• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

There are six species of pinnipeds in Korean waters. Because of the lack of research on pinnipeds, it has been difficult to obtain ecological information on each species. All six species have been designated as endangered species, marine protected species, or national monuments by the government, depending on historical records. In this study, the current status of pinnipeds in Korea was investigated through reviewing the literature, and sighting and bycatch records, with the intention of providing new information for the review of the six species. Spotted seals and northern fur seals are well known inhabitants of Korea. The southern part of the East Sea is thought to be the margin of the distribution of Steller sea lions. Sightings of ribbon seals and ringed seals were not confirmed in Korean waters. Sea lions have not been seen since their last sighting on Dokdo in 1951 and are thought to have become extinct after that. It is necessary to delist undistributed or extinct species in Korea from the marine protected species list.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

This paper provides quantitative data that describes the evolution of the air quality in the Whale and Sea Museum, located in the Iwate prefecture, collected after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. The museum was damaged significantly by the disaster, and restoration works continued for over six years. The air quality in the temporary storage facility and museum was monitored during the rehabilitation process. Evaluation of air quality is carried out by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, ion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the characteristics of the chemical components differed depending on the measurement locations inside the building. The museum atmosphere tended to be alkaline as the airtightness increased because of the maintenance works at the entrance. It was also determined that it was necessary to study the intake/exhaust routes and to clean them according to the contamination degree. In Japan, there are recommended museum air quality standards for acetic acid, formic acid, alkali, and aldehydes. The results indicated that these standards should not be used as a reference for damaged museums. Furthermore, at the temporary storage facilities for to store the collections during the rehabilitation of the museum, solvents such as ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene are initially abundant, although they can be reduced by ventilation, while other components such as 2E1H was confirmed in this case are likely to remain.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-97
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• 1987

Tuna and tuna fishing extend over most of the tropical waters of the world oceans, especially, this study of the Indian Ocean and the fish and the fishing vessels are highly mobile. No country can deal in isolation with the problems of its tuna fishery and of any tuna fishery in its waters, without collaborating with other countries. This cooperation is often best established through some formal international mechanism. The essential requirements are for information-on the resources, the fishery, the trade-and to identify where management actions are needed to consore the resources or to maintain the economic or social function of the fishery. These will also usually require some form of international mechanism. With the changes in the Law of the Sea, the siuuation in respect of management of tuna-considered among the highly migratory species, requirng special treatment-has also changed. At present there are both uncertainty regarding tuna management and political arguments as to how such management can be best implemented. Bearing this in mind, together with the fact that only few tuna stocks have shown clear evidence of serious depletion through over-exploitation, present emphasis will be placed on information requirements. This study included compiling the data necessary to review the state of stoks in the Indian Ocean tuna fishing grounds. Information on the resources-where the fish are, their quantity, their movements, etc. is important, whether in planning development of new fisheries, or considering the need for collaboration with other countries (in ascertaining to what extent their catches may affect catches of the natoinal fleet) or for conservation measures. A major source of information is the statistics of for conservation measures. A major source of information is the statistics of catch and fishing effort from existing commercial vessels. These need to be assembled for all fisheries on the same stock on an oceanwide basis. The statistical data also need to be analysed and intepreted, and combined with biological data(e.g., on growth, mortality and migration rates) to provide information that is intelligible and useful for administrators and other decision-makers. This must also be undertaken on a resource-wide or ocean-wide basis. Finally, because of the world-wide similarities in the methods of datching, processing and marketing fish, there is a particular tut not exclusive need in those countries just beginning to develop their tuna fisheries-to have ready access to a syntheis of information on tuna, tuna biology and tuna fisheries and tuna fisheries economics and management on the Indian Ocean.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.2 s.116
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• pp.265-270
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• 2006

The nucleotide sequence variations of mitochondrial DNA were investigated to understand genetic differentiation for five different Pungitius kaibarae populations at five study sites from selected four streams flowing into the East Sea. The complete sequences of mtDNA control regions of them were determined the constant sites 342 bp and variable sites 183 bp including parsimony infromative sites 122 bp. Based on the phylogenetic tree, five populations were monophyletic unit (97% MPand 100% NJ) and separated two groups (Myongpa-Songhuen stream group and others group). The population of Baebong stream (82nd bp, G-A) consistently formed them of the Jasan stream into a monophyletic unit even though it is closer then Myongpa stream (99th bp, T-C) from the Baebong stream. Further studies on the molecular phylogeny for the primary freshwater fish are needed to establish for the fish biodiversity conservation in mountainous and upland streams.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.419-424
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• 2008

Objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation and the soil conservation effect of improved wild vine in sloped upland of highland about 600m from sea level in Korea. A mainly producing district of the improved wild vine in Korea was distributed 230m to 540m from sea level, and its rainfall ranged 1,200 to 1,700 mm. The lowest temperature was from -19.6 to $-25.4^{\circ}C$. Their soil texture was from sandy loam to clay loam, where drainage class was well drained and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the improved wild vine's cultivation area were higher than those of Chinese cabbage's cultivation area in the highland. According to improved wild vine's cultivation methods, the amounts of soil erosion were 25.5,4.1, and $1.8MT\;ha^{-1}$ in clean culture, part sod + mulching, and nature sod, respectively. Those were below 30 to $80MT\;ha^{-1}$ of sloped upland at highland in Korea. The result suggests that it is possible to cultivate the improved wild vine over wintering at 600m of highland above the sea level. We can substitute the improved wild vine for Chinese cabbage in the highland for soil conservation.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.7
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• pp.278-291
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• 1986

In this report the practical case of Viking ship's conservation in Denmarke specially among the Eurpoean nations is introduced. The contents of it are summarized as follows :From 1957 to 1962 the Danish National Museum Salvaged five Viking ships from the bottom of Roskilde Fjord, Which were composed of the pieces of timber whose surface was soft because they had lain on the sea bed for about a thousand years. Excavation had been carried out in the same way as in the field by driving down a sheet piling around the wrecks and pumping the water out. These pieces of the wreck ships were packed in airtight plastic bags one by one to be transported for Brede and then immidiately had to go through the treatment for conservation. The conservation treatment process for the pieces includes three steps ; the preliminary process prior to the hardening treatment, the hardening and the assemble of the ships. In the first step ; the preliminary process, all remains of mud and shells from the fjord bed are washed off, and measuring followed ; every single piece of wreckage was drawn so that the form and size of the piece, nail holes, and breaks were registered before conservation. In the second ; the hardening treatment step, the pieces of the woreckage were filled with P.E.G. This Polyethylene Glycol method was the best to handle in the subsequent mounting of the ships in the museum. In the final, the Glycol-treated pieces were pieced together to spips with support of a system of reinforcements. They were to fit in place after corrections of the form were made several times.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.341-354
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• 2023

This is the third series of catalogs reporting on Korean species discovered through the 'Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species'. This catalog includes 22 species of invertebrates, excluding insects. The catalog includes the scientific name, an abridged list of synonyms, collection sites, distribution, diagnosis, and figures for each species. Additionally, we provide the newly assigned Korean name, specimen voucher, and, if available, mitochondrial CO1 or 16S gene sequences of the species listed. All species identified and documented here will be officially listed on the 'National Species List of Korea', a database maintained by the National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR).

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.399-406
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• 2013

This paper describes a new simulation technique for advection-diffusion phenomena over the sea surface using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), capable of predicting oil dispersion from tankers. The LBM is used to solve the pollutant transport problem within the framework of the ocean environment. The sea space is represented by the lattices, where each lattice has the information on oil transportation. Since dispersed oils (i.e., oil droplets) at sea are transported by convection due to waves, buoyancy, and turbulent diffusion, the conservation of mass and many physical oil transport rules were used in the prediction model. Since the LBM is modeled using the uniform lattices and simple rules, it can be easily accelerated by the parallel mechanism, for example, GPU-accelerated method. The proposed model using the LBM is used to simulate a simple pollution event with the oil pollutants of 10,000 kL. The simulation results indicate that the LBM method accelerated with the GPU is 6 times faster than that without the GPU.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 2001

Due to international law the Antarctic is currently the best protected large ecosystem on earth, providing the opportunity for scientific research into processes of both regional and global importance. However, it is impossible to carry out research activities without minor disturbances to the environment. The Weddell Sea with its shelf inhabiting fauna can be considered to be representative for the entire Antarctic shelf with exceptions. It has generally escaped major anthropogenic impact but it is the only area in the high latitude Antarctic where long-term research fishing has been carried out. There are two main results combining aspects of nature conservation and benthos research. Firstly, the use of dredges has clearly decreased over the last two decades, whilst the use of non-invasive underwater photography and video has significantly increased. Secondly, during the same period icebergs destroyed an area of the seafloor and its fauna more than 2000-times greater than the area affected by research trawls. The increased use of imaging methods, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and other modem instruments, as well as statistically based and coordinated sampling strategies can contribute to both a better understanding of ecosystem function and to an ongoing reduction in anthropogenic impact.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.37
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

Mado shipwreck No.1 is where a total of 57 bamboo slips were discovered. Bamboo slips first excavated in the sea. It treated low concentration PEG vacuum freeze drying treatment refer to the method that research finding consolidation about waterlogged bamboo before. PEG 2000 and PEG 4000 used to consolidation materials but some bamboo slips that treated PEG 4000 surface color have been darken using heat gun at surface treatment. So the residual PEG on object's surface was remove steam iron. Bonding used to put 100% PEG 2000 the rayon paper in the surface for stabilization and giving a strength.