• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2024

최근 국내에서는 이상기후로 인해 가뭄의 빈도 및 심도가 증가하고 있으며 장기간의 가뭄으로 인한 저수지의 저수량 감소로 전국적인 가뭄 피해가 발생하였다. 가뭄 기간 동안의 피해를 최소화하기 위해 관측자료를 이용한 최적의 저수지 운영 방법을 제안하는 다양한 연구가 수행되었지만, 실측 자료만을 활용할 경우 과거 가뭄 사상에 대해서만 분석이 가능하기 때문에 미래에 발생할 수 있는 극심한 가뭄을 예측하고 분석하기 위한 기술이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 최근 가뭄피해가 발생한 섬진강 유역에 위치한 섬진강댐을 대상으로 최소유입량 예측 기법을 제시하였다. 수문 분석 모형인 Stochastic Analysis Modeling and Simulation (SAMS) 2007을 이용하여 섬진강댐의 관측자료와 통계적 특성이 유사한 동일한 길이의 유입량을 다수 발생시키고, 저수지 모의운영에 따른 보장공급량 산정 결과를 활용하여 최소유입량을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서는 최소유입량을 대상 저수지의 관측자료와 동일한 기간을 갖는 다수의 발생유입량 중 보장공급량을 기준으로 95%는 이보다 작지 않은 값을 갖는 유입량으로 정의하였다. Case별 저수지 모의운영 분석 결과 섬진강댐 최소유입량의 보장공급량은 관측자료의 보장공급량인 10.51 m³/s 대비 평균 1.07 m³/s 낮게 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 산정한 최소유입량은 가뭄 시 저수지 운영 기준을 마련하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 최소유입량을 활용하여 댐 연계운영, 추가 확보 가능한 용수공급량 등을 검토할 수 있다. 이는 가뭄 시 용수공급 안정성 확보 및 하류 물부족 문제 해소 등을 위한 대안 마련 시 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 디지털정책학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 헤어뷰티산업의 SNS 마케팅 특성이 헤어샵 이미지 형성과 방문의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. SNS 마케팅은 현대의 소셜 미디어 플랫폼을 활용하여 고객과의 상호 작용, 정보 제공, 정보 신뢰, 유쾌함을 통해 마케팅 활동을 수행하는 전략입니다. 이러한 SNS 마케팅의 특성이 헤어뷰티 업계에서 헤어샵 이미지 형성과 고객 방문의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 헤어 관련 SNS 이용 경험이 있는 총 307명의 고객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지에는 SNS 마케팅 특성, 헤어숍 이미지, 방문의도 관련 항목이 포함되어 있으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 26.0을 이용하여 통계분석하였다. 연구문제의 결과는 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 단순회귀분석, 다중회귀분석, 매개회귀분석 등의 분석기법을 적용하여 도출하였다. 연구 결과, SNS 마케팅의 특징인 정보제공, 정보신뢰성, 유쾌함, 상호작용이 헤어샵 이미지 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 헤어샵 이미지가 방문의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 헤어숍 이미지는 SNS 마케팅 특성과 방문의도 사이에서 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 SNS 마케팅을 통해 헤어 뷰티 업계의 이미지 형성과 고객 방문 의도를 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 인사이트를 제공합니다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.33-56
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• 2017

위치기반서비스는 이동기기의 위치정보를 바탕으로 한 향상된 서비스로 최근 스마트폰을 활용한 모바일 응용프로그램에서 부각되고 있다. 하지만 이와 관련한 기술 및 서비스 개발에 비해 위치기반서비스의 사용의도에 관한 실증연구는 아직까지 부족하다. 또한 선행연구들은 어느 한 요인을 중심으로 단편적으로 수행되었으며 사용의도와의 직접적인 영향 관계에 대해 제시하지 못한 한계점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 빠른 성장이 기대되는 위치기반서비스 시장에서 위치기반서비스 사용자의 위치기반서비스 수용의도 및 사용에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관한 모델을 제시하였고 330명을 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 실시하여 이를 조사하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과 서비스 맞춤화, 서비스 품질과 개인적 혁신성은 위치기반서비스의 사용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 사용의도는 실제사용에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 위치기반서비스의 맥락 하에 서비스 맞춤화와 개인적 혁신성은 사생활보호염려에 영향을 미치지 않으며 사생활보호염려는 위치기반서비스 사용의도에도 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 위치기반서비스에서 사용자에게 요구되는 정보는 위치에 관한 정보로 금융거래에 관련한 정보에 비해 민감하지 않기 때문에 이러한 결과가 나왔다고 추측할 수 있으면 위치기반서비스 사용자들은 전자상거래와 같은 정보시스템 사용자들에 비해 사생활보호에 대해서 예민하게 받아들이기 보다는 위치기반서비스 사용의 이점을 더 중시한다고 이해할 수 있다. 위치기반서비스의 맞춤화가 사용자의 사용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 실증적 결과는 인공지능 등의 기술을 활용하여 사용자의 위치기반 서비스 사용 패턴을 분석함으로써 사용자의 정보수요 특성을 효과적으로 충족시켜줄 수 있는 맞춤화된 서비스의 제공으로 사용자의 사용의도를 강화시킬 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 모바일 위치기반서비스 사용자의 사용의도와 실제사용에 미치는 요인들을 새롭게 다면적인 측면에서 실증적으로 조사하여 위치기반서비스와 관련하여 새로운 쟁점을 제시했으며 위치기반서비스 사용자의 사용의도와 실제사용에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 위치기반서비스 시장의 성장과 사용자들에 대한 효과적 대응 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.141-170
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• 2010

User created content (UCC) is created and shared by common users on line. From the user's perspective, the increase of UCCs has led to an expansion of alternative means of communications, while from the business perspective UCCs have formed an environment in which an abundant amount of new contents can be produced. Despite outward quantitative growth, however, many aspects of UCCs do not meet the expectations of general users in terms of quality, and this can be observed through pirated contents and user-copied contents. The purpose of this research is to investigate effective methods for fostering production of creative user-generated content. This study proposes two core elements, namely, reward and motivation, which are believed to enhance content creativity as well as the mediating factor and users' committement, which will be effective for bridging the increasing motivation and content creativity. Based on this perspective, this research takes an in-depth look at issues related to constructing the dimensions of reward and motivation in UCC services for creative content product, which are identified in three phases. First, three dimensions of rewards have been proposed: task dimension, social dimension, and organizational dimention. The task dimension rewards are related to the inherent characteristics of a task such as writing blog articles and pasting photos. Four concrete ways of providing task-related rewards in UCC environments are suggested in this study, which include skill variety, task significance, task identity, and autonomy. The social dimensioni rewards are related to the connected relationships among users. The organizational dimension consists of monetary payoff and recognition from others. Second, the two types of motivations are suggested to be affected by the diverse rewards schemes: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation occurs when people create new UCC contents for its' own sake, whereas extrinsic motivation occurs when people create new contents for other purposes such as fame and money. Third, commitments are suggested to work as important mediating variables between motivation and content creativity. We believe commitments are especially important in online environments because they have been found to exert stronger impacts on the Internet users than other relevant factors do. Two types of commitments are suggested in this study: emotional commitment and continuity commitment. Finally, content creativity is proposed as the final dependent variable in this study. We provide a systematic method to measure the creativity of UCC content based on the prior studies in creativity measurement. The method includes expert evaluation of blog pages posted by the Internet users. In order to test the theoretical model of our study, 133 active blog users were recruited to participate in a group discussion as well as a survey. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire on their commitment, motivation and rewards of creating UCC contents. At the same time, their creativity was measured by independent experts using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Finally, two independent users visited the study participants' blog pages and evaluated their content creativity using the Creative Products Semantic Scale. All the data were compiled and analyzed through structural equation modeling. We first conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement model of our research. It was found that measures used in our study satisfied the requirement of reliability, convergent validity as well as discriminant validity. Given the fact that our measurement model is valid and reliable, we proceeded to conduct a structural model analysis. The results indicated that all the variables in our model had higher than necessary explanatory powers in terms of R-square values. The study results identified several important reward shemes. First of all, skill variety, task importance, task identity, and automony were all found to have significant influences on the intrinsic motivation of creating UCC contents. Also, the relationship with other users was found to have strong influences upon both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Finally, the opportunity to get recognition for their UCC work was found to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation of UCC users. However, different from our expectation, monetary compensation was found not to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation. It was also found that commitment was an important mediating factor in UCC environment between motivation and content creativity. A more fully mediating model was found to have the highest explanation power compared to no-mediation or partially mediated models. This paper ends with implications of the study results. First, from the theoretical perspective this study proposes and empirically validates the commitment as an important mediating factor between motivation and content creativity. This result reflects the characteristics of online environment in which the UCC creation activities occur voluntarily. Second, from the practical perspective this study proposes several concrete reward factors that are germane to the UCC environment, and their effectiveness to the content creativity is estimated. In addition to the quantitive results of relative importance of the reward factrs, this study also proposes concrete ways to provide the rewards in the UCC environment based on the FGI data that are collected after our participants finish asnwering survey questions. Finally, from the methodological perspective, this study suggests and implements a way to measure the UCC content creativity independently from the content generators' creativity, which can be used later by future research on UCC creativity. In sum, this study proposes and validates important reward features and their relations to the motivation, commitment, and the content creativity in UCC environment, which is believed to be one of the most important factors for the success of UCC and Web 2.0. As such, this study can provide significant theoretical as well as practical bases for fostering creativity in UCC contents.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2017

오래 전부터 학계에서는 정확한 주식 시장의 예측에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고 현재에도 다양한 기법을 응용한 예측모형들이 연구되고 있다. 특히 최근에는 딥러닝(Deep-Learning)을 포함한 다양한 기계학습기법(Machine Learning Methods)을 이용해 주가지수를 예측하려는 많은 시도들이 진행되고 있다. 전통적인 주식투자거래의 분석기법으로는 기본적 분석과 기술적 분석방법이 사용되지만 보다 단기적인 거래예측이나 통계학적, 수리적 기법을 응용하기에는 기술적 분석 방법이 보다 유용한 측면이 있다. 이러한 기술적 지표들을 이용하여 진행된 대부분의 연구는 미래시장의 (보통은 다음 거래일) 주가 등락을 이진분류-상승 또는 하락-하여 주가를 예측하는 모형을 연구한 것이다. 하지만 이러한 이진분류로는 추세를 예측하여 매매시그널을 파악하거나, 포트폴리오 리밸런싱(Portfolio Rebalancing)의 신호로 삼기에는 적합치 않은 측면이 많은 것 또한 사실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 주가지수 예측방법인 이진 분류 (binary classification) 방법에서 주가지수 추세를 (상승추세, 박스권, 하락추세) 다분류 (multiple classification) 체계로 확장하여 주가지수 추세를 예측하고자 한다. 이러한 다 분류 문제 해결을 위해 기존에 사용하던 통계적 방법인 다항로지스틱 회귀분석(Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis, MLOGIT)이나 다중판별분석(Multiple Discriminant Analysis, MDA) 또는 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Networks, ANN)과 같은 기법보다는 예측성과의 우수성이 입증된 다분류 Support Vector Machines(Multiclass SVM, MSVM)을 사용하고, 이 모델의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 래퍼(wrapper)로서 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)을 이용한 최적화 모델을 제안한다. 특히 GA-MSVM으로 명명된 본 연구의 제안 모형에서는 MSVM의 커널함수 매개변수, 그리고 최적의 입력변수 선택(feature selection) 뿐만이 아니라 학습사례 선택(instance selection)까지 최적화하여 모델의 성능을 극대화 하도록 설계하였다. 제안 모형의 성능을 검증하기 위해 국내주식시장의 실제 데이터를 적용해본 결과 ANN이나 CBR, MLOGIT, MDA와 같은 기존 데이터마이닝 기법들이나 인공지능 알고리즘은 물론 현재까지 가장 우수한 예측 성과를 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있던 전통적인 다분류 SVM 보다도 제안 모형이 보다 우수한 예측성과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 주가지수 추세 예측에 있어서 학습사례의 선택이 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인 되었으며, 모델의 성능의 개선효과에 다른 요인보다 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2019

전자정부를 포함한 다양한 형태의 공공서비스가 제공됨에 따라 공공서비스 품질에 대한 국민의 요구 수준이 점점 높아지고 있다. 공공서비스의 품질을 높이기 위해서 공공서비스 품질에 대한 상시적 측정과 개선이 필요함에도 불구하고 전통적인 설문조사는 비용과 시간이 많이 소요되어 한계가 있다. 따라서 공공서비스에서 발생하는 데이터를 기반으로 원하는 시점에 언제라도 공공서비스의 품질을 빠르고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 분석적 기법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서 공공서비스의 품질을 데이터 기반으로 분석하기 위해 N시의 건축 인허가 민원 서비스를 대상으로 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. N시의 건축 인허가 민원 서비스는 분석에 필요한 데이터를 확보할 수 있고 공공서비스 품질관리를 통해 타 기관으로 확산 가능할 것으로 판단되었기 때문이다. 본 연구는 2014년 1월부터 2년 동안 N시에서 발생한 총 3678건의 건축 인허가 민원 서비스에 대해 프로세스 마이닝을 실시하여 프로세스 맵을 그리고 빈도가 높은 부서와 평균작업시간이 긴 부서를 파악하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 특정 시점에 한 부서별로 업무가 몰리거나 상대적으로 업무가 적은 경우가 발생하였다. 또한 민원의 부하가 늘 경우 민원완료까지 걸리는 시간이 늘어날 것이라는 합리적인 의심을 하였으나 분석 결과 상관관계는 크게 없었다. 분석 결과에 따르면 민원완료까지 걸리는 시간은 당일처리에서 1년 146일까지 매우 다양하게 분포하였다. '하수처리과,' '수도과,' '도시디자인과,' '녹색성장과'의 상위 4개 부서의 누적빈도가 전체의 50%를 넘고 상위 9개 부서의 누적빈도가 70%를 넘어서는 등 빈도가 높은 부서는 한정적이며 부서 간 부하의 불균형이 심했다. 대부분의 민원 서비스는 서로 다른 다양한 패턴의 프로세스를 갖고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하면 특정 시점에 민원의 부하가 큰 부서를 찾아내 부서 간 인력 배치를 탄력적으로 운영할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 민원 특성별 협의에 참여하는 부서의 패턴을 분석한 결과, 협의 부서 요청 시 자동화 혹은 추천에 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 보인다. 본 연구는 민원 서비스에 대한 프로세스 마이닝 분석을 통해 향후 공공서비스 품질 개선방향을 제시하는데 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

企业社会责任活动已被认为是提高企业形象和企业竞争力的一个潜在因素. 然而, 先前大部分关于企业社会责任活动的研究是主要针对的是这些活动如何影响影响对产品, 企业以及企业形象的评价的评价. 另外, 一些学者将消费者对企业动机的感知作为企业社会责任和消费者反应之间直接关系中的调解变量. 然而, 动机理论和相关的研究存在一些缺点. 对消费者, 企业社会责任活动只有两个动机, 但最近, Vlachos等人(2008) 认为这些动机应该细分. 因此, 它有可能从原有理论发展为修正理论模型(说服, 个人知识管理(PKM). Vlachos等人(2008) 将企业社会责任动机细分为四种类型, 并尝试发现这些动机在影响顾客种程度方面的作用以及不同. 以前的研究已经证明具有积极动机会对的社会责任活动会有积极的影响. 但并没有实证地解释其心理原因. 因此本研究的目的是双重的. 第一, 本研究试图发现顾客为什么会在他们感受到企业社会活动的积极动机的情况下表达他们的感激. 第二, 本研究试图测试当社会从企业社会责任活动中获得利益时与消费者的回报的效果. 以下是本研究的假设: H1: 企业社会责任活动的价值驱使的动机积极影响认知的对等对于互惠的期待. H2: 企业社会责任活动的参股者驱使的动机消极影响于互惠的期待认知的对等. H3: 企业社会责任活动的利己驱使的动机消极影响于互惠的期待认知的对等. H4: 企业社会责任活动的战略驱使的动机消极影响对于互惠的期待认知的对等. H5: 对企业社会责任活动的互惠的期待认知的对等积极影响消费者忠诚度. 我们选择了一个公司作为研究对象来理解企业社会责任活动的动机是如何影响消费者于互惠的期待认知的对等和顾客忠诚度. 总样本为100名受访者被选为试验测试. 此外, 为了获得一致的回复, 我们保证所有的受访者都超过20岁. 本调查中. 在排除了28份无效问卷以后, 总受访者是172名(82名男性, 90名女性). 基于截至标准, 数据和模型的适配度良好. 在观察结果以后, 企业社会责任活动的价值驱使的动机对于互惠的期待认知的对等有积极的影响(t=6.75, p<.001)，假设1被证明. Morales (2005) 也指出消费者的确感激企业对社会所做出的努力以及对社会所给予的利益. 而且企业社会责任活动的参股者驱使的动机对于互惠的期待认知的对等没有影响(t = ‐.049, p > .05). 因此, 假设2被拒绝. 我们可以用符合论来解释这个结果. 利己驱使动机(t = ‐3.11, p < .05)和战略驱使的动机(t = ‐4.65, p < .05) 对认知的对等有消极影响. 因此H3和H4被证明. 而且认知的对等积极影响消费者的忠诚度(t = 4.24, p < .05)，H5被证明. 从结果中看, 与大众群体相比，大学生更容易受利己驱动动机的影响. 以下是本研究的结论:首先, 数据分析结果显示价值驱使的动机积极影响于互惠的期待认知的对等. 但是参股者驱动的动机对互惠的期待认知的对等没有显著影响. 另外, 利己驱使的动机和战略驱使的动机消极影响互惠的期待认知的对等. 第二, 当企业社会责任活动与消费者的回报关联时, 社会责任活动积极影响顾客忠诚度. 本研究测试了动机的种类是否影响消费者对企业社会责任的反应, 尤其是企业社会责任如何能影响关键的内在因素(认知的对等) 和消费者行为的结果(顾客忠诚度). 而且, 本研究阐述了认知对等在企业社会责任动机和顾客忠诚度的关系中起到媒介的作用. 我们的研究扩展了有关消费者企业社会责任动机方面的研究, 将他们定位为消费者反应的一个直接指标. 另外一个贡献是, 我们成功地鉴定了认知的对等作为一个次级过程在归因于顾客忠诚度的企业社会责任的影响中的中介作用. 今后在研究企业社会责任的最终行为和财务影响时应该考虑源于互惠的期待认知对等的影响. 本研究的结果具有重要的管理意义. 第一, 本研究发现的对等的中心作用表明经理人应该经常考虑这些行为将创造出多少的互惠的期待认知对等. 第二, 理解消费者对企业社会责任的动机, 的认知是如何与互惠的期待认知对等和顾客忠诚度相关, 可以帮助经理人通过营销活动和管理企业社会责任‐感应归因过程来监控和提高这些消费者的结果. 本研究的结果将帮助企业去理解影响互惠的期待认知对等的四个不同的动机的相对重要性.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of breast self examination education (BSEE) programs for developing nursing centers. A first, we reviewed the literature of activity and management-related factors of nursing centers: and, second. we used a questionnaire to discover the degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice on breast cancer, as well as an individual's intention to participate BSEE program. 1. Reviewing the literatures of nursing center activities. Nursing centers which were administered by a professional nurse are an ideal site for faculty and student practices. With the use of nursing models of health. professional nurses in nursing centers diagnose and treat human responses to potential and actual health problems and offer holistic, client-centered health service. In nursing centers professional nursing services include health education, health promotion, and health-related research. A nursing center is comprised of the advisory and exacutive commitee; the advisory commitee serves consultants and links community needs to the nursing center, while the director of the exacutive commitee identifies the potential resources to generate funds, support, and facilitate the activities of staffs in a nursing center. Nursing centers mobilize various financal resources for reimbursement of services from college and insurance companies, collect minimum service fees from the client, and further collect fees for providing programs to community groups, this also includes membership fees, and donations. The services provided by nursing centers focus on services related to primary prevention, health maintenance & health promotion, direct nursing care for acute & chronic diseases, and holistic care for actual and potential health problems. The client satisfaction for the services was high. Students also showed positive reponses for their clinical experiences and independent working conditions. 2. The degree of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for breast cancer. and an individual's intention to participate in the BSEE program. The subjects of this study were 308 females in K-city in the Republic of Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 35.0 years old. Those who already participated in the BSEE were 64.9%, and those who had support and encouragement to practice BSE from significant others were 25.1 %. Clients intent to participate in the BSEE were 37.0%. The mean score of knowledge(2.4 out of 5 points) and practices(1.8 out of 5 points) for breast cancer were quite low, but the mean score of attitudes was relatively positive04.5 out of 20 point) for breast cancer. Those who already had BSEE showed significantly high scores in knowledge(t=6.48, p<0.01), attitudes (t=10.54, p<0.01). and practices(t=57.07, p<0.001) for breast cancer than those who had not participated in the BSEE. In all age groups no intention to participate in the BSEE was higher than who the intention to participate. These findings suggest some strategies should be developed to increase the awareness of breast cancer's early detection.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.165-186
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• 2007

With the advent of a wide variety of Internet shopping malls, consumers can choose a best appealing shopping mall from among the Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Player malls. Pure-Players launched their operation grandiosely with the early stage of Internet use in 1995. However, after the burst of Dot-com company bubbles in 1997, Pure-Players introduce various types of business models to meet potential needs of consumers. While Pure-Players suffer skeptical views from market analysts as well as consumers, traditional offline companies learned important lessons from Dot-com companies collapse phenomena, and expanded their business channels into online in the name of Bricks-and-Clicks. Nowadays, Bricks-and-Clicks successfully establish in the market as one of reliable business partners among consumers. Therefore, it is no surprise that recent competitions between Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players become fiercer than ever to attract potential customers to their websites. In this situation, consumers can choose a shopping mall to their best satisfaction. Consumers can enjoy both offline and online options for shopping because Bricks-and Clicks provide both offline and online channels to consumers, which is compared with Pure-Players offering only online channel. Offline channel is unique in providing consumers with chances to touch and feel target products and services. Meanwhile, online channel is considered very viable and convenient shopping options for consumers. In this respect, it is easily assumed that consumers will show different online shopping behavior when they have to choose either Bricks-and-Clicks mall or Pure-Player mall for the sake of shopping. Remaining research issue in this case is how much consumers' schema would influence online shopping behavior between Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. Basically, schema is a framework for synthetic information recognition that individual consumers have and is very characteristic in that it focuses not on fragmentary facts but on the combination of various causes affecting results. Consumers' schema is closely represented by trust, structural assurance, and perceived relative advantage towards a specific type of shopping mall. In literature, there exist a lot of studies comparing Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. However, there is no study to pursue the analysis of consumer behaviors comparing Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players from the schema perspective. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this research gap. Empirical analysis is adopted by garnering valid questionnaires from 514 Internet shopping mall users. 237 were mainly using Bricks-and-Clicks for shopping, while 277 were found to visit Pure-Players for shopping. PLS was applied to analyze the survey data to verify the proposed research hypotheses. Findings from the empirical test results are as follows. First, consumers perceive more trust and relative advantage in Pure-Players, comparing with Bricks-and-Clicks. This result is against widely-accepted perception that Bricks-and-Clicks would be perceived by consumers as more trustworthy and relatively advantageous because they have offline reputation and stores. Therefore, it becomes more obvious that Internet is becoming daily necessaries, and consumers increasingly feel very comfortable in using the Internet for their own personal purposes. Second, consumers have firm faith in transaction safety, regardless Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. This seems due to the fact that most of shopping malls showing dubious transaction safety have no place in the market. In a nutshell, empirical results tell us that Pure-Players will grow very much in the future, to the extent that consumers perceive no difference in comparison with Bricks-and-Clicks. Besides, consumers' schema accumulated through trust and perceived relative advantage plays crucial role in determining consumer behavior.