• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2003

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in essentially all natural and synthetic materials from petrol to flowers. In this study, indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations of houses, offices and internet-cafes were measured and compared simultaneously with personal exposures of each 50 participants in Asan and Seoul, respectively. Also, factors that influence personal VOCs exposure were statistically analyzed using questionnaires in relation to house characteristics, time activities, and health effects. All VOCs concentrations were measured by OVM passive samplers (3M) and analyzed with GC/MS. Target pollutants among VOCs were Toluene, o-Xylene, m/p-Xylene, Ethylbenzene, MIBK, n-Octane, Styrene, Trichloroethylene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. Indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations measured in Seoul were significantly higher than those in Asan except Ethylbenzene. Residential indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for all target compounds ranged from 0.94 to 1.51 and I/O ratios of Asan were a little higher than those of Seoul. Relationship between personal VOCs exposure, and indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations suggested that time-activity pattern could affect the high exposure to air pollutant. Factors that influence indoor VOCs level and personal exposure with regard to house characteristics in houses were building age, inside smoking and house type. In addition insecticide and cosmetics interestingly affected the VOCs personal exposure. Higher exposure to VOCs might be caused to be exciting increase and memory reduction, considering the relationship between measured VOCs concentrations and questionnaire (p<0.05).

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2018

본 연구는 LSTM기반의 전력수요 변동성 평가 시스템을 제안하고 핵심모듈인 수요예측모듈의 정확성을 증명하기 보다는 실제 전력수요 모니터링 시스템 내 딥러닝을 이용하여 갑작스러운 전력패턴의 변화를 인지할 수 있는 모듈에 대한 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 웹기반 시스템에 모듈로 적용하여 관리자가 전력사용 패턴의 변동성을 판단할 수 있도록 시각화된 보고서를 제공하였다. 변동성 평가시스템의 구현 결과 관공서와 병원 등의 기관의 경우 전력사용량 데이터가 일정한 형태의 패턴을 보임을 확인하였다. 반면 주거시설과 같이 전력사용량이 상대적으로 낮은 지역의 경우 변동성 평가에는 적절하지 않았음을 확인했다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2022

In order to reflect traditional elements in modern design, designers should be able to creatively apply elements of traditional Chinese clothing. To understand this, a deep understanding of and insights into the traditional clothing culture are required. In this study, the characteristics of traditional Chinese women's clothing from the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties of China to the Qing Dynasty were analyzed by dividing them into silhouette, color, pattern, materials, and detail. The characteristics of the silhouette were classified into A, H, X, and O types, of which types A and H were the most common. As for the color characteristics, there are relatively many five cardinal colors, and for the contrast of colors complementary colors were mainly used. As the for pattern characteristics, real patterns, animal patterns, character patterns, geometric patterns, and mixed patterns were used. Four types of materials were mainly used: silk, hemp, cotton, and wool. The detail characteristics were also anlyzed by classifying them into collar, sleeve, neckband, and gusset. Based on the results of this analysis, a satisfaction survey was conducted on the design of modern Chinese women's clothing. The result of satisfaction with design elements showed that the images of vest and suit were most preferred, H and X silhouettes, and yellow and white were the most preferred. Geometric and plant patterns were preferred, as were silk and acetate materials. Based on the result of chi-square analysis of design element preferences according to the characteristics of the subject, there was no difference according to occupation, residential area, or income, and there were differences in silhouette, color, materials, and detail according to age.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-70
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• 2003

도시농경지의 토지이용경향을 살펴보면 이들의 상당부분은 개발용지와 같은 도시적 용도 또는 고수익 형태의 시설경작지로 전환되고 있다. 따라서 도시농경지에서 시설경작지가 차지하는 비율은 다른 경작지 유형에 비해 향후 더욱 높아질 것으로 보이며 이에 따라 시설경작지의 경관생태적 특성을 파악하고 관리방안을 모색하여 지역을 넓은 공간과 시간의 관점에서 계획하고 관리하도록 하는 기초를 마련하고자 하였다. 서울시의 시설경작지는 주로 서울의 남동부에 위치하고 있으며 평균면적은 19.83ha로 다른 농경지 유형에 비해 넓고 Shape Index 분석결과에 의하면 주변부가 상당히 단순한 패취이다. 또한 시설경작지 패취에 인접한 상위 3개의 토지이용을 분석하면 시설경작지 패취에 가장 많이 인접해 있는 유형은 교통시설지로 분석패취의 60%에 인접해 있었으며, 분석패취의 43%가 산림지에, 36%가 다른 유형의 농경지에, 그리고 33%가 주거지에 인접해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시설경작지 주변의 주된 토지이용이 교통시설지로 나타나는 것은 농작물 생산과 유통을 용이하게 하기 위한 것으로 보인다 따라서 이러한 경관생태적인 분석결과를 토대로 농경지 관리가 이루어지도록 하여 도시환경보전과 생물다양성 증진에 기여하도록 하는 것이 중요하다

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2015

최근 교통 분야에서 발생하는 교통 빅데이터 (교통카드 데이터, ATMS 데이터 등)의 분석결과를 교통 정책에 활용하는 사례가 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 또한 교통 데이터 분석 기법을 기존의 단순 빈도 분석 기법에서 다양한 데이터 마이닝 기법으로 확장하여 교통 데이터 속에 숨어있는 의미를 파악하려는 연구도 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교통카드 데이터에 대하여 토픽모델링 기법 중의 하나인 LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) 기법을 적용하여 청주시 버스 승객들의 이동패턴을 분석한다. 이를 위해 교통카드 데이터의 하차 결측치를 추정하고, LDA 기법을 적용하여 이동패턴을 추출하였다. 또한 LDA 분석으로 도출된 값을 측정값으로 하여 다차원적 분석을 함으로써 청주시 버스 승객들의 이동패턴 특징을 파악할 수 있다. 분석 결과, 청주시의 경우 크게 1) 시외지역에서 터미널을 이용해 청주시에서 유입되는 패턴, 2) 주거지역에서 상업지역으로 이동하는 패턴, 3) 청주 인근 학교에서 상업 지역 (청주 중심가)로 이동하는 패턴을 발견할 수 있었다. 이동패턴은 도시 계획, 대중교통서비스 향상, 버스 노선 신설 등 다양한 교통정책의 수립에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2016

Changes in road infrastructure affect driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics. we analyzed the changes in driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics of the driving route via measured driving patterns at year 2009 and 2016. Since 2009, there has been an increase in population and traffic demand, including residential areas and industrial facilities. Traffic conditions were improved such as the opening of the highway Inter-Change to Seoul and the construction of underground driveway. As a result, the average vehicle speed increased. More detail comparisons have made on the changes of the underground driveway section and the crossroad section, which are expected to have significant changes in the transportation infrastructure. The vehicle speed distribution of the underground driveway changed from low speed to high speed, and the increase of the time spent at the high speed and high load caused the increase of NOx emissions. The vehicle speed also increased at the crossroad section, and the consequence NOx and $CO_2$ emissions decreased. It is mainly because the decreased time spent at idle, which results from the proper traffic demand management at this area.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.227-266
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• 1999

The idea of identification have become a subject of discussion ever since the time man started to contemplate on the meaning and value of his being. However, the concept of identity defined by theorists such as sociologists or cultural historians influence the consumption pattern of the major consumer group, in conjunction with the advent of the mass consuming age. The conflict and mutual realization among variable generations and residential areas of different. consumer levels profoundly affect the formation of the identity of the new generation and the role and experience of women. This series of transit is progressing more rapidly due to the characteristic situation of the expiration of a millenium. Advertising strives to control our interests and ideas on the products we choose to use and affects our identity by manipulating images of successful people. People tend to be influenced more significantly by the mass-culture than by people around them, such as family or friends, in rendering their self?identity; in which process, adopting the identity produced by mass-media and advertising. Such identity is conducted partly of the product identity and the stereotyped image suggested by mass-media. This study bears significance in the attempt to provide actual data and expand the realm of ideas and planning in future advertising through demonstrative analysis of self-identity creative in Korean TV advertising.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

어둡고 한정된 지하공간의 이미지의 개선은 지하개발 성공여부에 중요한 결정요소가 되고 있다. 주거단지 지하주차장의 조명환경은 지금까지 양적 위주의 설계와 운영이 이루어졌으나 이제는 지하주차장 공간의 질적 향상이 필요한 때이다. 이를 위해서 우선 고려해야 할 두 가지는, 첫째로 주차장에서 주로 사용되는 광원에 대한 이해이며, 둘째는 균제도의 향상이다. 특히 겨울철 외기의 영향에 의한 주차장 실내의 심각한 조도저하와 균제도의 유지를 위한 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 따라서 조명기구의 간격, 배열에 대한 변화가 필요하며, 운용에 있어서는 시간에 따른 일률적인 기존의 제어방법에서 벗어나 이용패턴을 고려한 방식으로의 전환이 요구된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2014

Recently, various researches and projects about electric vehicles are in progress vigorously and continuously and it is expected to penetrate rapidly with the next a few years. This deployment will cause the change of load composition rate affecting on power system planning and operations. Therefore, a new load model should be developed integrating with electric vehicle loads. In this paper, the load composition rate of residential sectors is analyzed considering the deployment of this mobility load such as electric vehicles and a new diffusion model is proposed based on the classification of the replacement patterns. Additionally, electric vehicle charging loads are basically modeled by some individual load experiments to develop new load models for smart place and some new conceptual power systems such as micro grids.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to estimate the levels of pollution to which the community is presently exposed and to model the regimes of local air quality. Diurnal, daily, and monthly variations of NO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were thoroughly investigated in three areas; namely, residential, industrial, and terminal in Ras Al-Khafji. There is obvious diurnal variation in the concentration of these pollutants that clearly follows the diurnal variation of atmospheric temperature and main anthropogenic and industrial activities. Correlation analysis showed that meteorological conditions play a vital role in shaping the pattern and transportation of air pollutants and photochemical processes affecting O₃ formation and destruction. Bivariate polar plots, an effective graphical tool that utilizes air pollutant concentrations' dependence on wind speed and wind direction, were used to identify prevailing emission sources. Non-buoyant ground-level sources like domestic heating and street transport emissions, various industrial stacks, and airport-related activities were considered dominant emission sources in observatory sites. This study offers valuable and detailed information on the status of air quality, which has considerable, quantifiable, and important public health benefits.