• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.572-582
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• 1994

To investigate water mass structure and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) distribution in Chinhae Bay, temperature, salinity and DO were observed in the bay in summer and winter from 1990 to 1993, and two-dimensional tidal current and parameter log($H/U^3$) were computed. Shallow water fronts in the bay were formed in summer in Kaduk channel and the central part of the bay having log($H/U^3$) values of $2.0{\sim}2.5$. Oxygen deficiency at the bottom layer in summer occurred in the western and northern part of the bay with weak tidal current, where the value of log($H/U^3$) was more than about 3.5 and $M_2$ tidal current was less than about 20 cm/s. DO concentration at the bottom layer of Kaduk channel and the central channel of the bay having the strong tidal current was more than about 3.5 mg/l. The isolines of DO concentration were nearly parallel to the isovelocity, and the concentrations correlated with the frontal location. The frontal location and DO distribution were influenced by tidal range, river inflow and meteorological conditions, and also correlated with bottom slope characteristics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 1994

A two-dimensional Lagrangian finite-difference computer program is developed for the wave propagation analysis of impact phenomena. The numerical scheme is the standard method originally proposed by Von Neuman and Richtmyer, using artificial viscosity to smooth shock fronts. The material model used in the study is the standard hydrodynamic-elastic-plastic relations with Von-Mises yield criterion. A test configuration consisted of a target and a projectile were calculated to understand the response of a colliding event. However, the computer code is in plane strain, the calculations were intended for generating the qualitative features of the model behaviors. Nevertheless, the computational results were consistent with the experimental observations and provided a rational basis to interpret the modes of failures.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.111-119
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• 2016

In recent years, the opinion analysis is one of the key research fronts of any domain. Opinion target extraction is an essential process of opinion analysis. Target is usually referred to noun or noun phrase in an entity which is deliberated by the opinion holder. Extraction of opinion target facilitates the opinion analysis more precisely and in addition helps to identify the opinion polarity i.e. users can perceive opinion in detail of a target including all its features. One of the most commonly employed algorithms is a sequence labeling algorithm also called Conditional Random Fields. In present article, recent opinion target extraction approaches are reviewed based on sequence labeling algorithm and it features combinations by analyzing and comparing these approaches. The good selection of features combinations will in some way give a good or better accuracy result. Features combinations are an essential process that can be used to identify and remove unneeded, irrelevant and redundant attributes from data that do not contribute to the accuracy of a predictive model or may in fact decrease the accuracy of the model. Hence, in general this review eventually leads to the contribution for the opinion analysis approach and assist researcher for the opinion target extraction in particular.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

Starting from an overview on the research on thunderstorms in the last forty years, this paper provides a general discussion on some emerging issues and new frameworks for wind loading on structures in mixed climates. Omitting for sake of simplicity tropical cyclones and tornadoes, three main aspects are pointed out. The first concerns the separation and classification of different intense wind events into extra-tropical depressions, thunderstorms and gust fronts, with the aim of improving the interpretation of the phenomena of engineering interest, the probabilistic analysis of the maximum wind velocity, the determination of the wind-induced response and the safety format for structures. The second deals with the use of the response spectrum technique, not only as a potentially efficient tool for calculating the structural response to thunderstorms, but also as a mean for revisiting the whole wind-excited response in a more general and comprehensive framework. The third involves the statistical analysis of extreme wind velocities in mixed climates, pointing out some shortcomings of the approaches currently used for evaluating wind loading on structures and depicting a new scenario for a more rational scheme aiming to pursue structural safety. The paper is set in the spirit of mostly simplified analyses and mainly qualitative remarks, in order to capture the conceptual aspects of the problems dealt with and put on the table ideas open to discussion and further developments.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 2004

In the adjacent seas of Cheju Island, the oceanographic conditions show low salinity surface waters starting in May. This water flows from the southeast part of the China Coastal Water, which flows southeastward along the Great Yangtze Sand Bank until April, with the help of southeasterly winds and flows from the adjacent sea off Cheju Island. In May, the Tsushima Warm Current and the low salinity surface water fluctuate in short and long-term periods as influenced by Yellow Sea Cold Water, which flows to the bottom layer at the western entrance of Cheju Strait. Temperature and salinity fronts in the northeastern sea area of U Island are formed in the boundary area between the Tsushima Warm Current, which expands towards Cheju Island from the southeastern sea area of Cheju Island and Hows out from the eastern entrance of the strait. Seasonally, additional oceanographic conditions, such as coastal counter-currents, which flow southward, appears within limited areas in the adjacent eastern and western seas of Cheju Island.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1124-1126
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• 2003

The processes of regional scales in the East Korean coastal waters were investigated by analysis of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images taken by the European Research Satellites ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat. More than 500 quick look frames taken in 1991-2003 were examined to detect the frames with clearly surface expressions of oceanic phenomena. 26 ERS-1/2 SAR and 11 Envisat wide swath Advanced SAR (ASAR) frames were selected and obtained from the European Space Agency in a form of the precision high-resolution images. The following oceanic phenomena and processes were evident in the radar imagery through the Korean costal waters: fronts, currents, eddies, internal waves, island and ship wakes, oil pollution, etc. They manifested themselves in the field of sea surface roughness, their scale ranged from several tens meters to about 100 km. The most common morphology of these phenomena was a series of contrast dark or light curvilinear lines and bands. The joint analysis of the discussed SAR images with other satellite and in situ data supported and enhanced our interpretation of SAR signatures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2007

The processes of regional scales in the East Korean coastal waters were investigated by analysis of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images taken by the European Research Satellites ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat. More than 500 quick look frames taken in 1991-2003 were examined to detect the frames with clearly surface expressions of oceanic phenomena. 26 ERS-1/2 SAR and 11 Envisat wide swath Advanced SAR (ASAR) frames were selected and obtained from the European Space Agency in a form of the precision high-resolution images. The following oceanic phenomena and processes were evident in the radar imagery through the Korean costal waters: fronts, currents, eddies, internal waves, island and ship wakes, oil pollution, etc. They manifested themselves in the field of sea surface roughness, their scale ranged from several tens meters to about 100 km. The most common morphology of these phenomena was a series of contrast dark or light curvilinear lines and bands. The joint analysis of the discussed SAR images with other satellite and in situ data supported and enhanced our interpretation of SAR signatures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.2976-2990
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• 2022

The adaptive adjustment of reference or weight vectors in decomposition-based methods has been a hot research topic in the evolutionary community over the past few years. Although various methods have been proposed regarding this issue, most of them aim to diversify solutions in the objective space to cover the true Pareto fronts as much as possible. Different from them, this paper proposes a knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy to concurrently balance the convergence and diversity. To be specific, the knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy firstly utilizes knee points to construct the adaptive reference vectors. After that, a new fitness function is defined mathematically. Then, this paper further designs a many-objective evolutionary algorithm with knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy, where the mating operation and environmental selection are designed accordingly. The proposed method is extensively tested on the WFG test suite with 8, 10 and 12 objectives and MPDMP with state-of-the-art optimizers. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art optimizers and the practicability of the proposed method in tackling practical many-objective optimization problems.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-88
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• 2022

With the expansion of the Russian Empire southward in the nineteenth century, connoisseurs, art historians, and scholars in Russia began to pay attention to carpet traditions in the new territories of the Russian Empire in Turkestan. In journals and other specialty publications, they underscored a need to establish claims to authority over the knowledge of the traditional craft. They were highly attuned to parallel accounts of carpet weaving from regions that had a longer history of research and collecting of carpets. In contrast to the situation in Western Europe or the United States, commentators bemoaned the fact that the public and even professed experts in Russia did not properly appreciate carpets from the Caucasus and Central Asia. These scholars articulated a need to establish authority over the carpet weaving traditions of Russia's colonial possessions, resulting in a push toward a serious study of carpet weaving as a legitimate field of inquiry. This paper uses published sources on early carpet scholarship from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to examine how carpet weaving traditions in Central Asia entered an imperial discourse of knowledge. It argues that attempts to understand and categorize carpet weaving as an art form occurred along two fronts. Intellectuals and scholars attempted to wrest control over the locus of knowledge from experts in the West as well as from local weavers. In the process, they established a distinctly imperial vision of carpet weaving in contrast to competing imperial discourses and over traditional forms of knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.394-410
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• 2007

Anchovy spawn from the end of May to mid-October, when the water temperature is $14.8-27.2\;^{\circ}C$ and the salinity is 26.0-33.6 psu. The main spawning season is between July to August, when the water temperature is $21.7-27.2\;^{\circ}C$ and the salinity is between 26.0-32.2 psu. The main spawning grounds of anchovy are coastal areas shallower than 50 m around the islands located in the Jeju Strait. Anchovy larvae are distributed near the fronts between Chuja-do, Jangsu-do, Yeoseo-do, and the open sea rather than in the spawning grounds. Anchovy eggs and larvae density increased in accordance with the high level of $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ during the summer season (July-August). In terms of the suspended sediment (SS) levels along the northern coast of the Jeju Strait, high densities of anchovy eggs (12.0-18.0 mg/L) were observed, mainly in the area affected by the coastal waters of the southern sea with high SS levels, while larvae (10.0-19.0 mg/L) tended to be distributed over a wide area with high SS levels, including the open sea. In terms of the dissolved oxygen (DO) content, eggs (5.4-6.8 mg/L) were observed in coastal areas with a high DO content, while larvae (4.2-6.4 mg/L) were distributed widely in areas with a relatively low DO content, from the southern coast to the open sea.