• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-110
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• 2003

This study analyzed data from 1997 Korea's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey collected through telephone questionings based on the multi-stage stratified random sampling. We categorized respondents into those who had ever drunk an alcoholic beverage in the last month and those who didn't and, referring to the World Health Organization's guideline, the former group were further categorized into low risk drinking group and high risk drinking group. Employing bivariate probit regression analyses with censoring on independent variables such as preferred type of alcoholic beverage, the number of types of beverages consumed, age, marital status, education, occupation, residential area, current smoking, body mass index and stress suggested (1) that those who prefer soju are more likely to involve high risk drinking than those who and prefer the other alcoholic beverages (2) that those who are relatively older, who live without a partner, who have jobs, who. are vulnerable to stress, or who enjoy more than one type of beverage are more likely to be exposed to high risk drinking than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the consumption patterns of convenience foods by university students according to where they reside. The subjects were 572 university students in Changwon and Masan who were divided into three groups by their residential type; students living with their parents (n=297), self-boarding students (n=139), and students living in a dormitory (n=136). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Among all students, 22.4% skipped breakfast, and the major reason was lack of time (38.1%). Convenience food intake at lunch was 39.1%, and that of snacks was 35.4%. In particular, convenience food intake at lunch was 45.9% for students living with their parents, 30.9% for those self-boarding, and 32.6% for those living in a dormitory (P<0.01). Approximately 66% of the students said that the reason they bought convenience food was that it was easy to cook. Those who were residents of a house (P<0.001) believed that nutritional imbalance was a problem with convenience food. The students who lived in the dormitory ate frozen fried pilaff (P<0.01), canned vegetables (P<0.05), packed kimchi (P<0.001), and Ramyon cups (P<0.001) more, while the self-boarding students ate Ramyon (P<0.05) more. The results suggest that it is necessary to educate people how to buy reasonably by understanding the interrelationship between convenience food and health care and by checking the nutrition index label on convenience foods.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.217-231
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to research the locational characteristics of commercial land use. So this study deals with the realation between land use pattern and the factors which influence commercial land use. To perform this purpose we choose Apgujung-Dong as a case study area which is specially characterized as fashion street. Commercial facilities are spreading into the inner residential areas in Apgujung-Dong. To raise the efficency accuracy of research, informations of lands and buildings are analysed with EXCEL, ARC/INFO, SPSS The results are : (1) The characteristics of lots and buildings in Apgujung-Dong are different in kinds of commercial facilities. (2) The floor where commercial facilities are to locate varies with functions. (3) Commercial land use pattern is influenced by lot size, building size and story, accessibility, adjacent land use, etc. (4) QS is a useful tool in relation with urban land use analysis.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 1988

Empathy was defined in this study as the vicarious affective response of a person to the perceived experience of another. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between empathic development of children and intimacy with parents, socio-economic status, and children's empathic response to specific affective situations happy, sad, angry and fearful. The subjects for this study were 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old children attending an elementary school located in Seoul. Among the subjects, 158 boys and 149 girls lived with their parents, and 20 boys and 35 girls were reared in orphanges. They were from a residential area with higher, middle, and lower class families. The instruments consisted of two modified empathy measures and two questionnaires developed by the researcher. One of the empathy measures was based on Feshbach & Roe's affective situation test for empathy. In order to determine the eight themes, 20 children were interviewed individually about situations that made them "happy, sad, angry, and afraid". From the pool of responses, eight themes representing happy, sad, angry and fearful situations were selected. Each story consisted of a series of three pictures accompanying narration. Another modified empathy measure was developed by the researcher based upon Bryant's empathy scale. This measure consisted of 17 statements describing happy, sad, angry and fearful situations. The items in this scale were selected from a pilot study. The two questionnaires developed by the researcher were to test children's intimacy for their parents and feminity. The data was analyzed with T-test and F-test. Children's intimacy with their parents, particularly, son's intimacy with their mothers, was a significant variable in empathic development. Children living with their parents had higher scores on Feshbach & Roe's Empathy Test than those brought up in orphanages. In general, the older the children the higher the empathy score. Girls were more empathic than boys on Bryant's scale. The subjects showed their highest empathy score in the sad, and the lowest in the fearful situation. The older the children the higher the empathy score in the sad and angry situations. These results reflected children's life experiences and cultural differences. Particularly, mother-son intimacy found in this study contrasts with the mother-daughter intimacy found in American studies.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Purpose: The study aims to improve the quality of emergency medical services by surveying the user's satisfaction of 119 emergency medical services nationwide. Methods: From December 21 to December 27 each year from 2015 to 2017 a total of 5,889 people were surveyed by phone call in fire station. Results: The average degree of satisfaction with the emergency medical services was 4.17±0.70, with 85.1% respondents reporting being 'satisfied'. Factors like being a patient, injuries, residential area, and scene arrival time affected satisfaction. From 2015 to 2017, the satisfaction degree decreased every year, with factors affecting this results including "first aid guidance of phone call" and "rapidity of emergency medical services." The highest satisfaction factors were 'friendly acting of emergency medical services' and 'appropriate offer of emergency medical services', while the lowest satisfaction factors were 'first aid guidance of phone call' and 'adequacy of emergency medical team'. Conclusion: The quality of emergency medical services needs to be improved by managing the quality of phone call first aid guidance and the assignment of adequate emergency medical teams to increase user satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Recently, the demand for industrial and residential lands are being increased with economic growth, however, it is difficult to acquire the land for development with good ground condition. For efficient and balanced development of land, new development projects are being carried out not only the areas with inland but those with the soft ground as well. As soft grounds have complex engineering properties and high variations such as ground settlement especially when their strength is low and depth is deep, it needs to accurately analyze the engineering properties of soft grounds and find general measurement for stabilization and economic design and management. Prefabricated vertical drain technology is widely used to accelerate the consolidation of soft clay deposits and dredged soil under the preloading and various types of vertical drain are being used with the discharge capacity. Under field conditions, the discharge capacity is changed with various reason, such as soil condition, confinement pressure, long-term clogging and folding of vertical drains, and so on. Therefore, many researcher and engineer recommend the use of required discharge capacity. In this paper, the experimental study were carried out for two different types of vertical drains by utilizing the large-scale model tests and waste lime.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2012

The pros and cons of green building thermal insulation materials and systems have been reviewed from traditional thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool and polyurethane to new thermal insulation materials like VIP and aerogel and future insulating VIM and DIM. VIPs and aerogels with very low thermal conductivity can use for green buildings to significantly increase residential area by reducing energy consumption. Aerogels can be produced as not only opaque and but also translucent forms, thus enabling a wide range of possible building application. For building applications, there are many properties to consider like building site adaptability and mechanical strength, fire protection, cost and environmental impact.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 1996

The subject research attempts to evaluate the variations of total runoff volume, peak flow, and travel time depending on the urbanhization, return periods and rainfall patterns under the situations that the preparation of a large residential site at the lowland areas of the downstream of Dongsu stream in Bupyung-Gu, Incheon city is progressed and the area will be eventually fully developed. The ILLUDAS model was used for the runoff analyses based on 3 differend steps of urbanization and 4 different types of Huff's quantile according to rainfall patterns is Huff's 4 quantile, Huff's 2 quantile, Huff's 3 quantile and Huff's 1 quantile. Under the 80 and 90 % of urbanization to the 70% of urbanization, the mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume for each case is 3.5 and 5.5 %, that of peak flow is 4.2 and 8.8%, and the mean decreasing ratio of travel time is 4.4 and 10.1%, respectively. The mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume according to the return periods is 3.0 and 5.4%, that of peak flow is 3.9 and 8.0% under the same conditions of urbanization.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 2005

Anthracnose symptoms on Spiraea prunifolia were observed around the residential area of Dongbumyon, Geoje City, Gyeongnam Province, Korea in 2002 and 2003. Typical symptoms of the disease were dark red spot on the leaves and black spot on the stem. The pathogen formed gray to dark gray colony on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were single celled, color, ovoid or oblong in shape and $6{\sim}12\;{\times}\;3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$ in size. Seta were dark brown in color, cone-shaped in shape and $23{\sim}42\;{\times}\;2{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperature for growth of the isolate was about $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This is the first report on the anthracnose of S. prunifolia caused by C. gloeosporioides in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2009

This study was aimed to assess the degree of addiction on computer games and find factors related to game addiction, health perception and health promoting behavior in elementary school students. A study subjects were 814 students in 5th and 6th grades at 4 elementary schools in a city and a county. The items in questionnaire was consisted of general characteristics, circumstances and habits related to utilization of computer and internet game playing, and degree of addiction, health perception and health promoting behavior. We analyzed data using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, addictiveness on internet game was significantly related to type of computer utilization, frequency and duration of internet game playing, gender, after-school activities, grade points, economical status, and location of computer in a house. Health perception was significantly related to addiction points, gender, residential area, and grade points. And health promoting behavior was significantly related to addiction points, grade level, grade points, and health perception points. Since health promoting behaviors of children in elementary school are in the way of making, their degree of addiction to computer games can greatly influence their attitude towards health and their future life pattern as adults. Therefore an educational prevention program including counselling on game addiction should be devised. And researches will be needed for developing the Korean standard for measuring degree of addiction and a prevention program for peer group's game addiction.