• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2018

A new type of cascade sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is presented and studied. The cascade transducer is composed of two traditional longitudinally sandwiched piezoelectric transducers, which are connected together in series mechanically and in parallel electrically. Based on the analytical method, the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the cascade transducer is derived and the resonance/anti-resonance frequency equations are obtained. The impedance characteristics and the vibrational modes of the transducer are analyzed. By means of numerical method, the dependency of the resonance/anti-resonance frequency and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient on the geometrical dimensions of the cascade transducer are studied and some interesting conclusions are obtained. Two prototypes of the cascade transducers are designed and made; the resonance/anti-resonance frequency is measured. It is shown that the analytical resonance/anti-resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is expected that this kind of cascade transducer can be used in large power and high intensity ultrasonic applications, such as ultrasonic liquid processing, ultrasonic metal machining and ultrasonic welding and soldering.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 1993

가시화 시험을 통하여 시험편에 부착된 초음파 진동자의 공진주파수의 측정을 시도하였다. 그 결과 시험편에 부착되어 있는 진동자의 공진주파수는 진동자 자체만의 공칭 공진주파수 보다 훨씬 낮게 나타났고, 그 정도는 주파수가 높은 진동자일수록 심하게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었는데, 이론적인 해석에 의한 검증 결과 그 원인이 진동자 보호용 알루미늄 판재의 공진에 의한 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.332-335
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• 2007

This paper presents a theoretical approach to describe the vibration characteristics of a piezoelectric shell transducer. Governing equations for the motion of the piezoelectric shell are classified and simplified according to the boundary conditions. Applied mechanical and electrical boundary conditions have yielded each characteristic equation for circumferential, longitudinal, and radial motions of the piezoelectric shell transducer. Theoretical calculations of the resonance frequencies have been compared with the results obtained by the experiment and have shown a good agreement.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2009

We constructed a Class I flextensional transducer, and analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency of the transducer in relation to its structural and material variables. We used the FEM for the analysis. Total length of the transducer, thickness and material properties of the shell have large effects on the resonance frequency. While outer radius of the ceramic stack and material properties of the ceramic stack have no effect on the resonance frequency. In addition, the validation of the FE model was verified by manufacturing and comparison of the impedance analysis. Results of the present work can be utilized to design a Class I flextensional transducers of various resonance frequency.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.1962-1966
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• 2007

Transducer for ultrasonic linear motor with the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes was studied. The ultrasonic linear motor consists of two Langevin type piezoelectric vibrators that cross at right angles with each other in tip. In order to excite symmetric and anti-symmetric resonance modes, the transducer must have a phase shift of 90 degree in space and time. Therefore, the tip of transducer moves on an elliptical motion. In this paper, the finite element analysis was used to optimize dimension and displacement of the transducer. The ultrasonic motor was fabricated using the simulated result and the driving characteristics were measured. No-load velocity was 0.28[m/s] and the maximum efficiency was 30[%] in resonance frequency.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1996

A composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer is fabricated with three piezoelectric ceramic disk vibrators and two sheets of thin insulator. Its equivalent circuit is derived from the Mason's model of a thickness-driven piezoelectric vibrator. When the electric input near its fundamental resonance frequency is applied to the center vibrator and the output voltages across the left and the right vibrators are connected in series to the resistor loads, the load characteristics at resonance frequencies under the various resistor loads and the frequency characteristics near the resonance frequency without load are investigated. Furthermore, symbolic expressions for input impedances, voltage ratios, resonance frequencies, and bandwidths are derived. The data calculated from those symbolic expressions are agreed well with the measurement data.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.377-387
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• 1999

결합형 유한요소-경계요소 기법을 사용하여 심해저용 유연형 압전체 쏘나 트랜스듀서를 설계하였다. 쏘나 트랜스듀서의 역학적 구동을 3차원적으로 모델링하였고 전기적 외부 부하 조건을 가지고 분석하였다. 쏘나 트랜스듀서의 정상 상태 변위 모드, 지향성, 공진 주파수, TVR과 같은 결과들을 보였다. 본 논문의 술통 형태의 압전체 쏘나 트랜스듀서를 설계하면서, 심해저용으로 사용하기 위해 쏘나 트랜스듀서의 내외부에 동일한 수압이 가해지도록 쏘나 트랜스듀서의 외부 표면 구조를 새롭게 변형시킨 결과 낮은 주파수의 새로운 공진 모드가 발생하였으나 그 크기는 외부 표면 구조 변형의 정도에 따라 조절될 수 있다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

Typically, photoacoustic images are obtained in water or gelatin because the impedance of these mediums is similar to that of the human body. However, these acoustic mediums can have an additional mass effect that changes the resonance frequency of the transducer. The acoustic radiation impedance in air is negligible because it is very small compared to that of the transducer. However, the high acoustic impedance of mediums such as the human body and water is quite large compared to that of air, making it difficult to ignore. Specifically, in a case where the equivalent mass is very small, such as with a micro-machined ultrasound transducer, the additional mass effects of the acoustic medium should be considered for an accurate resonance frequency design. In this study, a piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) was designed to have a resonance frequency of 10 MHz in the acoustic medium of water, which has similar impedance as the human body. At that time, the resonance frequency of the pMUT in air was calculated at 15.2 MHz. When measuring the center displacement of the manufactured pMUT using a laser vibrometer, the resonance frequencies were measured as 14.3-15.1 MHz, which is consistent with the finite element method (FEM) simulation results. Finally, photoacoustic images of human hair samples were successfully obtained using the fabricated pMUT.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.364-374
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• 2003

The performance of an acoustic transducer is determined by the effects of many design variables. and mostly the influences of these design variables are not linearly independent of each other To achieve the optimal performance of an acoustic transducer, we must consider the cross-coupled effects of the design variables. In this study with the FEM. we analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency and sound pressure of a flextensional transducer in relation to Its design variables. Through statistical multiple regression analysis of the results, we derived functional forms of the resonance frequency and sound pressure in terms of the design variables, and with which we determined the optimal structure of the transducer by means of a constrained optimization technique, SQP-PD. The proposed method can reflect all the cross-coupled effects of multiple design variables, and can be utilized to the design of general acoustic transducers.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the variation in the vibration characteristics such as the natural frequency of a piezoelectric transducer under static pre-pressure. The transducer considered in this paper is a bolt-clamped Langevin-type transducer, which consists of a couple of piezoelectric discs, a couple of metal blocks for added mass effect, and a bolt to tighten them. A new analysis model for the transducer has been developed by taking into account the contact area between the piezoelectric ceramic disc and the metal block. The variation of the resonance frequency due to the pre-pressure has been calculated and compared with measured results reported earlier.