• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권11호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

휴대용 전자 시스템에 대한 deep submicron VLSI의 출현에 따라 기존의 면적과 성능(지연시간)외에 전력량 감축을 위한 새로운 방식의 CAD 알고리즘이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문은 논리합성시 기술매핑 단계에서의 전력량 감소를 목적으로 한 논리 게이트 분할(gate decomposition)을 통한 재합성 알고리즘을 소개한다. 기존의 저전력을 위한 논리분할 방식은 Huffman 부호화 방식을 이용하였으나 Huffman code는 variable length를 가지고 있으며 logic depth (회로지연시간)와 글리치에 영향을 미치게 된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 임계경로상에 있지 않은 부회로에 대한 스위칭 동작량을 줄임으로써 logic depth (즉 속도)를 유지하면서 다양한 재구성된 트리를 제공하여 스위칭 동작량을 줄임으로써 전력량을 감축시키는 새로운 게이트분할 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 zero 게이트 지연시간을 갖는 AND 트리에 대하여 스위칭 동작량이 최소화된 2진 분할 트리를 제공한다. SIS (논리합성기)와 Level-Map (lower power LUT-based FPGA technology mapper)과 비교하여 각각 58%와 8%의 전력 감축효과를 보였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

폐리튬이온전지의 리싸이클링을 위하여 폐전지의 기계적 처리에 의한 Co의 농축과 습식처리에 의한 Co의 회수기술이 개발되었다. 전 연구에서는 폐전지 리싸이클링의 부가가치를 향상시키기 위하여 Co 농축 침출액으로부터 양극활물질을 재합성하는 공정으로 citrate precursor combustion법을 제안하고 가능성을 확인하였다. 기존의 전극제조 공정에서는 활물질인 $LiCoO_2$와 첨가제인 탄소의 비중 및 크기 차이로 균일한 혼합이 이루어지지 않으므로 충방전 용량이 이론용량에 비하여 매우 낮고 또한 싸이클이 반복될수록 용량이 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 합성된 $LiCoO_2$ 전극특성을 향상시키는 일환으로 합성공정의 개선을 통하여 초미립 $LiCoO_2$을 합성하였으며, 탄소 첨가시 혼합법의 개선에 의하여 우수한 충방전 특성을 갖는 리튬전지용 양극을 개발하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

리튬이온전지의 양극 전자전도도를 향상시키기 위하여 탄소제를 첨가할 때 기존의 혼합법과는 다르게 abrasive milling에 의하여 $LiCoO_2$ 양극 활물질에 흑연을 균일하게 분산시켜서 충방전시 용량감소를 줄이고자 하였다. 밀링 조건은 300 rpm, 10min으로 하였으며, 흑연 농도는 전기 전도성 향상과 용량의 관계를 고려해 볼 때, 1 wt% 경우가 가장 우수한 전극특성을 보여주었다. Abrasion법은 기존 혼합법에 비하여 10% 이상 capacity retention의 향상을 가져올 수 있었으며, 비가역적인 용량에 있어서도 초기 방전 용량의 효율도 높아 비가역 용량이 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 첨가한 흑연이 균일하게 혼합되고 일부는 $LiCoO_2$ 표면에 코팅되어 전자전도도를 향상시키고 산화물인 활물질의 용해를 억제하기 때문으로 생각된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a new approach for speaker diarization. First, we use the prosodic information calculated on the original speech to resynthesize the new speech data utilizing the spectrum modeling technique. The resynthesized data is modeled with sinusoids based on pitch, vibration amplitude, and phase bias. Then, we use the resynthesized speech data to extract cepstral features and integrate them with the cepstral features from original speech for speaker diarization. At last, we show how the two streams of cepstral features can be combined to improve the robustness of speaker diarization. Experiments carried out on the standardized datasets (the US National Institute of Standards and Technology Rich Transcription 04-S multiple distant microphone conditions) show a significant improvement in diarization error rate compared to the system based on only the feature stream from original speech.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2018

This paper describes procedures of changing and measuring voice quality in terms of jitter. Jitter synthesis method was applied to the TD-PSOLA analysis system of the Praat software. The jitter component is synthesized based on a Gaussian random noise model. The TD-PSOLA re-synthesize process is used to synthesize the modified voice with artificial jitter. Various vocal jitter parameters are used to measure the change in quality caused by artificial systematic jitter change. Synthetic vowels, natural vowels and short sentences are used to check the change in voice quality through the synthesizer model. The results shows that the suggested method is useful for voice quality control in a limited way and can be used to alter the jitter component of voice.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2022

Regular expression pattern matching is widely used in applications such as computer virus vaccine, NIDS and DNA sequencing analysis. Hardware-based pattern matching is used when high-performance processing is required due to time constraints. ReCPU, SMPU, and REMP, which are processor-based regular expression matching processors, have been proposed to solve the problem of the hardware-based method that requires resynthesis whenever a pattern is updated. However, these processor-based regular expression matching processors inefficiently handle repetitive operations of regular expressions. In this paper, we propose a new instruction set to improve the inefficient repetitive operations of ReCPU and SMPU. We propose REMPi, a regular expression matching processor that enables efficient iterative operations based on the REMP instruction set. REMPi improves the inefficient method of processing a particularly short sub-pattern as a repeat operation OR, and enables processing with a single instruction. In addition, by using a down counter and a counter stack, nested iterative operations are also efficiently processed. REMPi was described with Verilog and synthesized on Intel Stratix IV FPGA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type I, type II, & type IIb) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: animals fed standard chow diet (n=40), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n=40), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n=40), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n=40). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups: sacrificed at REST (n=8), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n=8), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n=8), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n=8), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n=8). Soleus (type I), red gastrocnemius (type IIa), white gastrocnemius (type IIb), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p>.05). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p<.05). Free fatty acid concentration was higher in all high fat fed groups(regardless of fatty acid composition) than CHOW consumed group. At rest, pro- & macro-glycogen concentration was not different from any of experimental groups (p>.05). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p<.01), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made: first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demonstrated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

The present study examines the auditory boundary between Korean /o/ and /u/ on a synthesized vowel continuum by Chinese learners of Korean language. Preceding researches reported that the Chinese learners have difficulty pronouncing Korean monophthongs /o/ and /u/. In this experiment, a nine-step continuum was resynthesized using Praat from a vowel token from a recording of a male announcer who produced it in isolated form. F1 and F2 were synchronously shifted in equal steps in qtone (quarter tone), while F3 and F4 values were held constant for the entire stimuli. A forced choice identification task was performed by the advanced learners who speak Mandarin Chinese as their native language. Their experiment data were compared to a Korean native group. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis and logistic regression were performed to estimate the perceptual boundary. The result indicated the learner group has a different auditory criterion on the continuum from the Korean native group. This suggests that more importance should be placed on hearing and listening training in order to acquire the phoneme categories of the two vowels.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 음성합성의 억양 제어를 위한 새로운 F0 궤적 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 발성된 문장의 F0 궤적을 중첩가산되는 사건들로 분해하고, 각 사건들을 가우시안 종모양의 사건함수로 모델링한다. 그리고 제안한 모델을 위한 파라미터 추정 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제안한 모델은 특정한 음운론적 지식에 기반하지 않았으며, F0 궤적의 분석단계와 합성단계에 모두 사용 가능하다. 제안한 모델의 성능평가를 위해 다양한 장르에서 추출한 여러 형태의 500문장의 코퍼스를 구축하고, 이를 전문 아나운서에게 발성하게 하여 구축한 음성코퍼스로 실험한 결과, 원음성의 F0 궤적과 제안한 모델에 의해 합성된 F0 궤적의 평균 제곱 오류근이 7.87Hz이었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1009-1009
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• 2003

VIPER a new tool for the VIsual PERception of sound quality and for sound design will be presented. Requirement for the visualization of sound quality is a signal analysis modeling the information processing of the ear. The first step of the signal processing implemented in VIPER, calculates an auditory spectrogram by a filter bank adapted to the time- and frequency resolution of the human ear. The second step removes redundant information by extracting time- and frequency contours from the auditory spectrogram in analogy to contours of the visual system. In a third step contours and/or auditory spectrogram can be resynthesised confirming that only aurally relevant information were extracted. The visualization of the contours in VIPER allows intuitively to grasp the important components of a signal. Contributions of parts of a signal to the overall quality can be easily auralized by editing and resynthesising the contours or the underlying auditory spectrogram. Resynthesis of time contours alone allows e.g. to auralize impulsive components separately from the tonal components. Further processing of the contours determines tonal parts in form of tracks. Audible differences between two versions of a sound can be visually inspected in VIPER through the help of auditory distance spectrograms. Applications are shown for the sound design of several interior noises of cars.