• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1980

A severe crushing injury of the chest produce a very striking syndrome referred to as traumatic asphyxia. This syndrome is characterized by bluish-red discoloration of the skin which is limited to the distribution of the valveless veins of the head and neck. And also if it is characterized by bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and neurological manifestations. But these clinical entities faded away progressively in a few weeks. Apporximately 90% of the patients who live for more than a few hours will recover from traumatic asphyxia when it occurs as a single entity. And so, death results from either severe associated injuries of from subsequent infection, rather than from pulmonary or cardiac insufficiency in traumatic asphyxia. We have experienced 4 cases of traumatic asphyxia with severe crushing thoracic injuries at department of the chest surgery, Captial Armed forces General Hospital during about 3 years from April 1977 to Aug. 1980. The 1st 22 year-old male was struct 2$\frac{1}{2}$ ton truck on the road and was transferred to this hospital immediately. He had taken tracheostomy due to severe dyspnea with contusion pneumonia and for removal of a large amount of bronchial secretion. The 2nd case was 23 year-old male who was got buried in a chasm. In this case, the heavy metal post tumbled over him back while at work. The 3rd case was 39 year-old male who leapt out of a window in 5th story while fire broke out in living room by oil stove heating. He had multiple rib fracture with right hemothor x and right colle's fracture and pelvic bone fracture. The last 22 year-old male was run over by a gun carriage. The wheel of this gun carriage passed over his thorax and right chin. He was brought to this hospital by helicopter. when he was first examined at emergency room, he was in semicomatose state and has pneurmomediastinum with multiple rib fracture and severe subcutaneous emphysema. As soon as he arrived, bilateral closed thoracostomy was performed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done. In hospital 8th weeks, chest series showed fibrothorax in right side even if chest wall stabilized. All 4 cases had multiple petechiae over their facees and chest and bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages referred to as traumatic asphyxia. 3 cases except one case who received splenectomy, had been suffered from contusion pneumonia and had been treated with respiratory care. In these 3 cases, they had warning of impending injury before accident, and took a deep breath hold it and braces himself. And also, even if he had not impending fear in remaining one case, he had taken a deep breath and had got valsalva maneuver for pulling off the heavy metal post. Intrathoracic pressure rose suddenly and resulted to traumatic asphyxia in this situation. All these cases were recovered completely without sequelae except one fibrothorax, right.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.410-418
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• 2016

This study examined the prevalence of MIH and severity of hypomineralization exhibited by MIH-affected tooth based on the clinical examination of 950 children between age 8 and 9 in the city of Jeonju. The etiology was also studied utilizing a questionnaire on the MIH risk factors. The prevalence of MIH was 7.1%. The examined MIH-affected teeth showed statically significant difference in the degree of their hypomineralization (p < 0.05). The permanent first molar showed greater frequency of MIH compared to the permanent incisor, and the MIH code 2a and 3 were only observed in the permanent first molar (p < 0.05). From the questionnaire, showed the significant relationship between the occurrence of MIH and risk factors such as stress and antibiotics intake during pregnancy, low birth weight and events like hospital admission, frequent respiratory infection, high fever and long-term antibiotics intake within the three years of children's lives (p < 0.05). Among all the possible risk factors, the antibiotics intake during pregnancy only showed high correlation with the incidence of MIH (p < 0.05).

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcome of acute poststreptocaccal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) between patients who had presented with gross hematuria and those with microscopic hematuria. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, who were diagnosed from January 2000 to April 2003 were enrolled. Results: The mean age was 8.85 years and the male to female ratio was 1.1:1 Seventeen patients presented with gross hematuria at diagnosis(group A) and twenty-two patients had microscopic hematuria only(group B). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of edema, fever or history of respiratory infection and oliguria. But hypertension was more frequent in group B. Laboratory data showed decreased C3 and C4 level in group B. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24hr urine protein showed higher levels in group A. Conclusion; Patients with gross hematuria at diagnosis had lower incidence of hypertension and a higher rate of nephrotic range of proteinuna than patients with microscopic hematuria. However, no difference in the duration of admission or complication rate was observed. All patients had clinical improvement during follow-up. We conclude that gross hematuria is not a significant prognostic factor for poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.9 s.254
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• pp.595-600
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• 2005

Background: Colchicine with its immunosupressive properties has been used with benefcial effects in autoimmune disease, such as Gout, etc. Whether colchicine, by virtue of the above property, could attenuate the process of cardiac allograft rejection in the rats is investigated in this report. Material and Method: We compared the untreated group (Control, n=6), Cyclosporin A group (10 mg/kg, daily, n=20), and Colchicine derivative group (Colchicine 40 ${\mu}g$/kg, n=20) of cardiac allografts in the rats. Result: In the untreated control group (n=6), all of 6 rats showed rejection within 3 weeks after cardiac allograft. In the cyclosporin A group (n=20), cyclosporin A (10 mg daily oral dose) was administered at a 10 mg daily oral dose and promoted long-term survival (over 100 days). The cyclosporin A group had one mortality at the 18th post-operative day due to infection. Furthermore, in the Colchicine derivatives group (n=20) with a daily IP (Intra Peritoneum) dose (40 ug/kg/day), we observed long-term survival.(> 100 days), except for one rat that died of an anesthetic problem (respiratory failure) at the 9th post-operative day. Conclusion: Experiments have also been performed to evaluate whether the effect of colchicine derivatives allowed prolonged survival of cardiac allografts compared with the cyclosporin A administration group in the rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1201-1205
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristic changes of acute poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis(APSGN) in recent. The cases of APSGN occurred for the last ten years were divided into group I and II by the unit of 5 years and clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of each groups were analyzed. Methods : Total of 74 cases of APSGN, diagnosed at the department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1995 to August 2004 were divided into group I(31 cases from January 1995 to December 1999) & II(43 cases from January 2000 to August 2004). In addition, the clinical records of each group were reviewed retrospectively and compared. Results : In both groups, the prevalence rate was much higher in males than females, the seasonal prevalence rate was higher in winter, the upper respiratory infection was most frequent predisposing illness, and one to two weeks of latent period was the highest. However, the average age for group II were younger than group I. The prevalence rate of gross hematuria was higher in group II, but there was no significant difference between two groups. In the course of clinical symptoms, edema and hypertension were relieved within two weeks in both groups. In group II, the prevalence rate of proteinuria was higher, and the duration of proteinuria and gross hematuria were longer than group I. Conclusion : In this comparative study, the average age became younger. Clinically the duration of gross hematuria and proteinuria became longer, and the prevalence rate of proteinuria increased in recent 5 years. However, there was no difference between two groups in clinical courses and prognosis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early (1997-2002) and late (2003-2008), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim for this study was to investigate clinical manifestation of seasonal influenza A and B during the 2012 winter season in Wonju, South Korea. Their clinical and laboratorial characteristics and effect of oseltamivir were compared and analyzed. Methods: Children under the age of 18 years who visited the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital with fever or acute respiratory symptoms and who were diagnosed with influenza A or B by rapid antigen test from nasopharyngeal swab were selected for the study. The medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Influenza A was detected in 374 patients (83.7%), and influenza B in 72 (16.6%). The incidence of influenza A was highest in February (n=186), while that of influenza B was highest in March (n=36). The most common symptoms were fever (n=434, 97.1%) and cough (n=362, 81.0%). No significant differences were observed between influenza A and B in symptoms and laboratory data. Patients who had used oseltamivir within 2 days showed statistically lower admission rate, shorter admission duration, and lower incidence of pneumonia. Conclusion: This study found no statistical difference between influenza A and B, in symptoms, progression, and laboratory test, but those who were treated with oseltamivir given within 2 days of the onset of fever experienced more positive outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.804-810
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• 1998

Background: Multiple trauma patients have rapidly increased due to traffic accidents, industrial disasters, incidental accidents, and violence. Multiple trauma can involve injuries to the heart, lung, and great vessels and influence the lives, necessitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. Most of the thoracic injuries can be managed with conservative method and simple surgical procedures, such as closed thoracostomy, but in certain cases open thoracotomy is necessary. Materials and methods: The author analyzed the surgical result of 70 cases of open thoracotomy after multiple organ injury including thoracic organ. Results: The most common type of thoracic lesion was hemothorax with or without pneumothorax and diaphragmatic rupture was the second. Sixty percent of the patients were associated with bone fractures, 42.9% with abdominal injuries, and 37.1% with head injuries. The modes of operation were ligations of torn vessels for bleeding control(48.6%), repair of diaphragm(35.7%), and repair of lung laceration(25.7%) in this order of frequency and additional procedures were splenectomy(14.3%), hepatic lobectomy (8.6%) and repair of liver lacerations(5.7%). Postoperative complications were atelectasis (8.6%), wound infection (8.6%), and pneumonia(4.3%). Postoperatively six patients died(The mortality rate was 8.6%) and the causes of death were respiratory failure(2), acute renal failure(2), sepsis(1), and hypovolemic shock(1).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 1998

The management of malignant pleural effusion is a difficult problem. Tetracycline was probably the most commonly used sclerosing agent, but parenteral tetracycline is no longer available. This prospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of insufflated talc in producing plerodesisin patients with malignant pleural effusions. Fifteen patients managed between March 1995 and March 1997 underwent thoracoscopy and had 4 gm sterile asbestos-free talc insufflation throughout the pleural space. The mean interval between the procedure and last follow-up was 101 days(range: 25-233 days). The results of treatment were clinically and radiologically compared with pre-operative status. The results were as follows: 1. The patients were 6 men and 9 women with a mean age of 55.1 years(range: 31-74 years). The primary tumors were lung cancer in 10 patients, breast cancer in two, hepatoma in one, stomach cancer in one, and adenocarcinoma of unkown origin in one. 2. Cancer cell positive ratio was 36% in sputum cytology study and 100% in thoracoscopic biopsy. 3. Symptoms improved in 94% of patients treated by talc pleurodesis. 4. After 30 days of the procedure, there was radiologically no recurrence of plural fluid in 94% patients. 5. There were wound infection in one, respiratory failure in one. In conclusion, the insufflation of 4 gm sterile asbestos-free talc in the pleural space is an effective method to control malignant pleural effusions and patients selection is important factor for reexpansion the lung.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-181
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to help clinical studies for treating the common cold with Oriental medicine. We inspected tendencies of clinical studies of the common cold in western medicine and analyzed the assessing instruments for it by scrutinizing PubMed publications for the last five years. Materials and Methods: We inspected 32 theses and scrutinized their objectives, periods, participants, materials and methods, the instrument of assessment for the studies, and validity, reliability, criteria and symptom score for questionnaires, results and JADAD score. Results: 1. The median for total period of study was 7 months, the median for days of treatment was 7.5, and most studies were carried out during the winter/spring period, because of the enhanced risk of cold infections. 2. The studies focused on unorthodox medicines or new drug products, such as antipyretic analgesics (e.g. paracetamol), decongestant and bronchodilator (e.g. ephedrine), echinacea, antioxidants (e.g. zinc), probiotic bacteria and so on. 3. All theses except one had subjectscomposed of cold patients who were infected naturally. The median number of subjects for final analysis was 187. 4. 27 studies used survey as the instrument of assessment. Among these, only one thesis was verified for validity. 5. The mean of JADAD score was 4.41, suggesting most of theses of worth. 7 studies were assessed as ineffective. Conclusion: Recent studies of the common cold are focused on unorthodox medicines or new drug products, and it is necessary to provide an objective instrument for assessing common cold treatments.