• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2023

Background: Patients with neck pain develop instability due to muscle imbalance, decreased proprioception, and balance disorders. Studies have examined various exercise methods as treatment methods, but few studies have compared the effects of cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic balance exercise on pain, functional level, and psychosocial level in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-four non-specific chronic neck pain patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n=17) and control group (CG, n=17); the cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise program were applied to the EG; and only the cervical stabilization exercise program was applied to the CG. The intervention was conducted twice a week, for six weeks. Assessment items evaluated pain, dysfunction (Korean version neck disability index), range of motion, craniocervical flexion test, cervical deep flexor endurance test, and psychosocial level. Data analysis was performed using intention-to-treat analysis as assigned. To analyze differences in the items assessed in the two groups, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance with an interaction between group (EG, CG) and time point (baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks). Results: The endurance of the cervical flexor muscles between the group and the measurement point after intervention (p<.05). Both groups showed significantly improved endurance between time points after the intervention (p<.05), with the EG showing a greater change than the CG. None of the other measurement items differed in the pattern of change between measurement points. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EG applying a cervical stabilization exercise and a dynamic balance exercise experienced a significant difference in muscle endurance improvement compared to the CG. We propose an exercise intervention program that includes stabilization exercises and dynamic balance exercises for patients with chronic cervical pain who lack muscle endurance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.537-545
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how effects creatine dosage has on the improvement of rowing athletes' performance ability. Rowing athletes were administered with creatine, through which to examine the change of athletic performance ability, blood fatigue substances, and muscular activity. The subjects (participants) of this Study consisted of 12 male rowing athletes at P University, with at least 5 years of rowing experiences, which divided into two groups - creatine dosing group of 6 persons and control group of 6 persons - for random sampling measurement. Enzymatic-colorimetric method using lacrate oxidase and 4-aminoantipyrine was performed for blood lactate level analysis, and wireless EMG system (QEMG-4: Lxtha Korea) for muscular activity analysis, with 4 channels set for data analysis. As body parts to be measured, two muscular parts - latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel - were chosen. Then, on the 5th day from the date of administering them with creatine (that is, 4 days after dosing them with creatine), rowing movement with the highest level of activity was calculated as peak value, which was measured twice. The test data used for this Study were SPSS/PC 18.0, pre-movement and post-movement two-way ANOVA for repeated measurement for comparative analysis of each muscle, with significant level at .05. As a result, the change of blood lactate level was significantly higher in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05). As for the change of muscular activity, both latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel showed a significantly higher change of muscle in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05 and p<.05, respectively).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2003

Purpose : This study was to identify Korean terms appropriate for a new scale using pain terms to assess the pain of the arthritis patients. Method : This study was conducted by secondary analysis of two previous studies, one from Kim's data (1994) and the other from Lee and Choi's(1988). The subjects were 482 patients with arthralgia. Data were analyzed by SPSS Win 11.0, for frequencies, percentages, and means. Results : Five pain groups were sorted out from the sensory pain category, three in the affective pain category, and two in the miscellaneous pain category by selecting groups of pain terms expressed more than 50% by all subjects. Local inflammatory repeated pain terms, simple irritative pain terms, superficial pressure pain terms, traction pain terms, and peripheral nerve terms were included in the sensory pain category, fatigue-related pain terms, digestion-related terms, and suffering-related terms in the affective category, and dull pain terms and body cavity pressure pain category. Among five sample groups terms selected by more than 3 groups with more than 30% of patients were dugumhada, sikungorinda, wooksinwooksinhada, nurudusi apuda, and dangginda in the sensory pain category; nogonhage apuda, gobukhada, and jajungsurupge apuda in the affecte pain category; and buctjockgigunhada and manjimyon apuda in the miscellaneous pain category. Conclusion : Ten pain groups were tentatively selected out of 20 pain groups; 10 pain terms composed of 1 pain term from each group were selected out of 90 pain terms from thesecondarydataofarthriticpainpatients. Implications More detailed clinical studies are needed for the refinement of the scale.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.412-421
• /
• 1999

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effects of Ki-therapy which improves mood state and relieves pain on the elderly with chronic illness. The subjects were 42 elderly and convenience sampling(incidental sampling) was used to prevent contamination to the control group. Frequency, %, $X^2$, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA by SPSS PC + program were used to analyze the data. The mean age of subjects was 72.95(Control group), 73.10(experimental group). Number of complains was 2.45(control group), 2.65 (experimental group). All of demographic characteristics of subjects. that is, age, weight. number of complains. educational background. family type. economic state, perceived health state were homogeneous. There are many difficulties in ADL & IADL. 14.2% in shopping, mode of transportation, ability to handle finances. 11.9% in ability to use telephone. continence, 7.1% in bathing, food preparation, transfer, and housekeeping. As the result of this study. slight improvement of mood state and pain relief were found. Although 3 improved items of 'clear-headed', 'lively', and 'nervous' were statistically significant. the pain relief was not statistically significant. It requires repeated treatment and measurement. And suggested case study or qualitative study in further studies because manufacturing of environment(i. e. rain) is very difficult in community people.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to present guidelines for deciding appropriate times for measuring blood pressure (BP) in patients with neurological disorders who had surgery due to brain damage. Method: It was a repeated measures-experimental research on time variants in BP after nursing care. SBP (Systolic BP) and DBP (Diastolic) were measured every 2 minutes up to 5 times using an EKG patient monitor. Measured data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: For suctioning, there were significantly higher differences for SBP averages after 2 min. (138mmHg, p<0.01) and 4 min. (133mmHg, p<0.01) compared to before suctioning (120mmHg). For position change, there were significant differences in SBP averages after 2 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01) and 4 min. (130mmHg, p=0.01) compared to before changing position (121mmHg). For position change followed by suctioning there were significant differences in SBP averages after 2 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01), 4 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01) and 6 min. (125mmHg, p=0.003) compared to before the interventions (121mmHg). Conclusions: Results indicate that there are significant differences in SBP and DBP over time during nursing interventions, suggesting clinical measurement of BP after 6 min. or 8 min. be done for patients with neurological disorders in neurosurgery clinics.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.67-83
• /
• 1998

A quasi-experiment, repeated measures design with non-equivalent control group was used to test the influence of cold therapy on the perineal discomfort and the healing state of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy. Experiment was carried out from July 28, through October 2, 1996 with 40 postpartum women conveniently sampled from one university hospital located in Seoul. The 40 postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy were as signed to experimental and control groups evenly(20 each). The instrument of measurement of perineal discomfort was 0-10 rating scale that was made by researcher and that of perineal healing state was Davidson's REEDA tool. The perineal discomfort and the healing state level were measured before and after each treatment. The treatment using ice glove that was given for the only experimental group was carried out at three points ; as soon as returning to the recovery room, 3 hours after returning to the recovery room and 6 hours after returning to the recovery room. The data was analysed by using t-test, chi-square test to determine the similarity between experimental and control groups. The hypotheses were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The first hypothesis that the perineal discomfort level of the experimental group will be significantly lower than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=24.12, p=.0001) was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that the perineal healing state of the experimental group wil be better than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=0.48, p=.49) was not supported. Based on the results of this study, could therapy was turned out to have significant effect on the perineal discomfort of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2022

Securities and investment services have and use large data. Investors started to invest through their own analysis methods. There are 22 major securities and investment companies in Korea and only 6 companies support open API. Python is effective for requesting and receiving, analyzing text data from open API. Daishin Securities Co. is the only open API that officially supports Python, and eBest Investment & Securities Co. unofficially supports Python. There are two important differences between CYBOS plus of Daishin Securities Co. and xingAPI of eBest Investment & Securities Co. First, we must log in to CYBOS plus to access the server of Daishin Securities Co. And the python program does not require a logon. However, to receive data using xingAPI, users log on in an individual Python program. Second, CYBOS plus receives data in a Request/Reply method, and zingAPI receives data through events. It can be thought that these points will show a difference in response time. Response time is important to users who use open APIs. Data were measured from August 5, 2021, to February 3, 2022. For each measurement, 15 repeated measurements were taken to obtain 420 measurements. To increase the accuracy of the study, both APIs were measured alternately under same conditions. A paired t-test was performed to test the hypothesis that the null hypothesis is there was no difference in means. The p-value is 0.2961, we do not reject null hypothesis. Therefore, we can see that there is no significant difference between means. From the boxplot, we can see that the distribution of the response time of eBest is more spread out than that of Cybos, and the position of the center is slightly lower. CYBOS plus has no restrictions on Python programming, but xingAPI has some limits because it indirectly supports Python programming. For example, there is a limit to receiving more than one current price.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.3
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 1999

Loblolly(Pinus taeda L.) and slash(Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines are the most important timber producing species in the Southern United States. Site index equations to estimate site index curves(base age 25 years) for loblolly pine and slash pine plantations have been developed based on long-term repeated measurement data sets. To check magnitude of errors in estimating site index, each cumulative measurement cycle data sets and all combined data sets were used to recalculate site index values. The Chapman-Richards' growth function was selected for stand height prediction. Anamorphic base age invariant site index curves were presented based on this height prediction equation. Statistics used in the evaluation were mean of the differences and mean of the absolute differences. For plantation ages less than 5 years, site index values showed very sensitive fur both species based on the evaluation test.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2013

The first purpose was to identify the plantar pressure distributions (peak pressure, pressure integral time, and contact area) during level walking, and stair ascent and descent in asymptomatic flexible flatfoot (AFF). The second purpose was to investigate whether peak pressure data during level walking could be used to predict peak pressure during stair walking by identifying correlations between the peak pressures of level walking and stair walking. Twenty young adult subjects (8 males and 12 females, age $21.0{\pm}1.7$ years) with AFF were recruited. A distance greater than 10 mm in a navicular drop test was defined as flexible flatfoot. Each subject performed at least 10 steps during level walking, and stair ascent and descent. The plantar pressure distribution was measured in nine foot regions using a pressure measurement system. A two-way repeated analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in the three dependent variables with two within-subject factors (activity type and foot region). Linear regression analysis was conducted to predict peak pressure during stair walking using the peak pressure in the metatarsal regions during level walking. Significant interaction effects were observed between activity type and foot region for peak pressure (F=9.508, p<.001), pressure time integral (F=5.912, p=.003), and contact area (F=15.510, p<.001). The regression equations predicting peak pressure during stair walking accounted for variance in the range of 25.7% and 65.8%. The findings indicate that plantar pressures in AFF were influenced by both activity type and foot region. Furthermore the findings suggest that peak pressure data during level walking could be used to predict the peak pressure data during stair walking. These data collected for AFF can be useful for evaluating gait patterns and for predicting pressure data of flexible flatfoot subjects who have difficulty performing activities such as stair walking. Further studies should investigate plantar pressure distribution during various functional activities in symptomatic flexible flatfoot, and consider other predictors for regression analysis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.132-158
• /
• 2023

The five-story and seven-story stone pagodas at Cheongnyangsaji temple site in Gongju are located under the Sambulbong peak of Gyeryongsan mountain, and are known to have been built of the middle in Goryeo dynasty. As the two pagodas in which two types of Baekje stone pagoda coexist in one era, their historical and academic value are recognized. The seven-story pagoda was overturned by robbery in 1944, and as a result, the five-story pagoda was tilted. Although the two pagodas were restored in 1961, structural instability was continuously raised. In this study, measurement data accumulated from May 2021 to March 2022, and seasonal characteristics were reviewed, and the micro behavior of pagodas were analyzed according to temperature and precipitation during the same period. As a result, the micro thermoelastic behavior was repeated according to the daily temperature change in all sensors, and both the slope and the displacement showed microscale behavior. In the inclinometer, moisture containing the surface and inside of the stones repeated expansion and contraction due to temperature change, showing the micro movements. In particular, the upper part of the five-story pagoda moved up to 3.89° to the northwest, and the seven-story pagoda tilted up to 0.078° to the northeast. The maximum displacements were recorded as 0.127 and 0.149 mm in the five-story and the seven-story pagoda, respectively. These values tended to return to the original position at the end of the measurement, but did not recover completely, indicating a state requiring precise monitoring. The result obtained through the study can be used as basic data for the stable conservation of the two stone pagodas. Based on the behavioral characteristics considering various environmental factors should be analyzed, and the preventive conservation through the maintenance of measurement system built this time should be continued.