• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

Objective : To assess the clinical efficacy of Yangkyuksanwha-tang on acute stroke Methods : We prescribed Yangkyuksanwha-tang to 83 acute stroke patients without thrombolytic treatment. Results : The rate of progressive stroke type was 1.2%, it was remarkably lower than previous reports. 3.6% felt an itching sensation, 3.6% complained headache, dizziness and powerless, 2.4% complained indigestion and diarrhea, 1.2% appeared hematuria and G-I bleeding. Yangkyuksanwha-tang decreased Stroke-Pattern Identification and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS), and increased Modified Barthel Index(MBI). So we could suggest that this medicine have desirable effect to reduce the severity of stroke and improve functional recovery. As to the laboratory findings, all results were within the normal value, which showed no hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusion : We could suggest that Yangkyuksanwha-tang is a useful medicine which has clinical efficacy for acute stroke, but further investigation for an administration of more than 2 weeks is necessary.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1988

In order to elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of a pisonous mushroom, Amanita pantherina, biochemical effects of the mushroom extracts on mice were studied. A hotwater extract of Amanita pantherina injected intraperitoneally into male ICR mice evoked signs similar to those observed clinically upon acute poisoning by the mushroom and also changed the levels of component enzyme activities in blood, liver and urine. The serum cholinesterase activity was decreased significantly during 1-3 h after injection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1989

Inadequate pain relief after upper abdominal surgery increases the incidence of pulmonary complications due to the difficulty in coughing and deep breathing. Kvalheim and Reiestad (1984) introduced intrapleural administration of local anesthetic solutions to produce analgesia following cholecystectomy performed through a subcostal incision, unilateral breast surgery and renal surgery. We studied continuous intrapleural administration of bupivacaine and epinephrine, and its effect in controlling pain after cholecystectomy. In 9 patients, an intermittent dosage technique was used. An intrapleural catheter was inserted and 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine was administered. Results were as following: 1) Mean analgesic duration from the initial intrapleural injection to secondary administration of supplementary bupivacaine was 13.5 hours. 2) No specific changes were noted on vital signs and arterial blood gases. 3) Effective analgesia, produced by intrapleural bupivacaine resulted in significant improvement in tidal volume as measured by spirometry. 4) No signs of systemic toxicity and complications were encountered. 5) Intrapleural administration of a local anesthetics after cholecystectomy provides a satisfactory duration of analgesia.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.240.1-240.1
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• 2003

Nonsteriodal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) are widely used to treat pain. fever, and inflammatory conditions including osteoarthritis. However, gastrointestinal (GI) and renal toxicity were related to common NSAIDs limits their usefulness because NSAIDs inhibit not only COX-2 associated with anti-inflammatory activity. but also COX-1 accompanied with side effects in the stomach and kidney. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.104.2-104.2
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• 2003

Cadmium is an environmental pollutant and exhibits nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Recently, cadmium was found to induce DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in cultured renal cells, hepatocytes and neuroblastoma cell. Therefore, the various toxicities of cadmium are thought to be caused by the induction of apoptosis. Lipids-derived pro-apoptotic ceramide has emerged as an important intracellular signaling molecule that mediates diverse cellular effects, of which programmed cell death, or apoptosis, has attracted significant interest. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2001

Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, is believed to act as an antioxidant via the stimulation of radical detoxifying enzymes and scavenging of free radicals. In this study, effects of in vitro and in vivo treatments of melatonin on the cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation, LDH release and plasma creatinine were determined in rabbit renal cortical cells. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation and the level of LDH release as an indicator of cellular damage. In in vitro studies, cisplatin increased the levels of MDA and LDH release in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. Melatonin inhibited the cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and LDH release in a concentration-dependent manner. The minimal effective concentration of melatonin that significantly reduced the $300\;{\mu}M$ cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and LDH release was 1 mM. In in vivo studies, the levels of lipid peroxidation and LDH release in renal cortical cells increased significantly 24 or 48 hours after a single injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg). When the cisplatin-injected rabbits were pretreated with 10 mg/kg of melatonin, a significant reduction in both lipid peroxidation and LDH release was observed. The plasma creatinine level increased from $0.87{\pm}0.07$ mg/dl in control to $6.33{\pm}0.54$ mg/dl in cisplatin-injected rabbits (P＜0.05). Melatonin partially prevented the increase in serum creatinine level $(1.98{\pm}0.11\;mg/dl)$ by cisplatin (P＜0.05). In the proximal tubules from cisplatin-treated group, tubular cells had microvilli of variable heights. Necrotic debris was seen in tubular lumens. In most of cells, the mitochondria and lysosomes were increased in frequency. The endocytic vacuoles were not prominent and distribution of the brush border was irregular and shortened. These cisplatin-induced morphological changes were moderate in the melatonin-pretreated group. These results suggest that the toxicity of cisplatin is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen free radicals and that melatonin is a powerful antioxidant, which prevents some of the adverse effects of cisplatin.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.439-454
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• 2023

Objectives: As Korea transitions into an aging society, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is expected to increase. Herbal medicine is commonly used in Oriental medicine to treat cerebrovascular disease. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to actively support the safety of herbal medicine in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity and safety of four herbal medicines (Cheongsimyeonja-tang, Dodam-tang, Hyeolbuchukso-tang, and Boshiniknai-tang) in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Methods: This study used electronic medical records to analyze patients admitted to an oriental medicine hospital from April 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. Liver and renal function values at the time of admission and discharge were compared. Results: A total of 25 patients were included in this study. We found no significant differences in various variables, such as complete blood count, liver-renal function test, and urine, before and after the administration of the four herbal medicines. Additionally, no significant adverse events related to herbal medicine were observed. Conclusions: This study confirmed the safety of the four herbal medicines in patients with cerebrovascular disease who were hospitalized in a single Oriental medicine hospital.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.908-915
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• 1994

수은($HgCl_2$) 중독 흰쥐에서 마늘즙의 antidotic effect를 검토하기 위한 4주간 실험에서 흰쥐 체중 kg당 주 1회 수은을 2.5mg 투여하고 아울러 마늘즙을 매일 식이의 2%를 투여한 흰주의 성장율이 수은만을 투여한 흰주 보다 약 30% 증가(개선)되었다. 마늘즙 단독 투여군은 오히려 대조군 보다 상장율이 15% 증가되어 마늘이 일반 tonic 효과를 나타냈다. 혈액검사에서 수은 투여군(M)은 GPT, GOT 상승과 cholesterol, triglyceride, Alk.p의 병적 감소를 보이고, 무기수은 중독 표기 기관인 신장에 대한 그의 기능검사 지표항목인 BUN과 uric산 creatinine의 측정값들이 수은 투여로 상승했으나 마늘즙을 투여(MG군)하여 이들 측정값이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈액과 신장의 수은 함량 조사에서 대조군(0.015, 0.02ppm)과 비교한 수은만 투여군이 각각 0.46, 0.51ppm로 높으나 수은과 함께 마늘즙 투여군은 각각 0.3, 0.33ppm으로 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 따라서 마늘즙의 non protein sulfur amino acid가 수은에 대하여 antidotic effect을 갖는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2018

Anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin are effectively used more than radiotherapy. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug, used for treatment of various forms of cancer. However, it has side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity increases tubular damage and renal dysfunction. Consequently, we investigated the beneficial effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury using HK-2 cell (human proximal tubule cell line) and an animal model. Results indicated that $10{\mu}M$ cynaroside diminished cisplatin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activation, cisplatin-induced upregulation of caspase-3/MST-1 pathway decreased by treatment of cynaroside in HK-2 cells. To confirm the effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vivo, we used cisplatin exposure animal model (20 mg/kg, balb/c mice, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Renal dysfunction, tubular damage and neutrophilia induced by cisplatin injection were decreased by cynaroside (10 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Results indicated that cynaroside decreased cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vitro and in vivo, and it could be used for improving cisplatin-induced side effects. However, further experiments are required regarding toxicity by high dose cynaroside and caspase-3/MST-1-linked signal transduction in the animal model.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2016

$Foxp3^+$ $CD25^+CD4^+$ regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and are abundant in tumors. Most of these cells are chemo-attracted to tumor tissues and suppress anti-tumor responses inside the tumor. Currently, several cancer immunotherapies targeting Treg cells are being clinically tested. Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs widely used for cancer treatment. While cisplatin is a powerful drug for the treatment of multiple cancers, there are obstacles that limit its use, such as renal dysfunction and the development of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells after its use. To minimize these barriers, combinatorial therapies of cisplatin with other drugs have been developed and have proven to be more effective to treat cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the combination therapy using methyl gallate with cisplatin in EL4 murine lymphoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. The combinatorial therapy of methyl gallate and cisplatin showed stronger anti-cancer effects than methyl gallate or cisplatin as single treatments. In Treg cell-depleted mice, however, the effect of methyl gallate vanished. It was found that methyl gallate treatment inhibited Treg cell migration into the tumor regardless of cisplatin treatment. Additionally, in both the normal and cisplatin-treated tumor-bearing mice, there was no renal toxicity attributed to methyl gallate treatment. These findings suggest that methyl gallate treatment could be useful as an adjuvant method accompanied with cisplatin therapy.