• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1976

The actions of Atractylodes rhizoma alba on renal function of dog were investigated with water and methanol extract of it, utilizing clearance technique. Water extract elicited diuresis while methanol extract induced antidiuresis in the dog when they were given intravenously. The diuresis induced by the intravenous water extract seemed to be closely related to the decrement of reabsorption of electrolytes in renal tubules. On the contrary, the antidiuresis by intravenous methanol extract appeared to be related to the increment of renal reabsorption of sodium. Water and methanol extract, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited identical resposes to the intravenous actions confined only to the infused kidney, inferring that renal actions of water and methanol extract are not mediated by any endognous humoral extract are not mediated by any endogenous humoral agents. From these observations it is concluded that diuretic action of water extract and antidiuretic action of methanol extract were brought about by direct action in the renal tubules.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 1999

Glibenclamide(GLY)(1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), an ATP-dependent $K^+$ channel blocker, when given into the vein in dogs, produced the diuretic action accompanied with the increase of osmolar clearance($C_{osm}$), urinary excretion of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ($E_{Na}$, $E_K$), and with the decrease in reabsorption rates for $Na^+$ and $K^+$ in renal tubules ($R_{Na}$, $R_K$), and then ratios of $K^+$ against $Na^+$($K^+$/$Na^+$) were decreased. GLY did not affect mean arterial pressure at any doses used. At a low dose(0.1 mg/kg), GLY injected into a renal artery brought about the diurectic action in both experimental and control kidney, however at a higher dose(0.3 mg/kg), GLY appeared significant diuretic action in the control kidney, but not in experimental kidney and the decrease of glomerular filtration rates(GFR), renal plasma flow(RPF), $E_K$, and the increase in $E_{Na}$. In the control kidney, these changes in renal function exhibited the same aspect as shown in intravenous experiments. In experiments given into carotid artery of GLY(0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg), changes in all renal function included the increase in urine volume were the same pattern as shown in intravenous experiments. The above results suggest that glibenclamide produces diuretic action through central function and the action site of the GLY in kidney is the renal distal tubules in dogs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.252-261
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• 1990

Arachidonic acid which is precursor of prostaglandins, when administered ($100.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, or $100.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) intravenously, did not influence on renal function of dog. Arachidonic acid, when infused ($10.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) into a renal artery, produced marked diuretic action accompanied with augmentation of renal plasma flow and with little changed glomerular filtration rate, and exhibited the increased clearances of osmolar substance and free water, and the decreased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules in only experimental kidney, but did not influenced at all in control kindey. The diuretic acition of arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery was not affected by pretreatment of indomethacin (10.0 mg/kg. i.v) which is inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Above results suggest that arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery produced diuretic action through direct renal hemodynamic changes, that is mediated by reduction of postglomerular resistance being caused by dilation of vas efferense.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1981

This study was attempted to investigate the action of debrisoquine, a sympathetic blocking agent presently employed in treating hypertension, on renal function and to elucidate the mechanism of its action. Debrisoquine, given intravenously, elicited increased urine flow, osmolar and free water clearances, along with marked increases in excretion of both sodium and potassium. Glomerular filtration rate also increased, but renal plasma flow tended to decrease, so that the filtration fraction tended to increase. Rates of reabsorption of sodium and potassium in renal tubules were also significantly diminished. The diuresis induced by debrisoquine was completely blocked by treatment with phentolamine and reserpine, and also markedly inhibited by acute renal denervation. Debrisoquine, when injected directly into a renal artery, produced antidiuretic effect and a reduction in urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, along with diminished renal plasma flow and increased filtration fraction. The above observations indicate that debrisoquine, when given intravenously, induces diuresis in the dog as a result of both diminished tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and of renal hemodynamic changes, which seem to be related to its inhibitory action of catecholamine-release from the sympathetic nerve endings.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The effect of BRL 34915, a $K^{+}$ channe$Na^{+}$l opener, on renal function was investigated in anesthetized dog. BRL 34915, when given into the vein, elicited the decrease of urine volume accompanied with the reduction of renal plasma flow (RPF), osmolar clearance ($C_{osm}$) and amounts of sodium excreted into urine ($E_{na}$), whereas reabsorption rate of sodium in renal tubules ($R_{na}$), ratio of $K^{+}$ against $Na^{+}$ in urine ($K^{+}$ /$Na^{+}$) were elevated significantly with a partial fall of mean arterial pressure (MAP). BRL 34915 injected into a renal artery produced the diuretic action along with the increase in RPF $C_{osm}$, $E_{na}$ and amounts of potassium excreted in urine ($E_{k}$), and the decrease in $R_{na}$, reabsorption rate of potassium in renal tubules ($R_{k}$), free water clearance ($C_{H20}$) and $K^{+}/Na^{+}$ ratio in only ipsilateral kidney, however changes of the renal function were not observed in control kidney. BRL 34915 given into carotid artery exhibited the same aspect as changes of renal function induced by intravenous BRL 34915. These results suggest that BRL 34915 has dual effects, renally acting diuretic and centrally acting antidiuretic action.n.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.213-221
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• 1990

Effect of Jeo Ryong-Tang water Extract on Renal Function in Rabbit and Dog. In order to investigate the Pharmacological action of Jeo Ryoung-Tang on renal function, this study was performed in rabbit and dog, making use of it's water extract. Jeo Ryoung-Tang water extract (JRWE), when given into ear vein of rabbits, produced diuresis in a small dose, but antidiuresis in a large dose. Diuretic action of JRWE accompanied the increase of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and amounts of $Na^+$ in exdreated in urin, but fractional excretion of filtered $Na^+$ was not changed. JRWE, when injected into proleg's vein of dog, produced diuresis, At this time, changes of renal function were similar to that of diuresis in rabbit. JRWE, when infused into a renal artery of dog, exhibited the diuresis in both kidney. It is thought that JRWE, when given into vein of rabbit or dog, induces the diuresis, and the mechanism of it's diuresis is the increase of renal plasma flow through secondary action by some endogenous humoural substance.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.376-393
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• 1987

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of nifedipine, a vasodilating drug which acts through calcium antagonism, on renal function using mongrel dog. Nifedipine, when given interavenously in doses ranging from 1.5 to 5.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, elicited diuresis along with less changes of glomerular filtration rate and significant increases of renal plasma flow, so that the filtration fraction(FF) decreased significantly, at the same time both osmolar and free water clearances increased, and amount of sodium, potassium and calcium excreted in urine increased significantly. Nifedipine, when infused into a renal artery in doses from 0.05 to 0.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/min, exhibited identical responses to the actions of intraveneous nifedipine except significant increase of glomerular filtration rate and no change of FF, which was confined only to the infused kidney. The renal action of nifedipine into a renal artery were not influenced by renal denervation, decreased significantly by ouabain, Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase inhibitor, which was given into a renal artery. Nifedipine infused into a renal artery in dog pretreated with propranolol i.v. produced diuresis associated with the increase of electrolytes excretion by reduction of electrolyte reabsorption and with no changes of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Thus, it is concluded that nifedipine infused into a renal aretery produces diuretic action along with both improvement of hemodynamics and inhibition of electrolytes reabsorption, which may be related to sympathetic $\beta$-receptor or Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase activity because the action of nifedipine in kidney is blocked by propranolol or ouabain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.468-477
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• 1996

Vasopressin which is an antidiuretic hormone in human body produced the diuretic action in dog. This study was investigated in order to certify the diuretic action and to search out the mechanism of the action on the vasopressin. Vasopressin, when given in a dose of 10.0mU/kg, bolus+1.0mU/kg/min intravenously, exhibited the increase of urine flow(Vol), renal plasma flow(RPF), osmolar clearance (Cosm) and amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine ($E_{Na},\;E_K$), the decrease of reabsorption rate of sodium and potassium in renal tubules ($R_{Na},\;R_K$), and then elevated the mean arterial pressure(MAP). Vasopressin given in a increased dose to 30.0mU/kg, bolus+1.0mU/kg/min intravenously elicited the same aspect with that exhibited by a small dose in changes of Vol. and all renal function and potentiated the change rates, whereas this time MAP did not change at all when compared with control value. Vasopressin, when administered into a renal artery, did not induce the changes of Vol and all renal function in experimental (administered) kidney, but increased slightly the Vol, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), $E_{Na},\;and\;E_K$ expected the no change of $R_{Na}\;and\;R_K$ in the control (not administered) kidney. Vasopressin, when infused into carotid artery, showed the increase of Vol. GFR, $E_{Na},\;and\;E_K$ and no change of $R_{Na}\;and\;R_K$ in a dose of 1/5 of intravenous dose. Diuretic action of vasopressin administered into carotid artery was not influenced by renal denervation. Above results suggest that vasopressin produced diuretic action by hemodynamic changes in dogs. These hemodynamic changes may be mediated by central endogenous substances not associated with renal nerve.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2001

This study was investigated about the effect of glibenclamide (GLY) which is $K^{+}$ channel blocker on renal function in rabbit, GLY, when given into the vein, produced the diuretic action accompanied with the increases of amounts of N $a^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted into urine ( $E_{Na}$ , $E^{K}$), and then osmolar and negative free water clearances ( $C_{osm}$, $T^{C}$$_{H2O}$), fraction excretory rates of filtered N $a^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ ( $F_{Na}$ , $F_{K}$) and ratios of $E_{K}$ against $E_{Na}$ were augmented. Filtration fraction (FF) were reduced because renal plasma flow (RPF) were not changed but glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were diminished. GLY administered into a renal artery exhibited significant reduction of urine volume along with the decreases of GFR and RPF in only experimented kidney whereas changes of renal function was not observed in control kidney. GLY given intracerebroventricularly exhibited diuretic action along with the increase of $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$ and $F_{Na}$ , $F_{K}$ by small dose which was not affect on renal function when it given into the vein. Above results suggest that GLY given into the vein in rabbit produce the diuretic action by inhibition of electrolytes reabsorption in renal tubules through central function. function.n. function.ion.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.130-143
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• 1985

Bumetanide, when given intravenously in dogs, induced a potent diuresis with an increased amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine due to inhibition of reabsorbing them in renal tubule. Furthermore, clearances of osmolar substance and para-aminohippuric acid were increased, but clearace of free water diminished without any change of creatinine clearance. Bumetanide, administered directly into a renal artery, elicited diuresis only in the infused(experimental) kidney by the same mode of action as in the intravenous cases in renal function of the dog. Renal effects of intravenous bumetanide after pretreatment with the small dose of indomethacin (5.0mg/kg) revealed reduction only in clearance of paraaminohippuric acid. However the much dose of indomethacin (5.0mg/kg+5.0mg/kg/hr) or arachidonic acid showed a significant inhibition in the change rates of all renal function by bumetanide. Morover, pretreatment of probenecid also made a marked reduction in renal effects induced by bumetanide. From the above results, it is thought that bumetanide causes diuretic action due to dual mechanism inhibiting reabsorption of electrolytes in loop of Henle and increasing blood flow in kindney, that are provoked through the mediation of prostaglandins.