• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effects of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) on the calving, reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo dams and the growth performance and disease occurrence of calves. Eighty seven experimental dams were allocated into two groups, bee venom treated (n=53, BV) and non-treated (n=34, control) of Hanwoo dams in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Calving period ($14.08{\pm}4.8$) and percentages of retained placenta (7.5%) in BV was shortened compared to control ($17.2{\pm}4.3$, 14.7%, respectively. P>0.05). Post-placenta periods was similar between two groups (P>0.05). Postpartum days ($36.5{\pm}4.3$) to first estrus and calving interval ($358{\pm}18$) were shortened compared to control ($40.2{\pm}5.2$, $375{\pm}23$, respectively) but have not significantly affected (P>0.05). Body weights ($43.5{\pm}3.0$) and average daily gains (0.62) of calves before 30 days old in BV were significantly higher than control ($40.3{\pm}5.3$, 0.52, respectively). The occurrence of respiratory disease and diarrhea in BV was relatively lower compared with Control. The present results indicate that bee venom may affect reproductive efficiency of dams and growth performance of calves.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2010

Larvae of Palaemon serrifer were reared in the laboratory under three different temperature regimes ($15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$) to study the effects of rearing temperature on larval survival and growth, as well as other traits such as embryo volume, number of embryos (fecundity), incubation period, development. Mode and development period. Growth pattern was analyzed by measuring the molt increment and intermolt period. The intermolt period consistently increased with size and instar number and was shortest at $25^{\circ}C$. However, molt increments generally decreased with instar number. Number of embryos varied from 552 to 1355. The relationship between the number of embryos and carapace length was expressed by the equation (fecundity) y=2.7744x+0.208 ($R^2$=0.7961). Egg volume was a primary factor affecting other life-history traits. Egg volume was $0.078\;m^3$, which is relatively small thus embryos exhibited a relatively short incubation period and a comparatively short development period, and the nutritional mode was planktotrophic. Brood production was followed by a fast parturitional pattern. Most ovigerous females had mature ovaries when the parturial molt occurred soon after eclosion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Fifty-one Thai Native (TN) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) $\times$ TN does were studied. The purpose of the study was to investigate the reproductive performances of different goat genotypes grazing improved pasture with or without supplementary feeding. The feeding regimes were: 1. no concentrate supplement (T1), 2. supplemented for 15 days before mating and 45 days during mating period (T2), 3. supplemented from 15 days before mating to 42 days after kidding (T3) and 4. supplemented for 30 days before kidding, followed by 42 days after kidding. Cross-bred does tended to have higher conception rates, kidding opportunities and higher multiple birth rates than TN does. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), and concentrate supplementation under the various regimes did not increase reproductive performance. TN kids had significantly (p<0.01) lower birth weights and lower weights at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age than those of the cross-bred kids. However, there was no significant difference between the genotypes in growth rate (g/d or $g/kg^{75}/d$) of kids during these periods. Supplementary feeding did not significantly affect either kid birth weight or weight gain in the first 6 weeks after birth and during this period supplementary adequate in both quantity and quality, substantial reproductive performances were achieved from both TN and AN $\times$ TN does without concentrate supplementation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 1984

수도의 영화수 및 수량에 미치는 기상소모효과를 확인하고저 분얼기, 생식생장기 및 등숙기에 각각 차광율을 자연광의 0,25, 50%로 하여 작물시험장 포장과 주/야온도 20/1$0^{\circ}C$와 30/2$0^{\circ}C$로 제어된 인공기상실에서 실험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 주/야온도 30/2$0^{\circ}C$와 포장조건하에서의 생식생장기 일사불족은 영화수를 감소시켰는데 그 원인을 주로 이차지경분화수 및 영화분화를 억제시킴과 동시에 이차지경퇴화와 영화퇴화의 증가였다. 2. 생식생장기의 기상소모지수와 단위면적당 수수 그리고 이차지경분화수와는 부의 상관경향이었고, 이차지경퇴화율과는 정의 유의상관이 있었다. 이 기간의 기상소모지수는 영하의 분화수와는 부의 상관이, 그 퇴화율과는 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 3. 생식생장기의 차광이 등숙률이나 현미천립중에는 별로 영향을 미치지 않았으나 등숙기의 차광은 등숙율과 현미천립중을 저하시켰다. 4. 수량에 미치는 차광의 영향은 등숙기 $\geq$ 생식생장기, 분얼기순으로 심했다. 5. 호흡은 비교적 저온하에서는 통일에 비해 진흥에서 많았으나 3$0^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서는 오히려 통일에서 컸고 호흡계수(Q$_{10}$ )은 통일 2.74, 진흥 1.96이었다. 광합성에 대한 호흡의 비는 저온역에서는 통일에 비해 진흥에서 컸으나 32$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서는 통일이 큰 경향이었다. 6. 동화산물($^{14}$ C)의 전류는 주/야온도 20/1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 진흥에 비해 통일에서 현저히 억제되었으나 주/야온도 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ 하에서는 품종간 차이가 없었다. 전류에 미치는 차광의 영향은 주/야온도 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ 하에서는 거의 없었으나 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ 하에서는 차광도가 커질수록 심했다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Growth and reproduction of Palaemon serrifer were described and analyzed in a population inhabiting tide pools in warm temperate waters in Korea. The water temperature varied greatly in the tide pools, ranging from 8$^{\circ}C$ to 27.8$^{\circ}C$ Population structure and growth were investigated using size frequency distribution data collected from January to December 2003. Sex ratios fluctuated, but were almost equal during the breeding period. Growth was continuous and size increased gradually throughout the year. Adult females were larger and grew faster than males. von Bertalanffy growth parameters for a one-year sample of females and males were estimated as $L_{i\ddot{A}}$ = 11.32, K = 0.311, $t_0$ = -0.4115 and $L_{i\ddot{A}}$ = 8.36, K = 0.228, $t_0$ = -0.9693 respectively. Breeding was seasonal, starting in May, peaking in August, and finishing by the end of August. The species showed continuous production of successive broods. Laboratory observation showed that females with embryos near hatching had ovaries filled with vitellogenic oocytes ready for spawning. The reproductive output (effort) of each female (mean number of eggs: $552{\sim}1355$) was not high. The mean embryo volume, $0.078mm^3$, is relatively small, indicative of low energy allocation to each embryo. Recruitment of juveniles was closely linked to the breeding period, beginning in September.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.321-329
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• 1999

The effect of water deficits on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could appear on seed quality through changes of morphological plant characteristics. Two Korean genotypes, Hwangkeum (determinate growth habit) and Muhan (indeterminate growth habit), were used to examine the influences of treatment stage and method of water deficit during reproductive growth period on yield and seed quality of soybean. Water deficit at R5 or R6 stages was as damaging to seed quality as double water-deficit treatments at R2+R5 or R2+R6. However, seed from double water-deficit treatment tended to have lower oxidation-reduction potential compare to the corresponding single water-deficit treatment. In comparison with Muhan, Hwangkeum had significantly greater oxidation-reduction potential value. Seed yield per plant in both genotypes depended greatly on seed yield of branches. However, the proportion of number of branch seed to total seed umber in Hwangkeum was increased as the water deficit was applied during later reproductive stage, whereas, in Muhan the proportion was lower. Water-deficit treatments including the single and double water-deficit treatments and non-stressed treatment were able to be classified into five groups for Hwangkeum and four groups for Muhan based on the influences on yield components, number of pod, number of seed, and single seed weight, using principal component analysis. In both genotypes, R2+R5 water-deficit treatment decreased number of pod and seed, but increased single seed weight. On the contrary, R6 or R2+R6 stress increased the pod and seed number, but decreased single seed weight.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

In this lysimeter experiment, temporal changes of water percolation rate, irrigation requirement and ${No}_3$－-N leaching were investigated under different cultural practices that were no-till direct seeding on flooded paddy (NTDSF), till direct seeding on flooded paddy (TDSF), and transplanting. The highest water percolation rate of 3,001 l/$m^2$ was measured in NTDSF. Others were 2,551 l/$m^2$ and 2,210 l/$m^2$ in TDSF and transplanting. Water percolation rate in NTDSF and TDSF was increased by 36% and 15% compared to transplanting. Water percolation rates in all cultural practices were increased remarkably from the reproductive growth stage and relatively large amount of water loss through percolation was measured even after the reproductive growth stage. A total irrigation requirement was 3,469 l/$m^2$ in NTDSF and 2,898 l/$m^2$ in TDSF. That was equivalent to 45% and 21 % of increase compared to 2,389 l/$m^2$ in transplanting. The largest ${No}_3$－-N leaching through the entire rice growing period was 701 mg/$m^2$ in NTDSF and was followed by 494 mg/$m^2$ in TDSF and 465 mg/$m^2$ in transplanting. The ratios to the total amount of ${No}_3$－-N leaching at the vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage and ripening stage were 31 %, 41 % and 28% in NTDSF; 21 %, 48% and 31 % in TDSF; and 18%, 48% and 35 % in transplanting.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2022

배초향은 잎을 식용으로 이용하는 작물로 영양생장을 유지하여 잎의 품질과 수량을 높이는 것이 중요하다. 작물의 생장이 영양생장에서 생식생장으로 전환될 경우 잎의 발달이 저하되어 상품성이 하락할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 광주기에 따른 배초향 식물의 개화 특성 및 화서 발달을 조사하여 잎 생산을 위한 적정 광주기를 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 배초향 종자를 2021년 11월 29일에 105구 트레이에 파종하여 본엽이 4매 발생한 배초향 식물체를 2021년 12월 27일에 각각 포트에 정식하였다. 정식 후 명기/암기 시간을 10/14hrs, 12/12hrs, 14/10hrs, 16/8hrs로 조절하여 처리하였다. 정식 19일 후 광주기가 짧았던10/14hrs에서 첫 개화를 확인하였으며, 12/12hrs에서 20일, 그 외 처리에서는 21일 이후 개화하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 명주기가 암주기에 비해 짧을수록 화서의 발달이 증가하는 것을 통해 본 식물이 양적 단일식물의 특성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 배초향의 생육은 광주기가 길수록 엽장, 엽수, 지상부의 생체중 및 건물중, 엽면적이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 명주기를 14시간 이상으로 처리하는 것이 배초향의 엽채류로서의 생산성을 높이는 데 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2020

Objective: The present trial was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary fatty acid (omega-3 and omega-6) sources on reproductive performance of female broiler breeders and growth performance and carcass traits of their progeny. Methods: Two hundred and twenty, 25 weeks old Ross-308 male (20) and female (200) broiler breeders were used in the experiment for the period of 6 weeks. All birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatments (containing 2% soybean oil, 2% sunflower oil, 2% flaxseed oil, and 2% fish oil) each with five replicates of one male and ten females. Throughout this experiment hatching performance of broiler breeders, progeny growth performance and carcass parameters were recorded. Results: The results showed that the inclusion of different fatty acid sources in female broiler breeders diet had no significant effects (p>0.05) on number of fertile eggs, post-hatch mortality, and fertility rate. The soybean oil supplemented group had significantly (p<0.05) higher late embryonic mortality compared to other three treatments. Conclusion: It was concluded that inclusion of 2% of different sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (especially 2% flax seed oil) in broiler breeders' diet can reduce late embryonic mortality. The other reproductive characteristics of parents and growth and carcass characteristics of progeny remained unaltered by dietary sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1997

A teratogenic study on Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won was carried out in SpragueDawley rats. Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won suspended in distilled water was administered to pregnant dams by oral gavage during organogenesis period (from 7th to 17th day of gestation) at daily doses of 1/9, 1/3 and I pill/kg. About two-thirds of dams were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation to scrutinize the pregnant performances and fetal development, and the remaining dams were allowed to deliver. The growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive function of F1 offsprings were examined. There was no treatment-related difference in body weight, food consumption and necropy findings of dams. No gross, skeletal and visceral abnormalities was observed in F1 fetuses from dams treated with Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won. F1 offsprings did not show any treatment-related difference in growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive peuformance. At caesarean section of F1 dams, no growth retardation and gross abnormality was observed in F2 fetuses. In conclusion, Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won did not show any potential teratogenic activity in rats.