• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.533-544
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the commuting areas in the Busan metropolitan area have been changed during 2000~2010. For this purpose, I set the boundary of the Busan metropolitan area by using linkage indicators, and analyzed the changes of the commuting areas by using factor analysis. The commuting areas in the area were divided into four subregions, including East Busan, West Busan, Gimhae/Changwon, and Ulsan. The commuting area of West Busan has been shrinking, and the commuting network structure between Gangseo-gu/Buk-gu/Sasang-gu and their geographically adjacent Gimhae/Changwon has been gradually strengthened. This has resulted from the increase of reverse commuting from West Busan to Gimhae/Changwon. Ulsan has formed an independent commuting area in the area.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

Recently, metropolitanization and suburbization have been occurring mainly in large cities, and spatial miss-match between residential and employment areas has increased. Spatial miss-match is different in the metropolitan cities and other metropolitan cities in Korea. Seoul and other metropolitan cities have grown to become centers of business functions, while other metropolitan cities have been transformed into residential function centers. Accordingly, The reverse commuting phenomenon is occurring in the rural metropolitan. The reverse commuting phenomenon limits the employment opportunities of specific classes among urban residents, and cause various problems such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Therefore, many studies on spatial mismatch and reverse commuting have been conducted, but a number of studies have been conducted on the Seoul metropolitan area, and research on other metropolitan areas is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of the commuting phenomenon in the metropolitan area of the non-metropolitan area by considering spatial mismatch and understanding the reverse commutation situation in the local metropolitan area. This study is analyzed by a multi-level model and suggests the need for management of industrial location and expansion of residence in suburban.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.536-553
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• 2011

New urbanization different from the manufacturing based urban growth has been widely discussed in post-modern city, consumption city and others to reflect the urban changes in qualitative manner. Urbanization stage models consider large cities to be in mature stage, reurbanization and the stages are assumed to be experienced successively in lower sized cities. However, since the industrial restructuring implies new urbanization experiences, this study examines new urbanization in diverse aspects such as the population change and the geographic and social characteristics of commuters and migrants for the 6 large cities in Korea. Seoul follows the urbanization stages in order while other 5 large cities are divergent in their transition from the industrial city. Regional large cities reveal broad reverse commuting and selective in-migration of economically active households for better work and housing opportunities available in central cities. Similar to the consumption city thesis with enhanced cultural and recreational amenities in western cities, the widening urban residential function including housing and other services is a new urbanization characteristic of large cities in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 1997

The impact of a central place on daily living over wide outlying territory has been one of traditional subjects in the field of urban geography. The flow of rural population toward the central city of Chinju characterizes the population movement in Western Kyungnam, where the spillover of urban population into outlying areas, an especially prominent phenomenon in American society, does not occur. The central city of Chinju is supposed to be the most favored settlement area in Western Kyungnam. More than two thousands of teachers. who live in Chinju, cross the city boundary each morning to do their jobs in Western Kyungnam. But only ninety teachers living outside Chinju commute to the workplace in the city. The teachers willingly spend hours commuting each day to enjoy better quality of life in the central city. In fact, the central city of Chinju functions as bedroom communities for many middle-class workers in Western Kyungnam. On the basis of teachers' commuting behavior, four levels of Chinju's urban spheres are identified in Western Kyungnam. As Table-6 and Figure-2 show, the first-order level of Chinju's sphere includes most Myuns of Sanchung/Hadong Guns and some Myuns of Sachun/Gosung Guns. The second-order level comprises Sanchung/Sachun Eubs and many Myuns of Sachun /Gosung Guns. The third-order level is made up of Samchunpo, Hadong/Gosung/Eryung/Namhae/Habchun/Hamyang Eups, and many Myuns of Eryung/Namhae/Habchun Guns. And all of Guchang Gun and most Myuns of Hamyang Gun belong to the fourth-order level of Chinju's sphere. The influence sphere of Metropolitan Chinju is extended farther in the direction of less competition with other metropolises. Such a situation occurs to the west and south of Chinju. Daily commuting, defined as the journeys to and from work, is an excellent indicator for delimiting urban spheres of influence.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 1999

본 연구는 청주시에 거주하는 중학교 교원 역통근의 공간적 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 분석 결과 종래 여성의 통근거리가 남성보다 짧고, 거주지 부근의 직장에서 근무한다는 연구 결과는 교원의 경우 적용되지 않는다고 볼 수 있다. 그리고 역통근자의 거주지는 통근시간과 비용을 최소화하기 위해 역통근지에 따라 거주지의 이전이 나타나며, 통근거리가 멀수록 다양한 교통수단을 이용하고 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1990

The research deals with the establishment of transportation areas in the metropolitan cities. The purpose is three-fold ; 1) to review the existing literature : 2) to analyze the commuting (work and school) pattern and interregional movement pattern of passengers and freights ; 3) to establish the metropolitan transportation area based on the above analyses. The transportation area is defined by the analysis of trip pattern to the center city of each metropolitan area. The detailed indices for establishment are selected by the rank-size and time-distance analyses. For the operational purpose, the study defines 3 different transportation areas as follows : the first transportation area means the directly effecting region of the center city ; the second means the region with many reverse trips and development potentials ; and the third means the indirectly effecting region. It can be concluded that the first transportation area includes 10 cities and 5 counties in Seoul metropol tan region, Yangdsan-Gun, Kimhae-Gun and Kimhae-Si in Busan, Dalsung-Gun, Chilgok-Gun and Kyungsan-Gun in Daegu, Hwasung-Gun and Raju-Gun in Kwangju, and Daeduk-Gun in Daejun. These results could be expected to have many implications for the establishment of area-wide public transportation network, the metropolitan transportation decision-making bodies and others.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to grasp position of Sachon airport-local airport-especially the characteristics of it's air passengers, the distribution of passengers hinterland on their purposes of the travel and on the day of the week, and the spatial structure of hinterland The results is as follows The distribution of the hinterland on the purposes of a passenger's travel shows the hunterland of friend and acquauntance visit is wider than that of business, And the middle level of its size is sightseeing The hinterland of commuting includes only Chinju, so the range of passengers' social activities is wider than that of passenger' economic activities In the distribution of the hunterland on the day of the week, the distnbution of the weekday is wider than that of the holidays, but the passenger travel to Chinju is concentrated on the holidays. As rnentioned adove, the hinterland centenng around Sachon airport is Chinju sity field. Tongyoung. Sachon and Koje city field, Kwangyang city and Namhae, Sanchong, Kosung, Hadong, Uiryoung county field. It is a little different result from the area of reverse commuting of the elementray, middle and high school Leachers living in Chinju That's because air passenger travel mainly occurs in industrial and sighrseeing cities