖에 시료의 deep level transient spectroscpy(DLTS) 분석 결과와 secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) depth profile을 근거로 결함 분포와 전자조사 유도결함의 유형을 논하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.17 no.5 s.120
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• pp.345-350
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• 1979

The patient, 16 years female, complained of anterior cross-bite and retrusion of maxilla. Mandibular incisors occluded labially to maxillary incisors. Normally developed mandibular arch in normal elation to facial line, S-N-Pog was within normal range. Cross-bite of anterior teeth was corrected by means of Class III elastics under multibanded system. Space for alignment of crowding of upper anterior teeth was regained by means of cervical headgear and sliding yoke. She gained good alignment of anterior teeth and attractive facial profile after 2 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This paper concerns the possibility of 3D printing reverse idle gears for tractor transmission. For the purposes of this experiment, idle gears were manufactured using a SLA 3D printer, FDM 3D printer, and through machining. The accuracy of the idle gears produced in these three different ways were evaluated by the properties of their outer diameter, inner diameter, roundness, concentricity, parallelism, span, backlash, and gear grade. The tooth characteristics of the idle gears were evaluated by their profile, lead, and the pitch of the gears. The results of this experiment determined that the surface conditions created by the finishing process had a significant impact on the dimensional accuracy of the gears and the characteristics of their teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

Vapor-driven solutal Marangoni flow is governed by the concentration distribution of solutes on a liquid-gas interface. Typically, the flow structure is investigated by particle image velocimetry (PIV). However, to develop a theoretical model or to explain the working mechanism, the concentration distribution of solutes at the interface should be known. However, it is difficult to achieve the concentration profile theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, to find the concentration distribution of solutes around 2D droplet, the reverse tracking method with an artificial neural network based on PIV data was performed. Using the method, the concentration distribution of solutes around a 2D droplet was estimated for actual flow data from PIV experiment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.372-382
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• 2022

Anterior open bite and transverse discrepancy are often accompanied by hyperdivergent skeletal patterns. In addition, degenerative joint disorders and vertical maxillary excess contribute to an unfavorable convex facial profile with a retruded chin. Correction of this complex three-dimensional problem with orthodontic treatment alone is considered challenging owing to anatomical limitations. Moreover, a history of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction makes retreatment difficult. This case report illustrates the application of a maxillary tissue bone-borne expander and biocreative reverse curve system in a 23-year-old female patient with a severe anterior open bite and transverse discrepancy who underwent orthodontic treatment with four premolar extractions. By setting the treatment target under precise diagnosis and using appropriate appliances, a satisfactory treatment result could be achieved without orthognathic surgery.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.351-378
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify the latent classes of meta-awareness of gender discrimination among Korean young adults using Latent Profile Analysis based on 'perceived ambivalence toward men among women', 'perceived ambivalent sexism among men', 'perceived gender(reverse-) discrimination in Korea'. After identifying the latent classes, the difference between gender role conflict, sense of distance from the opposite sex, and support for gender discrimination issues were explored among the classified groups. As a result, 3 latent classes among women and 2 latent classes among men were identified. Latent classes among women were named 'women with low sensitivity of sexism', 'women with high sensitivity of sexism' and 'women against sexism' and latent classes among men were named 'men with perception of gender equality', 'men with perception of reverse discrimination'. Types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination were related with higher gender role conflict and higher sense of distance from the opposite sex. Among women, types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination perceived higher levels of gender discrimination and showed more support for gender discrimination issues while among men, types with higher levels of meta-perception of gender discrimination only perceived higher levels of reverse discrimination. Based on the present findings, implications about the severe gender conflict among Korean young adults are further discussed in the article.