• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Multiple outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms have been reported worldwide due to contaminated duodenoscopes. In 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration recommended the following supplemental enhanced surveillance and reprocessing techniques (ESRT) to improve duodenoscope disinfection: (1) microbiological culture, (2) ethylene oxide sterilization, (3) liquid chemical sterilant processing system, and (4) double high-level disinfection. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of ESRT on the contamination rates. Methods: A thorough and systematic search was performed across several databases and conference proceedings from inception until January 2021, and all studies reporting the effectiveness of various ESRTs were identified. The pooled contamination rates of post-ESRT duodenoscopes were estimated using the random effects model. Results: A total of seven studies using various ESRTs were incorporated in the analysis, which included a total of 9,084 post-ESRT duodenoscope cultures. The pooled contamination rate of the post-ESRT duodenoscope was 5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-10.8%, inconsistency index [I²]=97.97%). Pooled contamination rates for high-risk organisms were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.7%, I²=94.96). Conclusions: While ESRT may improve the disinfection process, a post-ESRT contamination rate of 5% is not negligible. Ongoing efforts to mitigate the rate of contamination by improving disinfection techniques and innovations in duodenoscope design to improve safety are warranted.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.19 no.6 s.196
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• pp.56-60
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• 1999

원자력 정책에서 안전성과 운영 실적 환경$\cdot$보전$\cdot$경제성 등은 매우 중요한 인자이다. 핵주기의 선택은 에너지 정책, 연료의 다양성, 공급의 안정과 관련된 모든 사회적$\cdot$환경적 영향에 있어 매우 중요하다. 특히 원전의 고준위 방사성 폐기물인 사용후 핵연료 관리는 높은 방사선 준위뿐만 아니라 장기적인 관리 기간이 소요되는 어려운 사업이다. 본 연구는 사용후 핵연료 관리 방안인 재처리와 직접 처분의 비용 분석, 안전성, 대국민용인 측면을 살펴보았다. 직접 처분이 재처리에 비해 약 $7{\%}$ 정도의 경제성이 있고, 직접 처분의 사용후 핵연료는 재처리 폐기물보다 높은 위험도를 갖는다. 대국민 용인 측면서는 두가지 처리 방법 모두 받아들여지지 않는다. 결론적으로, 사용후 핵연료 관리는 모든 사회 $\cdot$환경적 영향과 경제성을 고려한 핵주기 정책과 병행하여 지속적인 기술 개발을 통한 안전성 확보가 필요하다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1565-1567
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• 2004

Various defects are found in FPD (Flat Panel Display) manufacturing process. So detecting these defects early and reprocessing them is an important factor that reduces the cost of production. In this paper, the bare glass inspection system for the FPD which is the early process inspection system in the FPD manufacturing process is designed and implemented using the high performance and accuracy CCD line scan camera. For the preprocessing of the high speed line image data, the Image Processing Part (IPP) is designed and implemented using high performance DSP (Digital signal Processor), FIFO (First in First out), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and the Data Management and System Control part are implemented using ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) processor to control many IPP and cameras and to provide remote users with processed data. For evaluating implemented system, experiment environment which has an area camera for reviewing and moving shelf is made.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

Tolerance design has been identified as an important research area and a number of models have been proposed in the literature. This paper investigates the effect of limited capacity on tolerance design for products with nominal-the-best type (N-type) quality characteristics. The model is developed under the assumption that the reprocessed and nonreprocessed items are produced by the same manufacturing process and therefore their quality characteristics are identically and independently distributed. Profit models are constructed which involve four price/cost components; selling price, cost incurred by imperfect quality, reprocessing and quality inspection costs. Methods of finding the optimal tolerance limits are presented, and a numerical example is given. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to study the effect of a process standard deviation on this model.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.194-203
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• 2000

This paper is concerned with an economic selection of both the process mean and the lower limit for a continuous production process with the quadratic loss function. It is assumed that the quality characteristic is normally distributed with a known variability. A profit model is developed which involves selling price, production cost, reprocessing cost and the cost which is incurred by imperfect quality. Methods of finding optimum values of the process mean and the lower limit are presented, and a numerical example is given.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.2263_2264
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• 2009

원자력은 나라의 기저전력을 책임지는 대표적인 발전소다. 시간이 지남에 따라 에너지 수요는 증가하지만 원자력 에너지의 연료인 우라늄은 고갈이 되어가고 있다. 그 해결책으로 고속로 기술에는 소듐 냉각 고속로, 건식처리 방법으로는 파이로프로세싱이 있다. 이 기술로 사용 후 원전연료를 재처리하여 불가 수 십년에 불가한 원전문제를 수 천년으로 늘릴 수 있다. 하지만 우리나라는 사용 후 원전연료에 대해 정책방향이 결정되지 않았으며, 지역단체, 환경단체 등의 단체에서의 반대도 만만치 않을 것이다. 원전연료 관리 정책이 결정되어 국가 에너지안보의 기틀을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2003

Used motor oil contains pollutants, including organic chemicals and meta]s. When disposed of improperly - in the trash, on the ground or in a sewer system - the pollutants may reach rivers, lakes or the ground water. Thus, all the waste oil products such as waste motor oil, waste oil container, and waste oil filter should be collected and transported for recycling or disposal by waste oil regulations. Because waste oil container is a valuable resource, waste oil containers can be reused, cleaned, buried, and burned for recycling processes. This paper presents the integrated management system that may increase the efficiency and productivity for collecting and reprocessing waste oil containers such as steel can and plastic container. The integrated management system consists of collection and transportation process management system and confirmation and certification process management system for waste oil containers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2010

DMB, IPTV 등의 미디어에서 방송 서비스를 위해 다수의 기송출된 지상파 방송 프로그램을 재가공하여 활용한다. 이를 위한 작업에서 방송 프로그램 앞뒤에 삽입되어 있던 지상파 방송사의 광고를 각 서비스 사업자의 계약 광고로 대체하므로, 광고를 분리하여 방송 프로그램의 본 내용만 인코딩하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 재가공 작업을 위해 방송프로그램 스트림에서 본 내용의 시작 종료점을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 이는 디지털 방송 프로그램 스트림으로부터 영상의 특징과 자막 데이터를 추출, 분석하여 판별하는 방법으로, 개별 광고의 특징 데이터를 이용하지 않고 처리한다. 따라서 방송 콘텐츠를 재가공하기 위한 인코딩 시스템에, 모든 광고들을 미리 분석하고 특징 데이터를 추출하는 전처리 과정없이 적용이 가능하다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

Due to the rapid growth in automated testing and manufacturing systems, screening inspection becomes very attractive. In this paper, we investigate the effects of limited capacity on screening inspection using a surrogate variable. The model is developed under the assumption that the reprocessed and nonreprocessed items are produced by the same manufacturing process and therefore their quality characteristics are independently and identically distributed. Profit models are constructed which involve four price/cost components; selling price, cost incurred by imperfect quality, reprocessing and quality inspection costs. Methods of finding the optimal screening limits are presented, and a numerical example is given. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to study the effect of a process standard deviation on this model.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2000

A magnetic cataclysmic variable has a rotating magnetic white dwarf which accretes matter from its late type companion. Kim & Beuermann (1995) presented a phenomenological model of the accretion from its surrounding structure e.g., a disk into the magnetosphere of the white dwarf, and presented results for the spin modulated X-ray spectrum and light curves. Using this model, we calculate the optical continuum and line emission which result from reprocessing of X-rays in the accretion stream within the magnetosphere. Penning (1985) suggested the observed spin-modulated radial-velocity variations might result from reprocession of X-rays in the disk. We, however, find the radiation can be originated from the magnetosphere accretion stream. We use the same geometrical model to calculate the optical and the X-ray behaviour. The results from the two wavelength bands are internally consistent. We conclude that this approach will increase the diagnostic accuracies of the results.