• Title/Summary/Keyword: research and development

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Spillovers of Education and Job Training in Bringing Sustainable Economic Development in Pakistan: The Role of Research and Development Revisited

  • AMIN, Sara;LIAQAT, Malka;SAFDAR, Noreen;IQBAL, Sidra
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2022

  • Current research intended to measure the spillovers of education and on-the-job training to enhance sustainable economic development. Consideration of research and development expenditures for on-the-job training expands the impact of education and, thus, may provide spillovers for Pakistan's economic growth. The primary focus of this research is to look at the combined impact of education and research and development spending as value-added variables for sustainable growth. The econometric study uses data from a variety of sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indices. The secondary annual time series data from 1976 to 2019 are analyzed. To adequately estimate the empirical model, ARDL has been used while the presence of the unit root has been tested using the ADF test. The findings show that education, research, and development all contribute to all-inclusive, sustainable economic growth. Labor and capital, among other traditional components, continue to be the backbone of the development process. Still, the spillover effect is much enhanced with the expansion in education and the on-job training in the form of research and development expenditures. Consequently, the introduction of research and development in education will lead to a sustainable and inclusive economy.

  • https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2022.vol9.no5.0011 인용 PDF KSCI HTML

Current Status and Future Prospective of Advanced Radiation Resistant Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel (ARROS) Development for Nuclear Reactor System Applications

  • Kim, Tae Kyu;Noh, Sanghoon;Kang, Suk Hoon;Park, Jin Ju;Jin, Hyun Ju;Lee, Min Ku;Jang, Jinsugn;Rhee, Chang Kyu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.572-594
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    • 2016

  • As one of the Gen-IV nuclear energy systems, a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is being developed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. As a long-term national research project, advanced radiation resistant oxide dispersion strengthened steel (ARROS) is being developed as an in-core fuel cladding tube material for a SFR in the future. In this paper, the current status of ARROS development is reviewed and its future prospective is discussed.

  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2015.12.005 인용 PDF KSCI