1 |
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:71-96.
DOI
|
2 |
WHO. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1955.
|
3 |
Ohkhawa H, Ohishi N, Yogi K. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.
DOI
|
4 |
Das MK, Bharali R. Chemopreventive potential of diosgenin against 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Medi Pharmaceut Sci 2014;4:49-58.
|
5 |
Parmar J, Sharma P, Goyal PK. Role of Syzygium Cumini seed extract in preventing the 7, 12-Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced skin carcinogenesis. Res Rev: J Zool Sci 2013;1:13-25.
|
6 |
Qiu Y, Lu X, Pang T, Ma CF, Li X, Xu GW. Determination of radix ginseng volatile oils at different ages by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008;31:3451-7.
DOI
|
7 |
Steward WP, Brown K. Cancer chemoprevention: a rapidly evolving field. Br J cancer 2013;109:1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bcj2013.280.
DOI
|
8 |
Leiter U, Garbe C. Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancerthe role of sunlight. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008;624:89-103. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8.
DOI
|
9 |
Abel EL, Angel JM, Kiguchi K, DiGiovanni J. Multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin: fundamentals and applications. Nat Protoc 2009;4(9): 1350-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.120.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
10 |
Mukhtar H. Chemoprevention: making it a success story for controlling human cancer. Cancer lett 2012;326:123-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.canlet.2012.05.016.
DOI
|
11 |
Singh R, Sharma J, Goyal PK. Prophylactic role of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) extract against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014;2014:158936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ 2014/158936.
DOI
|
12 |
Yun TK, Choi SY, Yun HY. Epidemiological study on cancer prevention by ginseng: are all kinds of cancers preventable by ginseng? J Korean Med Sci 2001;16(Suppl.):S19-27.
DOI
|
13 |
Choi KT. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008;29: 1109-18.
DOI
|
14 |
Xiang YZ, Shang HC, Gao XM, Zhang BL. A comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2008;22:851-8.
DOI
|
15 |
Lee SY, Kim YK, Park N, Kim CS, Lee CY, Park SU. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the berry of Panax ginseng. J Medicinal Plants Res 2010;5:349-53.
|
16 |
Joo SS, Won TJ, Lee DI. Reciprocal activity of ginsenosides in the production of proinflammatory repertoire, and their potential roles in neuroprotection in vivo. Planta Med 2005;71:476-81.
DOI
|
17 |
Jung CH, Seog HM, Choi IW, Choi HD, Cho HY. Effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaves on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethano pharmacol 2005;98: 245-50.
DOI
|
18 |
Moron MA, Depierre JW, Mannervick B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Acta Biochimi Biophys Sin 1979;582:67-78.
DOI
|
19 |
Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in auto oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European J Biochem 1974;47:469-74.
DOI
|
20 |
Aebi H. Catalase: in vitro. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO, editors. Method in enzymology105. New York: Academic Press; 1984. p. 121-6.
|
21 |
Goodman M, Bostick RM, Kucuk O, Jones DP. Clinical trials of antioxidants as cancer prevention agents: Past, present, and future. Free Radic Bio Med 2011;51:1068-84.
DOI
|
22 |
Roe JH, Kuether CA. The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood and urine through the 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of dehydro ascorbic acid. J Biol Chem 1943;147:399-407.
|
23 |
Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Landall AJ. Protein estimation with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951:193-265.
|
24 |
Bourke GJ, Daly LE, Mc Gilvary J. Interpretation and uses of medical statistics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1985.
|
25 |
Surh YJ, Na Hye-Kyung, Lee Ji-Yoon, Keum Young Sam. Molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor promoting activities of heat-processed Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Korean Med Sci 2001;16(Suppl.):S38-41.
DOI
|
26 |
Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH, Lee SK, Kwon H, Surh YJ. Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heatprocessed ginseng. Cancer Lett 2000;150:41-8.
DOI
|
27 |
Crofford LJ.COX-1 andCOX-2 tissue expression.Lancet 1997;24(Suppl.49):15-9.
|
28 |
Lee SE, Park YS. Korean red ginseng water extract inhibits COX-2 expression by suppressing p38 in acrolein-treated human endothelial cells. J Ginseng Res 2014;38:34-9.
DOI
|
29 |
Saha D, Hait M. An ontological design: two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and promoted by croton oil. Asi J Res Pharmac Sci 2012;2: 01-3.
|
30 |
Niki E. Lipid peroxidation: Physiological levels and dual biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:469-84.
DOI
|
31 |
Miller AF. Superoxide dismutase: Ancient enzymes and new insights. FEBS Letters 2012;586:585-95.
DOI
|
32 |
Yin H, Xu L, Porter NA. Free radical lipid peroxidation: mechanisms and analysis. Chem Rev 2011;111:5944-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr200084z.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
33 |
Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Glutathione: mechanism and kinetics of its nonenzymatic defense action against free radicals. RSC Adv 2011;1:1763-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1RA00474C.
DOI
|
34 |
Perry JJP, Shin DS, Getzoff ED, Tainer JA. The structural biochemistry of the superoxide dismutases. Acta Biochimi Biophys Sin 2010;1804:245-62.
DOI
|
35 |
Sharmila R, Manoharan S. Anti-tumor activity of rosmarinic acid in 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2012;50:187-94.
|
36 |
Kim HJ, Kim MI, Byon YY, Park JW, Jee Y, Joo HG. Radioprotective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng on bone marrow cells. J Vet Sci 2007;8: 39-44.
DOI
|
37 |
Khalil WKB, Ahmed KA, Park MH, Kim YT, Park HH, Abdel-Wahhab MA. The inhibitory effects of garlic and Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 on the genotoxicity, biochemical, and histological changes induced by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in male rats. Arch Toxicol 2008;82:183-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-007-0237-y.
DOI
|
38 |
Park E, Hwang I, Song JY, Jee Y. Acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng as a defense against small intestinal damage by whole-body gamma irradiation of mice. Acta Histochem 2011;113:19-23.
DOI
|
39 |
Verma P, Sharma P, Parmar J, Sharma P, Agrawal A, Goyal PK. Amelioration of radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice by Panax ginseng extract. Integr Cancer Ther 2011;10:77-84.
DOI
|
40 |
Kumar M, Sharma MK, Saxena PS, Kumar A. Radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng on the phosphatases and lipid peroxidation level in testes of Swiss albino mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2003;26:308-12.
DOI
|
41 |
Shin HR, Kim JY, Yun TK, Morgan G, Vainio H. The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: a review of human and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes and Control 2000;11:565-76.
DOI
|
42 |
Park JD. Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Korean J Ginseng Sci 1996;20:389-415.
|
43 |
Panwar M, Samarth R, Kumar M, Yoon WJ, Kumar A. Inhibition of benzo(a) pyrene induced lung adenoma by Panax ginseng extract, EFLA400, in Swiss albino mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2005;28:2063-7.
DOI
|
44 |
Kim H, Hong MK, Choi H, Moon HS, Lee HJ. Chemopreventive Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Extract on Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis. J Cancer 2015;6: 1-8.
DOI
|
45 |
Wargovich MJ. Colon Cancer chemoprevention with ginseng and other botanicals. J Korean Med Sci 2001;16(Suppl.):S81-6.
DOI
|
46 |
Fuzzati N. Analysis methods of ginsenosides. J Chromatogr B 2004;812:119-33.
DOI
|
47 |
Kwak YS, Kyung JS, Kim JS, Cho JY, Rhee MH. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide from Korean red ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:468-72.
DOI
|
48 |
Chen CF, Chiou WF, Zhang JT. Comparison of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008;29:1103-8.
DOI
|