• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.218-227
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• 2023

Background: Since 2019, the Ministry of Environment has implemented a seasonal fine dust management system from December to March, targeting high PM_2.5 levels with the aim of reducing PM_2.5 concentrations and protecting public health. The focus of improving the seasonal management system lies in the atmospheric PM_2.5 levels. Considering the primary goal of protecting public health, it is necessary to analyze the policy effects from an exposure perspective rather than a concentration-based approach. Objectives: This study aims to quantitatively assess the improvement of indoor PM_2.5 levels and the health impacts of the seasonal management system by comparing the periods before and during its implementation in residential environments. Methods: PM_2.5 concentrations within residential environments in a metropolitan area were measured using an optical particle counter (IAQ-C7, K-weather, Ltd, Korea) at one-minute intervals during the pre-implementation period (November 21~25, 2022) and during the implementation period (December 19~23, 2022). Based on the measured PM_2.5 concentrations, a quantitative evaluation of cancer and mortality risks was conducted according to age and gender. Results: The results of comparing indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations before and during the implementation of the seasonal management system showed a decrease of approximately 56.6% and 47.9%, respectively. Health risk assessments revealed that both the safety-limit-based and safety-target-based Hazard Quotients (HQ) exceeded the threshold of 0.1 for children under 19 years of age, both before and after the implementation. The mortality risk decreased by approximately 47.9% after the implementation, with children aged 0-9 showing the highest mortality risk at 0.9%. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirmed the positive health impacts of the seasonal management system across all age groups, particularly children under 19 who are more vulnerable to fine dust exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

Korea faces a wide range of problems in areas such as safety, environment, and traffic due to the rapid economic development and urbanization process. Despite the local governments’ efforts to deal with electronic civil complaints and solve urban problems, civil complaints have been on the increase year by year. In this study, we collected civil complaint data over the last six years from a small and medium-sized city, Jinju-si. In order to conduct a spatial distribution pattern analysis, we indicated the location data on the area through Geocoding after classifying the reasons for civil complaints and then extracted the location data of the civil complaint occurrence spots in order to analyze the correlation between electronic civil complaints and land use. Results demonstrated that electronic civil complaints in Jinju-si were clustered in residential, central commercial, and residential-industrial mixed-use areas—areas where land development had been completed within the city center. After analyzing the civil complaints according to the land use, results revealed that complaints about illegal parking were the highest. Regarding the analysis results of facility distribution within a 50m radius from the civil complaint areas, civil complaints occurred a lot in detached housing areas located within the commercial and residential-industrial mixed-use areas. In the case of residential areas(old downtown), civil complaints were condensed in the areas with many ordinary restaurants. This research explored civil complaints in terms of the urban space and can be expected to be effectively utilized in finding solutions to the civil complaints

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.394-407
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• 2016

The spatial air pollution distribution of the Ulsan metropolitan region (UMR) was analyzed using monitoring data and high-resolution numerical simulations. A three-year (2011~2014) analysis for the average concentrations from the 13 air quality monitoring sites in the UMR showed that $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ levels in industrial regions were much higher than those in other regions, whereas spatial differences of $NO_2$ and CO concentrations were not significant. In particular, elevated $O_3$ concentrations were clearly found at urban sites near petrochemical complex area. Results from high-resolution simulations by CMAQ model performed for four months of 2012 showed large spatial variations in grid-average pollutant concentrations between industrial areas and other areas in the UMR, which displayed significant changes with wind pattern by season. It was noted that the increases of $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ levels were limited in costal industrial areas or over the area nearby the sea in all seasons. Modeled $O_3$ concentrations were quite low in industrial areas and main urban roads with large $NO_x$ emissions. However, the model presented that all pollutant concentrations were significantly increased in the urban residential areas near the industrial complexes in summer season with increase of southerly wind.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.179-189
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• 2019

Korea's transportation paradigm is shifting from a vehicle-centered to a pedestrian-oriented society. Therefore, the interest in pedestrian safety and the improvement of pedestrian environment is also increasing. However, the level of traffic safety in Korea is still severe. It is needed to improve pedestrian safety and pedestrian environment. This study studied pedestrian-vehicle accident data provided by the Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS) for 2013-2015 to build a safe walking environment around school zones, and the relation between the school zones and pedestrian-vehicle traffic accidents were identified through the geographic information system(GIS) and spatial regression model. The main results are as follows. First, both road and public transportation factors are likely to increase pedestrian traffic accidents in school zones. Second, regarding land-use factors, residential, commercial, and industrial areas are found to increase pedestrian traffic crashes. On the other hand, mixed use is likely to play a role on the reduction of pedestrian traffic accidents. Finally, it has been shown that high development density also has a positive effect on pedestrian traffic accidents in school zones.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of bathroom environment for stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 97 who have experience in rehabilitation therapy at hospitals in Busan. A questionnaire was distributed and collected from February 24th to March 13th, 2014. Results : First, the subjects demand for improvement that non-slip tile and safety handle on bathtub. Second, they preferred the sliding door, sliding door handle, shower booth of convenient facility, non-slip tile, built-in cabinet, L-shaped safety handle, natural ventilating window, floor heating, easier bathtub to enter, bathtub with handle, tilted sink, water temperature index, toilet with safety handle, and bath chair. Conclusion : This study would contribute to bathroom environment for safety and ease in use.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

Purpose: Generally, rural housing in Korea have had target of people who are in good physical health rather than the disabled. Therefore, it is difficult to offer high quality residential environment for the elderly and the disabled. The purpose of this study is to propose the ways to promote ease and safety in the rural housing. Methods: This study evaluates the accidents, improvement factors, satisfactions, complaints by space of 153 rural housing in Taebaeksi. Results: This study divides the a rural house into 7 sectors : a passage to entrance, an entrance hall, a livingroom, a bedroom, a bathroom, a kitchen, and utility room. this study propose the following plan that rural housing to be barrier free space. First, in passage to entrance of the house, people with disabilities should not experience difficulties in walking, so installing ramps to remove the stepped slope grade without slip so that the floor finish should be. Second, entrance hall need more space to change and keep wheelchair. Third, switches and handle should be installed various height and form depend on the behavior of residents. Forth, install a drain to make no changes in level of bathroom. Implications: This research could be the basic data to renovate the rural housing.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

As the country's elderly people who are 65 years or older recently exceeded 10% of the total population with development of medical technology and improvement of living standards, Korea has turned into an aging society. Especially in Gyeonggi-do, as of late December 2012, elderly people who were 65 years or older were 1,135,242 persons, taking up 18.98% of the region's population and registering the largest number of elderly people in the nation's cities or provinces. Due to such a sharp rise in elderly population, support for the elderly is increasing the burden on families and communities. The study aims to take as its subjects elderly people staying at authorized elderly welfare facilities, who are weak in mind and body and have difficulty in daily life with disabilities, or adult day care facilities that take care of elderly people during the day or at night, examine the concept of adult day care facilities and instances in foreign countries, and study the status of the adult day care facilities located in Gyeonggi-do, their services, and safety by figuring out space arrangement based on program implementation. Spacial arrangement in program operation should satisfy fuction and purpose from the manager and user's perspective, and a desirable program operation should provide separate spaces for the elderly with Alzheimer's and those without Alzheimer's. Compared to residential care facilities, adult day care facilities incur less financial burden and, compared to other authorized services, have many right functions that can upgrade the quality of users and satisfy their desires. Major countries like Japan, the UK, and Sweden recognize the right functions of day and night care services and aggressively support and utilize adult day care facilities. For adult day care facilities, quality services should be developed and use and choices should be enhanced as regards services. Development of special programs for the elderly with dementia and stroke, instead of simple protective functions of a program, must be actively promoted, while manpower training is required for program operation, conveniences, and safety. By developing and providing space arrangement models that focus on efficiency, convenience, and safety of program operation, adult day care operation can be revitalized, while quality of elderly care may be enhanced and welfare budget can be saved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

This study empirically analyzes the effect of pedestrians' personal and household characteristics and accessibility to public facilities on a walking safety satisfaction (WSS) level. The aim is to find ways to improve vulnerable pedestrians' WSS level and contribute to the creation of an inclusive urban environment. As a result of the analysis, age and gender variables were important for elderly people, and education was an important factor for disabled people. The WSS level was impacted by the factors of single-person households, income, and residential areas. In the case of accessibility to public facilities, the greater the satisfaction with accessibility to public institutions, urban parks and green areas, and public transport, the greater the WSS for the elderly and the disabled. And, the greater the satisfaction with accessibility to commercial facilities, the greater the WSS was for the elderly's WSS. However, the satisfaction with access to medical facilities was the opposite in the case of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.306-315
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• 2004

Yangjae stream, stretching through Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu, is a representative city stream with its environmentally friendly stream makeover project model, launched in 1995. The district of Gangnam-gu, the subject of this study, is under high pressure from the residents for its use as a huge residential areas close to the stream. The study has two main purposes. The first is to identify the condition and characteristic of utilization of Yangjae stream which is currently being increased in use by the stream restoration. Secondly, the study aims to suggest the environment-friendly management to accomplish arrangement of the naturally friendly stream based on the identification survey, The result from the user survey with 303 valid answer sheets show that the people from neighboring residential areas use this stream a lot doing exercising(51.8%) and taking a walk(24.4%) in their free time. Also regular use rate is high, and people are likely to use it alone(30.4%) or as a family(28.4%). With regard to the need of facility increase, even though the respondents required resting places in the shade(80.8%) most, overall, additional introduction of facilities was analyzed as unnecessary(78.8%). safety issue(22.0%) and a lack of convenience facilities(17.6%) and resting places in the shade(16.6%) are pointed as main problems while the users are generally satisfied(59.5%) with the stream. Improving walk-way and planting trees for shade on the slope were designed as a solution for these problems. For securing safety through improvement of walk-way, the scattering of pressure of current walk with building new walk using berms was presented. In order to increase safety on the walk-way(see above figure), the study proposes to build a new walk-way with berms to disperse excessive pressure. It also suggests the tree planting to provide shade in the stream and to make a provision for the planting of forest trees in the current law.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.439-450
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• 2023

The Yeongsan River, a major water resource for Jeollanam-do, that is adjacent to industrial complexes and agricultural areas, is exposed to water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of water pollution incidences and prepare response systems for river environment safety for other water resources in the future. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was applied to the mainstream of the Yeongsan River where residential, commercial, and agricultural areas are located to analyze the behavior of pollutants conducting the scenario analysis. Considering the pollutants that affected the study area, two pollutants, oil and benzene, with different physical and chemical characteristics were selected for the analysis. As a result of comparing the actual and simulated values of the water elevation, temperature, and flow rate, it was confirmed that the model adequately reproduced the hydraulic characteristics of the Yeongsan River. The oil flow dynamics showed that an increase in flow rate led to reduction in the maximum height of the slick. Notably, the behavior of the oil was predominantly influenced by the wind conditions. In the case of benzene, lower flow scenarios exhibited decreased arrival times and residence times accompanied by an elevation in the maximum concentration levels. From the results of pollutant behavior in the study area, it is feasible to utilize the section of tributary confluence for collection and the weir area for dilution. This study enhances the understanding of the pollutant's behavior with different characteristics and develops effective control systems tailored to the physicochemical attributes of pollutants.