• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권4호
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• pp.484-490
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• 2013

본 연구는 낙엽송 개체목의 가공처리 과정에서 생산되는 제재목 및 제재 부산물의 양을 분석하기 위한 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 이 모델에서는 수간곡선 추정식을 이용하여 개체목의 전간재적을 산출하고 절동된 원목에 대한 목재 가공 시뮬레이션을 통해 판재 및 각재, 원주목의 규격에 따른 최대 생산가능량을 예측하였다. 또한 제재목 가공처리 과정에서 생산되는 톱밥 및 죽데기의 잔존재적에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 흉고직경 12 cm 이상부터 제재목의 생산이 가능한 것으로 나타났고, 제재목의 생산이 가능한 경우에는 보다 큰 규격의 판재와 각재를 생산하는 것이 상대적으로 작은 규격의 판재와 각재 혹은 원주목을 생산하는 것에 비해 더 많은 생산량을 얻을 수 있었다. 향후 이 모델은 낙엽송의 이용재적 산출을 통한 산림의 경제적 가치평가는 물론, 최근 목질계 바이오에너지 자원으로서 그 중요성이 점차 높아지고 있는 톱밥과 같은 제재 부산물의 양을 예측하는 데에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

In this study, we separated the lignin from the wood by using the high boiling point solvent for developing more environmental friendly pulping method. High boiling point solvents as Ethers, glycols and ketones were used to remove the lignin in the pine wood meals. The Yield and lignin content of residual wood meals was reduced according to the input of the catalyst. Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK had the best delignification rate of 9 kinds of high-boiling point solvents. At the hydrolysis ratio of the selected solvents, The TEG was highest remain ratio of carbohydrates and the E-Ca was lowest remain ratio of lignin. And the Me-C was most excellent lignin hydrolysis ratio at the low catalyst. The selectivity of delignification of Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK solvents were 49.6, 49.9, 53.8 and 53.1%, respectively, and its values were similar to those of the commercial Kraft Pulp.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFP) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. EFB and PKS are valuable lignocellulosic biomass that can be used for various purposes. If EFB and PKS are used as alternative raw materials for making pellets instead of wood, wood could be saved for making pulps or other value-added products. In order to explore their combustion characteristics, EFB and PKS were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with ultimate and proximate analyses. From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred in the range of 280 to $400^{\circ}C$ through devolatilization and combustion of fixed carbon. After $400^{\circ}C$, their combustion were stabilized with combustion of residual lignin and char. PKS contained more fixed carbons and less ash contents than EFB, which indicated that PKS could be more active in combustion than EFB.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.706-710
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• 2010

Understanding of chemical composition and energy contents in tree is important to develope strategies of renewable energy policy to cope with climate change. Residual biomass as renewable energy source was evaluated and focused on the bark-containing branches. Chemical analysis studies were conducted for different part of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), which were partitioned to inner bark, outer bark, small branches, medium branches, big branches and trunk. The variations in hydrophobic extractives, hydrophilic extractives, lignin, carbohydrate compositions, energy contents (higher heating value) and the ash content were determined. The inner and outer bark had higher ash content, hydrophobic and hydrophilic extractives content, and higher energy content than those of tree trunk. Polysaccharides content in inner and outer bark was quite lower than those of stem or branches. Based on the energy content of residual biomass, replacement of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emission abatement were calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 잎담배처리공정 및 궐련제조공정에서 분리되어 배출되는 바이오매스 중에서 가장 많은 양을 차지하는 황색종 주맥 바이오매스의 화학성분, 세포벽 물질 조성 및 비등온 조건에서의 열분해 특성에 대해 분석평가 하였다. 주맥 바이오매스에는 전건시료 기준으로 조회분이 19.1%, 전당성분은 20.7%로 다량 함유되어 있었고, 무기원소 중에는 칼륨이 3.8%, 개별당 중에는 fructose 함량이 6.2%로 가장 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 세포벽 성분 중 리그닌 함량은 3%로 낮았지만 펙틴의 함량은 7%로 높았으며, 홀로셀룰로오스는 전체의 13% 정도를 차지하였고, 이중 $\alpha$-셀룰로오스의 함량은 약 60%, 나머지는 $\beta$와 $\gamma$-셀룰로오스로 나타났다. 공기기체 조건과 질소기체 조건에서 황색종 주맥의 열분해 특성은 서로 다르게 나타났는데, 특히 산소가 존재하는 공기기체 조건에서는 $473^{\circ}C$와 $581^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 질소기체 조건에서는 나타나지 않는 열감량 피크들이 DTG 곡선에서 나타났으며, 이 중 $581^{\circ}C$ 온도에서의 피크는 열수추출하여 용해성분을 제거한 주맥의 열분해 시에는 발생하지 않았다. 분리된 용해성 성분을 냉동건조 시킨 후 열감량 분석을 실시한 결과 이 피크가 용해성 성분에서 기인된 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 주맥 바이오매스의 헤미셀룰로오스와 셀룰로오스 열분해 특성차이는 질소기체 조건에서 더욱 확실하게 구별되어 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.167-173
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• 2006

Deinking is a series of unit operations designed to detach ink from cellulose fibers and separate the dispersed ink from the pulp slurry. Deinking chemicals are process aids that enable expensive mill equipment used in these unit operations to operate more efficiently - often much more efficiently. We propose the blended deinking agent with cellulolutic enzymes and synthetic collector in deinking pulp of conventional alkaline method. The deinking efficiency of old news print in alkaline pH was enhanced with enzyme treatments. The brightness of deinked pulp was increased with less residual ink particles and yield of enzymatic deinked pulp was improved compared to the deinked pulp of conventional alkaline method. Enzymes in biomass were use to Chemical Deinking for reduce environment pollution through surfactant and improve surfactants. examining into compatibility Enzymes and surfactants, these new materials are studied efficiency of deinking efficiency.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2009

백합나무를 원료로 바이오 에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 알칼리 가수분해 처리 후 잔재물을 상업용 혼합 셀룰라아제(Celluclast 1.5L과 Novozym 342)를 사용하여 효소당화 후, 발효하여 바이오 에탄올을 생산하였다. 알칼리 가수분해 후 51.1%의 목재 성분이 회수 되었으며, 이중 셀룰로오스가 82.2%, xylan이 17.6%와 리그닌 2.0%의 조성을 보였다. 백합나무의 알칼리 가수분해과정에서 셀룰로오스 96.9%, xylan 38.0%, 리그닌 5.7%가 잔류하였다. 알칼리 가수분해 잔류물을 상업용 혼합 셀룰라아제에 의한 효소 당화결과, 셀룰로오스의 glucose 전환율은 87.0%였으며 xylan의 xylose로의 전환율은 87.2%였다. 분해된 단당류를 발효효모를 사용하여 바이오 에탄올을 생산하였는데 Saccharomycess cerevisiae 균주는 대부분의 glucose를 발효에 사용하였고, 0.4-1.4%의 소량의 glucose만을 잔류 시킨데 대하여, xylose의 경우는 92.1-99.5%가 잔류하여 이 균주는 발효과정에서 xylose를 거의 사용하지 않았다. 24시간 발효에서 에탄올의 농도는 57.2 g/L수준이었지만 발효 균주에 의한 에탄올 소비로 인하여 48시간 및 72시간 발효에서 에탄올 농도가 각각 56.2 g/L와 54.3 g/L로 점차 감소하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2024

Lignin, a prominent constituent of woody biomass, is abundant in nature, cost-effective, and contains various functional groups, including hydroxyl groups. Owing to these characteristics, they have the potential to replace petroleum-based polyols in the polyurethane industry, offering a solution to environmental problems linked to resource depletion and CO₂ emissions. However, the structural complexity and low reactivity of lignin present challenges for its direct application in polyurethane materials. In this study, Kraft lignin (KL), a representative technical lignin, was fractionated with ethanol, an eco-friendly solvent, and mixed with conventional polyols in varying proportions to produce polyurethane films. The results of ethanol fractionation showed that the polydispersity of ethanol-soluble lignin (ESL) decreased from 3.71 to 2.72 and the hydroxyl content of ESL increased from 4.20 mmol/g to 5.49 mmol/g. Consequently, the polyurethane prepared by adding ESL was superior to the KL-based film, exhibiting improved miscibility with petrochemical-based polyols and reactivity with isocyanate groups. Consequently, the films using ESL as the polyol exhibited reduced shrinkage and a more uniform structure. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope observations confirmed that lignin aggregation was lower in polyurethane with ESL than in that with KL. When the hydrophobicity of the samples was measured using the water contact angle, the addition of ESL resulted in higher hydrophobicity. In addition, as the amount of ESL added increased, an increase of 7.4% in the residual char was observed, and a 4.04% increase in Tmax the thermal stability of the produced polyurethane was effectively improved.