• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic element of patterns, which is the motif, from the existing art works and use it to create and simulate a variety of patterns to show the practical use of the computer. Natural dyed works of geometric shapes like squares and 1/4 of circles, each dyed with a different natural dyes, were produced and motifs were extracted. Then using the 4D box in Adobe Photoshop v.6.0, the developing pattern change and simulation effects when using different patterns and different repetition settings were examined. Observations were made as the motifs were replicated. Different patterns like a diagonal line, a square and a circle appeared. In order to find out the effects according to the changes, the motifs from work's square portions, circle centre, and the composition of eight motifs were extracted and used. The repeated patterns according to the extracted motifs simply showed that in the case of just repeating and arranging, square patterns appeared. By replicating and arranging, the motif and the allophone were matched and patterns with regular lines were formed, like a twill, pointed twill line. By setting the direction to Y and X in the repetition methodes, a typical half-drop arrangement or a brick pattern arrangement were formed according to 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 1/3, or 2/3 in changes. Also the steepness of the slope changes quickly or in turn slowly as the rhombus shape appears. However in the case of a composed motif, an ogee pattern appeared. Lastly, by 3-D mapping patterns like a slant line, pointed twill patterns, diamond patterns, and the repeat patterns of a motif with a circle and a line combined, and a circle motif, an optical illusion could be observed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Background: Although Tat plays a role as a potent transactivator in the viral gene expression from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 long terminal repeat (HIV-1 LTR), it does not function efficiently in rodent cells implying the absence of a human specific factor essential for Tat-medicated transactivation in rodent cells. In previous experiments, we demonstrated that one of chimeric forms of TAR (transacting responsive element) of HIV-1 LTR compensated the restriction in rodent cells. Methods: To characterize the nature of the compensation, we tested the effects of several upstream binding factors of HIV-1 LTR by simple substitution, and also examined the role of the configuration of the upstream binding factor(s) indirectly by constructing spacing mutants that contained insertions between Sp1 and TATA box on Tat-mediated transactivation. Results: Human Sp1 had no effect whereas its associated factors displayed differential effects in human and rodent cells. In addition, none of the spacing mutants tested overcame the restriction in rodent cells. Rather, when the secondary structure of the chimeric HIV-1 TAR construct was destroyed, the compensation in rodent cells was disappeared. Interestingly, the proper interaction between Sp1 and TATA box binding proteins, which is essential for Tat-dependent transcription, was dispensable in rodent cells. Conclusion: This result suggests that the human-specific Tat cofactor acts to allow Tat to interact effectively in a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes Tat, cellular factors, and TAR RNA, rather than be associated with the HIV-1 LTR upstream DNA binding factors.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.10.1-10.2
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• 2018

The aims of this article is to examine that Daegeum Sanjo Rhythm (DSR) compare with Jinyang-jangdan and Jajinmori-jangdan on music therapy. Daegeum has the largest range of notes in wind instruments through Korean music. Jangdan is the essential element of rhythm in Korean music. Just as human body sound and resonant with their rhyme and meters, jangdan has its own rhythms of physical structures and sequence and repeat. Jinyang-jangdan, which is close to western minor code, expresses heartbreaking grief and great mourning feeling, so it makes one feel the catharsis through that rhythm. Jinyang-jangdan of daegeum music may be slow, but it can be sublimated into grim music for human. So, people overcome the sadness through grim music. On the other hand, jajinmori-jangdan gives charm and gaiety to people and to everything. So, it is exciting that it's often performed in festival and parade. Rhythmical music is a tool to improve the well-being of humanity and increase our life choices. Therefore, music therapy surely needs both influences of daegeum sanjo music regardless of the rhythm. Because, daegeum sanjo music is nature-friendly music of the rhythm.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.146-151
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• 2001

This study is an investigation for the ADS optimum design by using FEM. We write out program which express ADS perfectly and reduce the required time for correcting of model to the minimum in solution and manufacture result. We complete algorithm which can plan optimum forming of model by feedback error information in CAE. For that, we draw up ADS program which modeling rachet wheel by using visual LISP and telegraph to ANSYS, structural solution program, we can solve stress solution. Then we correct model by feedback date obtaining in solution process, repeat course following stress solution again and do modeling rachet wheel for optimum forming. That is our aim. As a result of experience, we can develope automatic design program using Visual LISP and exhibit ADS as modeling third dimension CAD for optimum design. Also, we develop optimum design algorithm using ADS and FEM. In rachet wheel, greatest equivalence stress originates in key groove comer and KS standard is proved the design for security.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

A pin bush bearing is one of the most important element in the piston engine which is joined a piston to a connecting rod. A pin bush is suffered by heat and changeable repeat loads, which are come from the explosive gas heat and pressures during a reciprocating stroke. Therefore, a tribological behavior of pin bush bearings is very severe compared to other parts of a piston assembly. To keep a stable operation of pin bush bearings effectively, it would be satisfied with proper oil film strength for severe operating conditions and durability, which are strongly related to the oil film thickness, oil film pressure, and a friction loss power. The computed results show that the viscosity of engine oils slightly affects to the minimum oil film thickness and oil film pressure distribution, but is an influential parameter on a total friction loss power. Thus the low viscosity engine oils for an increased operation condition should select a high level of base oil and add a viscosity index improver as an oil film additive.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2020

The genome of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae contains several types of transposable elements (TEs), and some TEs cause genetic variation that allows M. oryzae to evade host detection. We studied how five abundant TEs in rice pathogens, Pot3, Pot2, MAGGY, Line-like element (MGL) and Mg-SINE, are expressed under diverse conditions related to growth, development, and stress. Expression of Pot3 and Pot2 was activated in germinated conidia and mycelia treated with tricyclazole. Retrotransposon MAGGY was highly expressed in appressoria and tricyclazole-treated mycelia. MAGGY and Pot2 were also activated during the early and late stages of perithecia development. MGL was up-regulated in conidia and during conidial germination but not during appressorium formation. No noticeable expression of Mg-SINE was observed under most conditions. Our results should help investigate if and how condition-specific expressions of some TEs contribute to the biology and evolution of M. oryzae.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

The dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (DREB1)/C-repeat (CRT) binding factors (CBF) function as transcription factors and play an important role in agricultural biotechnology and molecular biology studies of drought and freezing stress tolerance. We generated transgenic Lolium perenne plants containing the PCR-cloned Arabidopsis DREB1A/CBF3 gene (AtDREB1A/CBF3) to study the function of this gene construct in drought and freezing tolerance in a species of turfgrass. Compared to the control, AtDREB1A/CBF3 transgenic L. perenne plants showed enhanced drought and freezing stress tolerance. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were higher in transgenic plants than in the non-transgenic plant control. These results demonstrate that the expression of the AtDREB1A/CBF3 gene in transgenic L. perenne plants enhanced drought and freezing tolerance and that the increased stress tolerance was associated with the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results are relevant to stress biology and biotechnology studies of turfgrass.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2008

This study carried out simulation for structural layout design for concrete structures by using the models of the ground structure method. The micro lattice truss is modeled as assemblage of a number of unit cells. The progress of analysis repeat to undergo finite element analysis to feed-back results of stress to the stiffness of each member. Through the repeated this analysis, truss model is represented to form the topological materials and the structural shape with the use of the local stress condition without mathematical optimum tools. It is successful to analyse the shape-layout problem as numerical samples on the lattice truss model.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.26-38
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• 1996

To investigate the regulation of plant histone H2A gene expression, we isolated two H2A genes (TH254 and TH274) from wheat, which encode different types of variants. Both genes had an intron in the coding region. In the promoters, some characteristics sequences, such as Oct and Nona motifs, which are conserved among plant histone genes were also found, and they were located in a short region (about 120 bp) upstream from the putative TATA box. Analyses of promoter activity with H2A-GUS fusion genes in the transient system using tobacco protoplasts revealed novel types of positive cis-acting sequences in the TH254 promoter: a direct repeat of a 13-bp sequence (AGTTACATTATTG) and a stretch composed of an AT-rich sequence (ATATAGAAAATTAAAA) and a G-box (CACGTG). A quantitative S1 assay of the mRNA amounts from the TH254/GUS and TH274/GUG chimeric genes in stably transformed and cell cycle-synchronized tobacco cell lines showed that the promoters of both genes contained at least one cis-acting element responsible for S phase-specific expression. Histochemical analysis of transgenic tobacco plants carrying the chimeric genes showed that the promoters of the two H2A genes were both active in developing seedlings and flower organs but regulated in different manner.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2006

Dementia is a progressive disease of increasing the dysfunction of intellectual and physical ability. In the aging society, many families are suffering from the caring the patients who are diagnosed with dementia. However, dementia is a complex disease affected by the genetic and environmental agents. In the present study, we investigated the transposable elements in relation to dementia. From the analysis of dementia EST (expressed sequence tag) sequences, we found dementia candidate genes, and analyzed expression profiles and repeat elements using bioinformatics tools. This analysis showed that 98 genes were affected in their mRNA sequences by transposable elements expression. Their expressions were affected by the integration of different transposable elements (SINE, LINE, LTR, DNA) during the primate evolution. We believe that our work will be of significant interest to genome scientists, and may help them gain insight into implication of transposable elements expression in dementia.