• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-160
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived experience by poor elderly people. The research question was 'What is the structure of the lived experience of life of a poor elderly people.' The sample consisted of 21 single poor elderly persons in Pusan. The unstructured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using the Van Kaam method. This study was 368 responses which yielded of descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The result generated 74 common elements, 18 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 5 identifications of the structural definition. The structural definitions and hypothetical definitions were as follows; 1. physical discomfort ; complaints of severe pain ; dysfunction of physical organs 2. emotional cognition ; despair ; resignation ; attitude toward death 3. support system ; interaction with family ; thinking about God ; economical difficulties ; expectancy of social services ; opinions about health service ; leisure ; interaction with neighborhood ; dissatisfaction due to inadequate environment 4. past reminiscence ; negative reminiscence of one's past ; past regret ; positive reminiscence of one's past 5. desire ; desire of unrealization life ; self satisfaction The significance of this study for nursing are; Comprehension of the lived experience of client and identification' of nursing approach method concerning the lifestyle of client.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to contribute to providing more effective basic data for adults 'oral health management in their future. Methods: The study investigated factors that influence oral health care and oral health behavior depending on the heterosexual status for about one month from Aug. of 2017 on 20 unmarried adults living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using the SPSS WIN 21.0 statistical program. Results: The factors affecting the oral health behavior were high (p<0.001) while oral hygiene products (p<0.05) and interdental toothbrush (p<0.05) were found to have a positive effect on oral health behavior. However, it was found that the times of brushing were less than three (p<0.05) and the time for brushing was two minutes (p<0.05), which negatively affects oral health behavior. The concern of oral health was high (p<0.001), whiledental hygiene products (p<0.05), interdental toothbrush (p<0.05) and mouth saliva (p<0.05) were found to have positive effects on oral health care. Conclusions:Based on the results above, it was found that the concern and the behavior of oral health increased depending on the heterosexual status. The reason for this is that the motivation for oral care is more likely to be induced to make oneself attractive by making a resignation. Therefore, in order to promote oral health care and oral health activities, it is necessary to precede the motivation.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.39-70
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• 2014

Toegye pursues a life of pleasure, joy and nobility. Anyone who is a scholar shall feel a joy in learning and practicing. However, not everyone can enjoy true pleasure or true calling through self-cultivations. Everybody wants "a joy of distant friends' visitations." But most of Confucian scholars prefer forests as a place of learning and self-cultivation. Toegye especially likes a forest life and then gives same value to walking as to reading. "Not to be angry even if not recognized" must be a high stage of self-cultivation. Toegye does not pursue fame or glory and always resign into a country life. His life-time resignation makes him obtain great after-death fame and glory. Thus, nobody feels jealousy against him but adores him.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.177-187
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of exploring the experiences of workers with disabilities on job change according to the COVID-19 situation. To this end, the data from the 2020 survey on economic activity for the disabled and data from the National Statistical Office were used, and the analysis was conducted using a literature study method. The results were as follows. First, COVID-19 had caused a change in the working pattern of wage workers with disabilities. Second, the degree of employment security for the disabled had deteriorated after COVID-19. Third, non-wage workers were experiencing difficulties in business operation due to COVID-19. Fourth, it had affected the resignation due to COVID-19. Fifth, there were difficulties in finding a job due to COVID-19. Through this, it was found that the economic activities of the disabled were being greatly restricted due to COVID-19. Accordingly, a proposal for a solution was made. This study is meaningful in that it explored the instability of the domestic disabled people's labor market due to COVID-19 based on data.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to describe clinical nurses' lived experiences of workplace verbal violence through qualitative research using descriptive phenomenology. Methods: Six female Korean nurses who had less than 5 years of clinical experience and had experienced verbal violence in the workplace within the past year participated in the study. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with the participants and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: A total of 27 codes, eight themes, and four theme clusters were derived from the participants' statements. The four theme clusters of the clinical nurses' experiences of verbal violence in the workplace were as follows: "tip of the iceberg," "beyond me and my control," "fear and resignation," and "personal burden." The participants recognized that nurses experienced verbal violence daily, and that the causes of and responses to verbal violence were determined by external situational factors rather than nurses' individual problems. This suggests that nurses felt that they had no choice but to personally cope with verbal violence and bear the consequences due to systematic indifference and silence about verbal violence experienced by clinical nurses. Conclusion: The findings show that verbal violence was pervasive and unmerited, yet often endured at the cost of a personal burden to nurses. A clear definition of verbal violence and education for employees are needed, and a reporting system should be established to report all forms of violence regardless of the severity of the incident.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate the defense style of insomnia patients and to grasp the differences in defense style between primary insomnia patients and insomnia patients with history of major depressive disorder. Methods: Forty three subjects with insomnia (11 subjects with primary insomnia and 32 subjects with major depressive disorder) and 138 control subjects participated in this study. To diagnose insomnia and major depressive disorder, interviews including structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) were done. To assess the defense style, self-reported Korean version of Defense Style Questionnaire (K-DSQ) were completed by the participants. Results: Compared to normal controls, subjects with insomnia used more acting out (t=3.25, p<0.01), consumption (t=2.66, p<0.01), fantasy (t=3.51, p<0.001), resignation (t=5.42, p<0.001), suppression (t=3.28, p<0.01), projection (t=3.92, p<0.01), splitting (t=4.31, p<0.01), undoing (t=2.66, p<0.01), withdrawal (t=6.72, p<0.001) and isolation (t=3.80, p<0.001), and less omnipotence (t=4.08, p<0.001) and humor (t=3.20, p<0.01). Compared to normal controls, subjects with primary insomnia used more undoing and withdrawal. Compared to subjects with primary insomnia, subjects with insomnia with history of major depressive disorder used more resignation and withdrawal, and less humor. Conclusion: In the current study, there were differences in defenses between primary insomnia patients and insomnia patients with major depressive disorder history. To evaluate the pattern of defenses through the K-DSQ might provide important clues to differentiate these two conditions.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine public health nurses for their morale, test the effect of each factor on the morale, determine the variables affecting the morale, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of personnel affair administration for nurses. The survey on the nurses for public health centers was conducted for 10 days from April 23 to May 2, 2001; 96 nurses from Pusan, 101 from Kyonggi-do and 108 from Kangwon-do. The results of the study are as follows; 1. For the demographic variables, those aged between 31 and 39 accounted for the majority $(50.2\%)$ of the sample. $90.8\%$ was married, and $67.9\%$ of the sample graduated from junior colleges. $29.6\%$ of them had worked for 10-14 years and $62.5\%$ was of the seventh rank. $62.3\%$ of the nurses was recruited, and $59.4\%$ had chosen the public job for its guaranteed status. Half the nurses were working for the county population of which was more than 260 thousands, and $53\%$ of the nurses was serving the public health centers with 11-15 members. $47.3\%$ of them perceived that their living standard is middle or lower. 2. The degree of the moral was found as mean score. 2.65, which is interpreted as low. It has 11 factors. The rank of mean score of the factors is job satisfaction (3.36), sense of belonging (3.36), sense of recognition (3.30), stress due to supervision (3.13), degree of participation (3.05) and self-achievement (3.04), while those scoring lower points were assurance of status (2.58), pay level (2.53), working conditions (2.35) and promotion opportunity (2.31). 3. The degree of moral depending on the demographic variables was significantly affected by such variables as age. academic background, career, rank, employment method, motive for the job, size of the population served and living standards. 4. The result of the Stepwise multiple regression analysis for the morale factors, it was found that self-achievement accounted for $61\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale, followed by stable status $(18\%)$, working conditions $(8\%)$, job requirements $(4\%)$ and promotion opportunities $(2\%)$; these five factors explained about $94.6\%$ of total variance of the degree of nurses' morale. On the other hand. age $(8\%)$ and academic background $(2\%)$ accounted for $10\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale. 5. The factors affecting nurses' job life was economic need $(26.7\%)$, personnel management $(17.5\%)$, sense of recognition $(13.2\%)$, human relationship $(11.0\%)$, stable status and personal development in rank. On the other hand, the factors influencing on their possible resignation were children's bringing-up $(27.8\%)$, poor personnel management and promotion $(13.3\%)$, workload $(11.1\%)$ and little personal development $(8.9\%)$, Since such morale factors as promotion opportunity, working condition. pay level and stable status scored lower, it is required to reconsider those factors to improve nurses' morale.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.316-327
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• 2011

This study focuses on drawing implications in the development of practical adaptation strategies of migration women by marriage. For this study, eight migration women by marriage were chosen and their adaptation strategies as a wife, daughter-in-law, and as mother to adapt themselves to family lives were observed. For this, phenomenological method was adopted and their adaptation strategies were analyzed mainly in terms of their relationships within a family. Their adaptation strategies drawn in this study could be categorized into 11 themes, 26 theme bundles and 76 meanings. First, in relation to their husband, their adaptation strategies were 'to live relying on their good husband' and 'to think of their husband as their supporter.' Second, the adaptation strategies with regard to their parents-in-law were 'to exclude their husband's family' and 'to admit their caregiving.' Third, their adaptation strategies in terms of their relation to the children, were 'to set their children as the goal for marriage life,''to incorporate themselves with the local community,' 'to be equipped with authority as a parent' and 'to raise the children as a Korean.' In addition, their psychological adaptation strategies displayed their admittance of changes, maintaining their own identity, their sustenance of self-esteem and the resignation. Finally, based on these results, this study suggested ways to facilitate their adaptation to family life as well as the essence of their adaptation strategies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

Purposes : This study was to investigate the job stress and turnover intention related to transfer of duty post of staff nurses working in general hospitals. Method : The subjects of this study were 384 staff nurses working in 6 general hospitals, with more than 200 beds, in Daegu and Kungbuk province in Korea. Data were collected through questionnaires and from Sep. 15 to Oct. 6, 2001. The used tool for measuring the degree of job stress was developed by Kim and Gu(1984) and the used tool for measuring the degree of turnover intention was developed Kim and Lee(2001). The data were analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc contrast, Pearson's correlation coefficient according to the purpose of study by use SPSS Win 10.0 statistical program. Results : The following are the results of the study: (1) Average score of the job stress, turnover intention of resignation of the subjects were 2.64 and 4.44. (2) The result of the analysis of job stress related to transfer of duty post was higher in job stress; not satisfaction of current duty post(t=-2.06, p=0.04). (3) The result of the analysis of turnover intention related to transfer of duty post was higher in turnover intention; period of the an advance notice when transfer to current duty post less than 7day(F=3.55, p=0.02), not satisfaction of current duty post(t=-2.45, p=0.02), want the transfer from current duty post(t=3.68, p=0.00). (4) The study reveals that there was statistically significant positive correlation relationship between job stress factors and turnover intention(r=.183, p=.000). Conclusion : The study which relating to period of the an advance when transfer and satisfaction of current duty post and reconsideration of transfer of duty post shows statistically significant difference between job stress and turnover intention. Therefore it is regarded that is needed to set a period of profer advance notice, grip on unsatisfactory factor of current duty post and intervention and management of the subjects were wanted transfer of duty post.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 236 statements of causal perception were collected. Thirty eight Q-samples of causal perception were selected. The P-sample for this study were made up of 28 first visiting female rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatoid arthritis specialty hospital. Each respondent responded Q-set of causal perception according to 9-point scale. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. 1) Typological Observation on Causal Perception (1) Physical Fatigue Type : Type 1 perceived that the illness occurred due to excessive work requiring physical labor or strain that had occurred from not resting after excessive physical labor, therefore, thinking the origin of the illness was from physical strain. (2) Physical origin Type : Type 2 perceived that the major cause for the illness is not only excessive physical labour but also fecundity and old age. (3) Causality to Environment Type : Type 3 perceived that rheumatoid arthritis occurred from injury to the joints or bad and humid weather. (4) Conscience of Guilty Type : Type 4 consisted of people with guilty conscience for lack of religious commitment. They perceived that the illness was a punishment from God for not praying or because of bad luck. (5) Rationally Perceiving Type : People who belong in type 5 perceived the cause of illness in light of scientific facts such as genetics, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise. (6) Psychological Stress Type : People who belong in type 6 believed that excessive stress was the cause of the illness. 2) Emotions of Rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatoid arthritis patients' positive emotions included determination, courage, coping, acceptance, hope, and adoption ; and their negative emotions were prostration, worry, stupor, conflicts, grievance, giving-up, resignation, depression, loss, solitariness, fear, anxiety, avoidance, anger and loneliness. Rheumatoid arthritis patients experience different level of emotions from their suffering experience from the severe pains. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also experience negative emotions when they could not perform self-care and lose their self-esteem from painful suffering ; however, they regain positive emotions when they recover from pain with the use of drugs, physical therapy or exercise. Their emotional states are closely connected to level of and presence of pain.