• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1990

The contractile action of barium $(Ba^{2+})$ was investigated in the arterial strip of rabbit renal artery. The helical strip of isolated renal artery was immersed in the Tris-buffered Tyrode's solution equilibrated with 100% $O_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ and its isometric tension was measured. $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction of arterial strip was dose-dependent and its maximal tension corresponded to $92.1{\pm}4.5%$ of tension by $K^+(100\;mM)$. $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction did not show the tachyphylactic phenomenon in the normal Tyrode's solution. $Ba^{2+}$ induced the tonic contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ tyrode's solution and that was increased by the extracellula addition of $Ca^{2+}$. During the repeated exposure of the same dose of $Ba^{2+}\;(10\;mM)$ in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution, $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction was progressively decreased. Even though the intracellular NE-and caffeine-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ was depleted, $Ba^{2+}$ induced the tonic contraction. After the pretreatment of lanthnum or verapamil, $Ba^{2+}$ did not induce contraction. $Ba^{2+}-induced$contraction was suppressed by extracellular $K^+$ in the normal Tyrode's solution and that was dependent on $K^+$ concentration. Suppressive effect of $K^+\;(14\;mM)$ on the $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction was also dependent on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. From the above resuts, it is suggested that $Ba^{2+}$ activate indirectly the contractile process by promoting the mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and the influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$. It is also suggested that action of $Ba^{2+}$ on the $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $K^+$ channel can result in the depolarization of cell membrane in the rabbit renal artery.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서 N-(4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl) acetamide 주사 투여에 따른 넙치 비장의 NK cell 활성을 평가하기 위하여 120, 150, 200 mg/kg 용량으로 설정하고 3일에 1회, 30일 동안 총 10회의 주사를 투여하였다. 표적세포(Target cell)로는 쥐의 임파종 세포인 YAC-1 cell과 넙치의 HINAE cell을 사용하였고, 넙치 비장의 NK cell과의 공배양 시간은 4시간과 18시간을 선정하여 실험을 실시하였다. YAC-1 cell을 사용하여 실험의 경우 4시간과 18시간 공배양 실험 모두 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 세포독성을 대조군 대비 최대 3.06배 높은 세포독성을 보였다. HINAE cell을 사용한 실험의 경우 4시간 공배양한 실험에서만 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, YAC-1 cell과 마찬가지로 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 세포 독성을 보여 대조군 대비 2.3배 높은 세포독성을 보였다. 추가적으로 넙치의 두신 조직에서 IL-12b의 발현량을 확인하였고, 세포독성 실험과 일치하는 결과를 보였고, 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 발현량을 보여 대조군과 비교하여 6.62배 높은 수치를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 N-(4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl) acetamide가 넙치의 NK cell 활성에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2014

Treatment outcomes of pediatric cancers have improved greatly with the development of improved treatment protocols, new drugs, and better supportive measures, resulting in overall survival rates greater than 70%. Survival rates are highest in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, reaching more than 90%, owing to risk-based treatment through multicenter clinical trials and protocols developed to prevent central nervous system relapse and testicular relapse in boys. New drugs including clofarabine and nelarabine are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, and other targeted agents are continuously being developed. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells are now attracting interest for the treatment of recurrent or refractory disease. Stem cell transplantation is still the most effective treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, in order to reduce treatment-related death after stem cell transplantation, there is need for improved treatments. New drugs and targeted agents are also needed for improved outcome of AML. Surgery and radiation therapy have been the mainstay for brain tumor treatment. However, chemotherapy is becoming more important for patients who are not eligible for radiotherapy owing to age. Stem cell transplant as a means of high dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue is a new treatment modality and is often repeated for improved survival. Drugs such as temozolomide are new chemotherapeutic options. In order to achieve 100% cure in children with pediatric cancer, every possible treatment modality and effort should be considered.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.720-729
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated the preemptive analgesic effects of Morphine and Ketorolac on postoperative pain, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation and heart rate for the first 24 hr after abdominal surgery. Methods: Data collection was performed from April 1 to September 30, 2006. Forty patients undergoing a gastrectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac approximately 1 hr prior to skin incision, but the control group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac at peritoneum closure through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Postoperative pain, blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation, frequency of the PCA button pressed and doses of additional analgesics were observed through post operative 24 hr. Collected data was analyzed using t-test, $X^2$ test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: Postoperative pain, cortisol, the frequency of PCA button pressed, and dose of additional analgesics of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. There were no statistical differences in blood pressure, heart rate and $O_2$ saturation between the experimental group and control group. Conclusions: We concluded that administration of morphine and ketorolac at 1 hr prior to skin incision resulted in decreasing postoperative pain, but it didn't affect blood pressure, heart rate or $O_2$ saturation for 24 hr after abdominal surgery.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing cancer burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the cancer incidence. Ginseng is known for its potential to treat various ailments in human beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of Panax ginseng against chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis in mammals. Methods: Skin tumors were induced in Swiss albino mice by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ($100{\mu}g/100{\mu}L$ acetone) and, 2 wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% acetone) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 wk). Hydroalcoholic ginseng root extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the periinitiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. Results: Ginseng root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, and tumor burden, as compared to the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin C, and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with ginseng root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that P. ginseng has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer in mammals.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2003

생체 적합성이 우수한 폴리(비닐 알코올)(PVAL)과 폴리(N-비닐 피롤리돈)(PVP), 항균성이 있는 헥실렌글리콜 (HG)과 치료효과가 우수한 수용성 키토산을 혼합하여 상처치료용 수화젤을 제조하였다. 제조 방법으로 수용액의 동결과 융해에 의한 물리적 가교, 방사선 조사에 의한 화학가교 및 동결과 융해의 물리적 가교 후 방사선 가교를 이용하였다. 수화젤 제조시 PVAL/PVP/HG/키토산의 농도는 15 wt%, 키토산은 0.3wt%, PVAL과 PVP의 비는 6:4로 고정하였다. 용액내 HG의 농도를 1∼5 wt%로 변화시켰으며, 동결과 융해횟수는 1∼3회로 변화시켰고, 방사선 조사량은 25∼50 kGy로 변화시켰다. 위의 방법으로 제조된 수화젤의 젤화율, 팽윤도, 젤강도를 측정하였다. HG의 조성비가 증가할수록 젤화율과 젤강도는 감소하였고 팽윤도는 증가하였다. 조사량과 동결과 융해 횟수가 증가할수록 젤화율과 젤강도는 증가하였고 팽윤도는 감소하였다. 동물 실험을 통해 제조된 수화젤의 상처 치료효과를 보았으며, 항균 실험을 통해 항균성을 관찰하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

운동이 수면에 미치는 효과를 보다 명확하게 검증하기 위해 일반상태가 아닌 카페인으로 인한 수면장애 상태에서 운동의 효과를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 피험자는 3회의 실험 조건(1. 평상시, 2. 카페인 섭취, 3. 카페인섭취 $\times$운동)에 참여해서 이들의 수면변수와 수면시 뇌파를 측정하였다. 카페인은 고용량으로 1200mg(400mg$\times$3)을 투여하였으며, 운동강도는 60% V $O_{2peak}$에서 60분을 사이클 에르고미터를 이용해 실시하였다. 본 실험결과 카페인 섭취로 입면시간 연장과 수면효율성 감소 그리고 서파수면(SWS)의 감소로 수면에 불리한 효과를 유발시켰다. 하지만 카페인 섭취와 운동을 병행했을 때 카페인 투여시 발생된 효과를 상쇄시키는 효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과로써 고용량의 카페인 섭취가 수면장애 유발 효과가 있었지만 운동을 병행해서 실시했을 때 수면촉진과 수면효율성 그리고 숙면인 서파수면의 증가가 나타남으로써 운동이 수면방해를 완화시키고 수면 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 및 심포지움
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• pp.216-216
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• 2002

Generally, tobacco smoking has noxious effects such as DNA damage, lung cancer induction, coronary artery disease. Nowadays, as concerns on health and longevity increases, a huge variety of products that aim to assist to quit smoking or reduce addictive symptoms such as nicotine patches are developed and manufactured with safely evaluation, but the safety of the most recent products of interest which do not contain tobacco and nicotine, and shape cigarettes is not evaluated and guaranteed relatively. In this study, we used H-menthol(nicotine free-tobacco fine) which are widely consumed through the world to evaluate the single and repeated dose inhalation toxicity and genotoxicity of H menthol (Nicotine free-tobacco free) herbal cigarettes provided by Cigastop Ltd. in ICR mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.82-86
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• 1997

Pharmacokinetics of a new capsaicin analog, DA-5018 were evaluated after a subcutaneous injection or topical application of $[^{14}C]$--labelled or unlabelled DA-5018 to rats and rabbits. After subcutaneous injection of $_{14}$c-labelled or unlabelled DA-5018, 0.5 mg/kg (equivalent to DA-5018) to rats, the plasma total activity peaked at 2 hr with the terminal half life of 5.34 hr, however, unlabelled-DA-5018 peaked at 1 hr with the terminal half life of 1.26 hr. Moreover, the AUC (0.726 versus 0.2337g hr/ml) and MRT (7.82 versus 3.55 hr) increased significantly based on total radioactivity compared with intact DA-5018. Above data indicated that DA-5018 is extensively metabolized in rats and the terminal half- life of the metabolite(5) had a longer half-life than that of DA-5018. The cumulative percentages of biliary excretion of dose after subcutaneous injection of $[^{14}C]$DA-5018 was 40.2%, however, the value was only 2.14% when unlabelled DA-5018 was injected. After topical application of 0.1% or 0.3% $_{14}$C-labelled or unlabelled DA-5018 cream, 500 mg/kg to rats, the plasma and tissue concentrations except applied skin were under the detection limit. After consecutive 7 days topical application of unlabelled DA-5018, 0.1% and 0.3% cream to rats, the plasma concentrations were also under the detection limit. But the urinary excretion of DA-5018 was significantly increased by repeated topical administration. After topical application of unlabelled DA-5018, 0.1% and 0.3% cream to rabbits, the plasma and urine concentrations were under the detection limit. Above data indicated that the skin permeation of DA-5018 was lower and the metabolism of DA-5018 was higher in rabbits than that in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

Background: Effect of nitric oxide on the hyperalgesia induced by inflammation is controversial. From our previous experiment, NOS inhibitor, L-NAME given during the induction period decrease mechanical hyperalgesia occured by Freund's complete adjuvant induced inflammation. In addition, we attempted to analyze the effects of L-NAME on mechanical hyperalgesia after the development of inflammation by Freund's complete adjuvant in rat paw. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control (normal saline), and three different doses of L-NAME (0.1 mg, 1 mg, 10 mg). Inflammation was induced in rats by injecting 0.15 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) intraplantarly. Rats showed typical hyperalgesia within twelve hours after injection and maintained this for about one week. Tests were done 2 days after injection of FCA. After the baseline test either L-NAME or saline was injected under light halothane anesthesia. Effect of L-NAME on hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring mechanical hyperalgesia at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes. Same experients were repeated on normal rats. Results: When injected at the site of inflammation, L-NAME caused dose dependent decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia. However, normal rats also showed increased mechanical threshold after L- NAME injection. Conclusions: Although L-NAME reduces FCA induced mechanical hyperalgesia, this result may solely be due to inhibition of nitric oxide production and need to be further determined.