• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권6호통권67호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2005

Ice resistance on ice-transiting vessels is one of th￡ important issues concerning th￡ design of ships with ice classes. In this study, th￡ development of GUI software for estimation of ice resistance on ice-transiting vessels is discussed. lee resistance estimation equations, based on model tests and full-scale sea trial data from many previous research articles, are studied in conjunction with two ship categories i.e., ,icebreakers/supply/tug vessels and ice-strengthened cargo vessels. lee resistance estimation equations are summarized in common format and are compared with each other. The GUI software 'Ice View,' written in MS Visual Basic language, can calculate ice resistances according to varying ice thickness and ship speed. The software can provide the calculated results, with suitable tables and graphs, for easy comparison of each ice resistance estimation equation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1989

Pyrethroid계 살충제인 cypermethrin과 carbamate계 살충제인 pirimicarb를 공시하여 실내 감수성계통 복숭아혹진닷물(Myzus persicae)을 인위적으로 루대도태한 후, 저항성 발달속도와 정도를 조사하고, 이들 저항성 계통의 타살충제에 대한 교차저항성 유무와 그 정도를 검토하였다. 저항성 발달속도는 cypermethrin 20세대 도태계통에서 도태전에 비하여 20.5차 증가하였으나, pirimicarb 20세대 도태계통에서는 3.2배 증가에 그쳐 살충제 종류에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. Cypermethrin 도태계통은 acephate와 pirimicarb에 대해서 , pirimicarb 도태계통은 acephate와 cypermethrin에 대해서 교차저항성을 나타내었다. 그러나 cypermethrin, pirimicarb 도태계통은 demeton-S-methyl에 대해서 비교우저항성을 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2014

The contamination status of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable shellfish from the south and west coasts of Korea and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated V. parahaemolyticus were investigated from July through October, 2011. The range of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations in oysters Crassostrea gigas and short neck clams Venerupis philippinarum was <30~290 MPN/100 g and <30~46,000 MPN/100 g, respectively, and greater than 10,000 MPN/100 g of V. parahaemolyticus was detected from 7 of 40 short neck clams. During the survey period, 436 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated (129 from oysters and 307 from short-neck clams) and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of all of the isolates were examined. Antimicrobial resistance against at least one antibiotic was seen in 79.8% of the oyster isolates (103 strains) and 63.8% of the short neck clam isolates (196 strains). The antimicrobial resistance patterns were relatively simple because the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was simply due to resistance to ampicillin. Only one oyster isolate and three short neck clam isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance, i.e., resistance against more than four antibiotics.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1990

Pyrethroid계 살충제 fenvalerate를 공시하여 실내 감수성계통 배추좀나방(Plu tella xylostella L.)을 인위적으로 누대도태한 후 저항성 발달속도와 정도를 조사하고, 이 저항성계통의 타 살충제에 대한 교차저항성 유무와 정도를 검토하였다. 저항성 발달속도는 fenvalerate 24세대 도태계통에서 도태전에 비하여 66.2배 증가하였다. Fenvalerate 도태계통은 pyrethroid계 살충제인 deltamethrin에 145배의 고도의 교차저항성을 나타내었고, alphamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, tetramethrin에 17.4 -45.0배의 교차저항성을 나타내었다. 유기인계 diazinon, dichlorvos, ethoprophos, EPN과 카바메이트계 BPMC, carbaryl, methorny I에서는 2.1-4.3배의 낮은 교차저항성을 나타내었다. 그러나, 유기인계의 acephate, fenitrothion과 카바메트계 carbofuran에 대해서 비교차저항성을 나타내었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.256-275
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• 1992

Insects are among the most important abiotic and biotic constraints to rice production. National rice research programs are in various stages in the development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) stratagies for rice insect control. Among the various control tactics, insect resistant cultivars are sought as the major tactic in rice IPM. Through the activities of interdisciplinary teams of scientists significant progress has been made in the development and release of insect resistant cultivars to farmers. Because of its compatibility with other control tactics insect resistance has proven to fit well into the IPM approach to rice insect control agents and minimize the need for insecticide applications. The development of biotypes which overcome the resistance in rice plants has been a significant constraint in the breeding of rice for resistance to insects. Most notable examples in Asia are the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lygens and the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae. The current breeding stratege is to develop rice cultivars with durable resistance on which virulent biotypes cannot adapt. In spite of the significant progress made in the breeding of insect resistant cultivars there are still numerous important rice insect species for which host plant resistance as a control tactic has not been fully utilized. Advances in biotechnology provide promise of solving some of the problems that have limited the use of host plant resistance as a major tactic in the integrated management of rice insect pests.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.640-642
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• 1995

This paper describes the present state and development prospect on the protective relaying under high resistance earth faults in transmission systems. Especially it is difficult to detect the fault accompanied with high resistance contary to low resistance. In the complicated power system if the detection is failed, power failure will be occured in large area. New technology with respect to such a problem must be developed. This paper introduces research and development trend in home and abroad.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2013

Adipose tissue-derived chronic inflammation contributes to development of insulin resistance in obesity, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Baicalin, a flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, anti-adipogenic, and antiobesity effects. However, whether baicalin attenuates adipose tissue-derived development of insulin resistance remains still unclear. This study was to investigate effect of baicalin on the inflammatory changes involved in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. RAW 264.7 cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of baicalin in complete media for 1 h and then cultured in the presence or absence of LPS or TNF-${\alpha}$. Our results demonstrated that baicalin remarkably inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and NO by RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin also inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced production of IL-6 and $PGE_2$ in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while upregulated TNF-${\alpha}$-suppressed expression of adiponectin and PPAR-${\gamma}$ mRNA and IRS-1 protein. These findings suggest that baicalin may prevent the adipose tissue-derived development of insulin resistance in obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2019

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing species that exhibits a lower natural resistance than that exhibited by the timber sourced from natural forests. Jabon's resistance to termite attack can be improved by impregnating its wood structure with poisonous organic materials. This study examined jabon's resistance to termite attack when impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive. The wood specimens were impregnated using sengon wood vinegar and an animal adhesive (8% and 10%, respectively) using a vacuum pressure machine. The specimens were tested for their resistance to subterranean and dry-wood termites according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The results denoted that jabon impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive concentration of at least 8% with the addition of 4% borate was effective to resist termite attacks. The impregnated jabon exhibited a lower weight loss and higher termite mortality when compared with those exhibited by the control specimens. Thus, the resistance class improved from class IV to class I.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2001

Insect pests can be controlled through direct application of insecticides. Insect control by residual protectants is relatively inexpensive and has an advantage of destroying all stages of infestations. The efficacy of control is largely determined by the concentration of insecticides to which the pest species is exposed. A reduction in the period of control in the field afforded by a specific level of a protectant indicates that resistance has developed. An increase in the level of protectant is required to maintain control, and the efficacy of currently used insecticides has been severely reduced by insecticide resistance in pest species. Development of resistance to particular insecticide varies with species because insecticide resistance is often correlated with increased levels of certain enzymes, which are cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Some sections of insecticide molecules can be modified by one or more of these primary enzymes. A reduction in the sensitivity of the action site of a xenobiotic also constitutes a mechanism of resistance. Acetylcholinesterase is a major target site for insecticide action, as are axonal sodium ion channels and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid receptors. Development of reduced sensitivity of these target sites to insecticides usually occurs. This review not only may contribute to a better understanding of insecticide resistance, but also illustrates the gaps still present for a full biochemical understanding of the resistance.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2015

A sequential planting method was developed to screen rice plants with durable resistance against rice blast in a short time, and applied for several years in Korean rice breeding program. In this study, we showed the advantages of a sequential planting method compared to other pathogenicity tests. The correlation analysis among three pathogenicity tests and other factors demonstrated that durable resistance depended on the average of diseased leaf area and the number of compatible pathogens. Significant correlations were found in the nursery test but not in the field test result. In addition, we traced changes in the pathogen population during sequential planting stages through re-isolation of the pathogen. The portion of compatible pathogens was increased during sequential planting. Through this study, we provide an effective sequential planting method and direction of durable resistance in a breeding program.