• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2018

A new type of cascade sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is presented and studied. The cascade transducer is composed of two traditional longitudinally sandwiched piezoelectric transducers, which are connected together in series mechanically and in parallel electrically. Based on the analytical method, the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the cascade transducer is derived and the resonance/anti-resonance frequency equations are obtained. The impedance characteristics and the vibrational modes of the transducer are analyzed. By means of numerical method, the dependency of the resonance/anti-resonance frequency and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient on the geometrical dimensions of the cascade transducer are studied and some interesting conclusions are obtained. Two prototypes of the cascade transducers are designed and made; the resonance/anti-resonance frequency is measured. It is shown that the analytical resonance/anti-resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is expected that this kind of cascade transducer can be used in large power and high intensity ultrasonic applications, such as ultrasonic liquid processing, ultrasonic metal machining and ultrasonic welding and soldering.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.14-23
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• 1993

A method to measure the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer which is adhered to the specimen by the ultrasonic visualization is tried. The result shows that the resonance frequency of the transducer adhered to the specimen is lower than the nominal resonance frequency of the transducer in itself and the greater the degree of deviation. It is verified that its cause is the resonance of Al-plate for protecting the transducer by the theoretical analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.332-335
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• 2007

This paper presents a theoretical approach to describe the vibration characteristics of a piezoelectric shell transducer. Governing equations for the motion of the piezoelectric shell are classified and simplified according to the boundary conditions. Applied mechanical and electrical boundary conditions have yielded each characteristic equation for circumferential, longitudinal, and radial motions of the piezoelectric shell transducer. Theoretical calculations of the resonance frequencies have been compared with the results obtained by the experiment and have shown a good agreement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2009

We constructed a Class I flextensional transducer, and analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency of the transducer in relation to its structural and material variables. We used the FEM for the analysis. Total length of the transducer, thickness and material properties of the shell have large effects on the resonance frequency. While outer radius of the ceramic stack and material properties of the ceramic stack have no effect on the resonance frequency. In addition, the validation of the FE model was verified by manufacturing and comparison of the impedance analysis. Results of the present work can be utilized to design a Class I flextensional transducers of various resonance frequency.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.1962-1966
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• 2007

Transducer for ultrasonic linear motor with the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes was studied. The ultrasonic linear motor consists of two Langevin type piezoelectric vibrators that cross at right angles with each other in tip. In order to excite symmetric and anti-symmetric resonance modes, the transducer must have a phase shift of 90 degree in space and time. Therefore, the tip of transducer moves on an elliptical motion. In this paper, the finite element analysis was used to optimize dimension and displacement of the transducer. The ultrasonic motor was fabricated using the simulated result and the driving characteristics were measured. No-load velocity was 0.28[m/s] and the maximum efficiency was 30[%] in resonance frequency.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1996

A composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer is fabricated with three piezoelectric ceramic disk vibrators and two sheets of thin insulator. Its equivalent circuit is derived from the Mason's model of a thickness-driven piezoelectric vibrator. When the electric input near its fundamental resonance frequency is applied to the center vibrator and the output voltages across the left and the right vibrators are connected in series to the resistor loads, the load characteristics at resonance frequencies under the various resistor loads and the frequency characteristics near the resonance frequency without load are investigated. Furthermore, symbolic expressions for input impedances, voltage ratios, resonance frequencies, and bandwidths are derived. The data calculated from those symbolic expressions are agreed well with the measurement data.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.377-387
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• 1999

A piezoelectric flextentional deep-water sonar transducer has been designed using a coupled FE-HEM. The dynamics of the sonar transducer is modelled in three dimensions and is analyzed with external electrical excitation conditions. Different results are available such as steady-state frequency response for TX displacement modes, directivity patterns, resonance frequencies, TVRs. While the conventional barrel-stave typed sonar transducer of the piezoelectric material is designed, the external surface of the transducer is modified in order to allow the same hydrostatic pressure to be applied onto the inner and the outer surfaces of the transducer. With this modification for deep-water application, a new resonance mode is generated at lower frequency. This lower resonance mode can be adjusted according to the degree of the outer surface modification.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

Typically, photoacoustic images are obtained in water or gelatin because the impedance of these mediums is similar to that of the human body. However, these acoustic mediums can have an additional mass effect that changes the resonance frequency of the transducer. The acoustic radiation impedance in air is negligible because it is very small compared to that of the transducer. However, the high acoustic impedance of mediums such as the human body and water is quite large compared to that of air, making it difficult to ignore. Specifically, in a case where the equivalent mass is very small, such as with a micro-machined ultrasound transducer, the additional mass effects of the acoustic medium should be considered for an accurate resonance frequency design. In this study, a piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) was designed to have a resonance frequency of 10 MHz in the acoustic medium of water, which has similar impedance as the human body. At that time, the resonance frequency of the pMUT in air was calculated at 15.2 MHz. When measuring the center displacement of the manufactured pMUT using a laser vibrometer, the resonance frequencies were measured as 14.3-15.1 MHz, which is consistent with the finite element method (FEM) simulation results. Finally, photoacoustic images of human hair samples were successfully obtained using the fabricated pMUT.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.364-374
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• 2003

The performance of an acoustic transducer is determined by the effects of many design variables. and mostly the influences of these design variables are not linearly independent of each other To achieve the optimal performance of an acoustic transducer, we must consider the cross-coupled effects of the design variables. In this study with the FEM. we analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency and sound pressure of a flextensional transducer in relation to Its design variables. Through statistical multiple regression analysis of the results, we derived functional forms of the resonance frequency and sound pressure in terms of the design variables, and with which we determined the optimal structure of the transducer by means of a constrained optimization technique, SQP-PD. The proposed method can reflect all the cross-coupled effects of multiple design variables, and can be utilized to the design of general acoustic transducers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.1 s.106
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the variation in the vibration characteristics such as the natural frequency of a piezoelectric transducer under static pre-pressure. The transducer considered in this paper is a bolt-clamped Langevin-type transducer, which consists of a couple of piezoelectric discs, a couple of metal blocks for added mass effect, and a bolt to tighten them. A new analysis model for the transducer has been developed by taking into account the contact area between the piezoelectric ceramic disc and the metal block. The variation of the resonance frequency due to the pre-pressure has been calculated and compared with measured results reported earlier.