• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

When dealing with outdoor images in a variety of computer vision applications, the presence of shadow degrades performance. In order to understand the information occluded by shadow, it is essential to remove the shadow. To solve this problem, in many studies, involves a two-step process of shadow detection and removal. However, the field of shadow detection based on CNN has greatly improved, but the field of shadow removal has been difficult because it needs to be restored after removing the shadow. In this paper, it is assumed that shadow is detected, and shadow-less image is generated by using original image and shadow mask. In previous methods, based on CGAN, the image created by the generator was learned from only the aspect of the image patch in the adversarial learning through the discriminator. In the contrast, we propose a novel method using a discriminator that judges both the whole image and the local patch at the same time. We not only use the residual generator to produce high quality images, but we also use joint loss, which combines reconstruction loss and GAN loss for training stability. To evaluate our approach, we used an ISTD datasets consisting of a single image. The images generated by our approach show sharp and restored detailed information compared to previous methods.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2020

Accurate estimation of human pose relies on backbone method in which its role is to extract feature map. Up to dated, the method of backbone feature extraction is conducted by the plain convolutional neural networks named by CNN and the residual neural networks named by Resnet, both of which have various architectures and performances. The CNN family network such as VGG which is well-known as a multiple stacked hidden layers architecture of deep learning methods, is base and simple while Resnet which is a bottleneck layers architecture yields fewer parameters and outperform. They have achieved inspired results as a backbone network in human pose estimation. However, they were used then followed by different pose estimation networks named by pose parsing module. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comparison between the plain CNN family network (VGG) and bottleneck network (Resnet) as a backbone method in the same pose parsing module. We investigate their performances such as number of parameters, loss score, precision and recall. We experiment them in the bottom-up method of human pose estimation system by adapted the pose parsing module of openpose. Our experimental results show that the backbone method using VGG network outperforms the Resent network with fewer parameter, lower loss score and higher accuracy of precision and recall.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.12
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• pp.1106-1114
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• 2012

In order to provide high data rate and real time services under maritime environment, link-level performance of ship ad-hoc network (SANET) based on 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) specifications are investigated and discussed in this paper. The measured maritime channel, whose delay spread is longer than the length of guard interval (GI) of both 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.11p specifications, is adopted for the link-level simulations. For the purpose of eliminating inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to insufficient GI length, double antenna pattern (DAP) scheme and advanced time-domain decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) are proposed for LTE and WAVE systems, respectively. The proposed DFE removes the ISI in a same manner as the residual inter-symbol interference cancellation (RISIC) algorithm, but the inter-carrier interference (ICI) is reduced via cyclicity removal instead of cyclicity restoration used in the RISIC algorithm. Compared with existing schemes, our proposed DFE is a robust technique to overcome the severe ISI channel which has a comparatively large delay spread. Based on simulation results, not only comparisons between systems are discussed, but also some reformative suggestions are given.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 자막방송 제공을 위해 방송콘텐츠를 이해하는 방법으로 잔차 합성곱 순환신경망 기반 음향 사건 분류 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 잔차 합성곱 신경망과 순환 신경망을 연결한 구조를 갖는다. 신경망의 입력 특징으로는 멜-필터벵크 특징을 활용하고, 잔차 합성곱 신경망은 하나의 스템 블록과 5개의 잔차 합성곱 신경망으로 구성된다. 잔차 합성곱 신경망은 잔차 학습으로 구성된 합성곱 신경망과 기존의 합성곱 신경망 대비 특징맵의 표현 능력 향상을 위해 합성곱 블록 주의 모듈로 구성한다. 추출된 특징맵은 순환 신경망에 연결되고, 최종적으로 음향 사건 종류와 시간정보를 추출하는 완전연결층으로 연결되는 구조를 활용한다. 제안된 모델 훈련을 위해 라벨링되지 않는 데이터 활용이 가능한 평균 교사 모델을 기반으로 훈련하였다. 제안된 모델의 성능평가를 위해 DCASE 2020 챌린지 Task 4 데이터 셋을 활용하였으며, 성능 평가 결과 46.8%의 이벤트 단위의 F1-score를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2024

In this paper, a test bed for real-time network Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) research was constructed using reference stations of the NGII. A group of candidate station networks was derived, including three stations in Seoul. The group consisted of four stations with a distance of less than 100 km between them. Among several candidates, a network composed of stations with short distances between them and demonstrating good data quality for all reference stations was selected as the test bed. After collecting real-time data in Radio Technical Committee for Maritime services (RTCM) format from the selected stations and conducting a noise analysis on measurements, mm-level carrier phase measurement noise was confirmed. Afterwards, the user set the reference station inside the test bed and analyzed the network RTK positioning performance of the MAC method using the GPS L1 frequency as post-processing. From the result of the analysis it was confirmed that the residual error for all users was within 10 cm after applying the correction. Additionally, after determining integer ambiguities through Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA), it was confirmed that the fix rate was 100%, and all ambiguities were resolved as true values.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2018

The susceptibility of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis and garden thrips, Frankliniella intonsa was evaluated using 51 commercial insecticides. 15 kinds of insecticides which showed more than 90% mortality against both thrips, F. occidentalis and F. intonsa was selected. Many active ingredients were misused and abused in commercial mixture formulation insecticides. Since the F. intonsa was more susceptible than F. occidentalis, it was considered that both thrips can be controlled by insecticides that showed insecticidal activity on the F. occidentalis. Lethal time ($LT_{50}$ and $LT_{95}$), systemic toxicity and residual toxicity of selected insecticides were compared. Both chlorpyrifos WP and chlorpyrifos + diflubenzuron WP revealed the fastest toxicity within 2 h ($LT_{95}$), while spinetoram WG revealed the slowest toxicity as 62.3 h ($LT_{95}$). Chlorfenapyr SC showed toxicity at foliar and drenching application while spinetoram WG was toxic only in foliar application. Chlorfenapyr SC showed residual effect at 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after treatment and both benfuracarb WG and chlorpyrifos WP showed residual effect at 3 days after treatment. As a result of treatment of selected insecticides for field population of F. occidentalis, the population collected from horticultural crops showed lower susceptibility than the population collected from vegetable crops.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the residual effects of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag applied in rice paddy fields as soil conditioner one year before. The experimental fields of Lim et al. (2000) located in Youjung and Nampyung were used for this purpose. Both variety (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjinbyeo) and cultural practices were the same as those in Lim et al. (2000). Soil chemical properties, plant height, number of tillers per plant, yield and yield components were observed. The temporal variation of treatment mean value in soil chemical properties appeared to be similar trends in both Youjung and Nampyung experimental fields. Soil pH and Ca content were still significantly higher than those in control treatment up to July of the second season, but decreased progressively as time passed. However, the effects lasted longer as slag rate became higher. BOF slag seems to have residual effects as a soil conditioner or Ca fertilizer in soil for two years. BOF slag rate of $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ raised soil pH almost the same as lime rate of $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Content of $SiO_2$ in soil applied slag appeared to be higher compared with control. Fe and Mg content in soil with slag treatment was significantly higher than that of control in 1997, but it was almost the same level as that of control in 1998. In YouJung experimental field, rough rice yield of slag teatment became higher as slage rate incresed. Slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed the highest rough rice yield of $5,400kg\;ha^{-1}$ among treatment, which was 14% higher than that of control with $4,720kg\;ha^{-1}$. Slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed relatively higher plant height and higher number of tillers at the early growth stage compared with other treatments. In NamPyung experimental field, rough rice yield was the highest at the plot of lime rate $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and became higher as slag rate increased. There were no significant differences in rough rice yield between lime treatment and slag treatments. Slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed the highest rough rice yield of $7,170kg\;ha^{-1}$ among slag treatment, which was 8% significantly higher than that of control with $6,670kg\;ha^{-1}$. Slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed relatively slower growth in plant height at the early growth stage, but superior growth at the later growth stage, and significantly higher number of spiklets per panicle and 1000-grain weight than that of control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

Drought index can be used to implement an early warning system for drought and to operate a drought monitoring service. In this study, an approach was examined to determine agricultural drought index (ADI) at high spatial resolution, e.g., 270 m. The value of ADI was calculated based on soil water balance between supply and demand of water. Water supply is calculated by the cumulative effective precipitation with the application of the weight to the precipitation from two months ago. Water demand is derived from the actual evapotranspiration, which was calculated applying a crop coefficient to the reference evapotranspiration. The amount of surface runoff on a given soil type was also used to calculate soil residual moisture. Presence of drought was determined based on the probability distribution in the given area. In order to assess the reliability of this index, the amount of residual moisture, which represents severity of drought, was compared with measurements of soil moisture at three experimental between July 2012 and December 2013. As a result, the ADI had greater correlation with measured soil moisture compared with the standardized precipitation index, which suggested that the ADI would be useful for drought warning services.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

A comparative experiment was conducted to investigate the persistence of chlorfenapyr residue and its biological activity to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, after treatment of chlorfenapyr suspension concentrate (10% SC) on paprika plants at recommended (2000 times dilution) and double dosage. Biological half-lives of chlorpfenapyr were estimated as 8 and 5 days in leaves and fruits of paprika plants, respectively. While initial deposits of chlorfenapyr residues in leaves at recommended and double dosages were 22.22 and 37.75 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ at the time of application, its residue decreased to 1.56 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ and 3.62 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ at 29 days after treatment, respectively. Residual biological activity of chlorfenapyr SC to T. urticae at recommended dosage lasted for 7 or 15 days on the basis of 24 or 48-hrs mortality test assayed with feeding on excised leaf chlorfenapyr-treated. The control efficacy to the mite showed a good agreement with the persistence of chlorfenapyr residues in leaves.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.7 s.110
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• pp.889-896
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• 2006

ATM Forum has defined a guaranteed frame rate (GFR) service to serve Internet traffic efficiently. The GFR service provides virtual connections (VCs) for minimum cell rate (MCR) guarantees and allows them to fairly share the residual bandwidth. And ATM Forum has recommended a frame-based generic cell rate algorithm (F-GCRA) as a frame classifier, which determines whether an Am cell is eligible to use the guaranteed bandwidth in a frame level. An ATM switch accommodates cells in its buffer or drops them in a frame level according to current buffer occupancy. A FIFO shared buffer has so simple structure as to be feasibly implemented in switches, but has not been able to provide an MCR guarantee for each VC without buffer management based on per-VC accounting. In this paper, we enhance the F-GCRA frame classifier to guarantee an MCR of each VC without buffer management based on per-VC accounting. The enhanced frame classifier considers burstness of TCP traffic caused by congestion control algorithm so as to enable each VC to use its reserved bandwidth sufficiently. In addition, it is able to alleviate the unfairness problem in usage of the residual bandwidth. Simulation results show that the enhanced frame classifier satisfies quality of services (QoSs) of the GFR service for the TCP traffic.