• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

현 증례보고는 백색 병소의 치료에 있어 Icon (DMG)을 사용한 레진 침투법과 Opalustre (Ultradent Products, Inc.)를 사용한 미세연마술의 효과를 비교하였다. 현 연구의 결과는 비록 두 치료 방법 모두가 백색 병소를 완전히 제거하지는 못하였으나, 레진 침투법이 좀 더 효과적임을 보여주었다. 따라서 레진 침투법은 백색 병소의 치료에 우선적으로 선택될 수 있으며, 이 때 증례 선택에 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

Objectives: To investigate whether medical institutions can prevent accidents by analyzing the root cause of a medical accident and identifying the tendencies. Methods: A total of 345 medical cases were used for the RCA(Root Cause Analysis). The root causes were classified using the SHELL model. The suitability of the model was confirmed by SPSS's MDPREF and Euclidean distance. An SPSS20.0 hierarchical regression analysis was used as an influencing factor on the degree of injury resulting from medical accidents. Results: The SHELL model was suitable for classification. The rates of accident causes were LS49%, L34%, LL10.2%, LE3.7%, LH2.3%. The order in which the degree of a patient's injury was affected were: Risk Threshold (${\beta}=.180$), Time (${\beta}=.175$), Surgical stage (${\beta}=-.166$), Do not use procedure (${\beta}=.147$). Conclusions: Health care institutions should remove priorities through system improvement and training. For patients' safety, the five factors of the SHELL model should be managed in harmony.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.692-700
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• 2018

In this study, the results of PBDEs and HBCDs of the products and waste that contain BFRs such as domestic electronic products, automobiles and textile products were compared with international management standards, and their excess rates were calculated. Deca-BDE was detected among the PBDEs in TV rear cover plastics, car seats, automotive interior plastics, and automobile shredding residues of products and waste containing BFRs. The comparison with Basel Convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDE-containing wastes (4 types in total) shows that the excess rate of all samples was less than 1.5%. The estimated excess rate compared to the EU and Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDEs (4 species + deca-BDE) and TV rear cover plastics was 37.5% (30 of 80 samples exceeded the standards). The estimated excess rate compared to the Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for HBCD, building materials products and waste was 15.7% (17 of 108 samples exceeded the standards). In the case of PBDEs, it is necessary to remove only the rear cover of CRT TV among the electric and electronic products and treat it in the flame retardant treatment facility to improve the recycling collection system. In the case of HBCD, it is necessary to appropriately dispose of the recycled materials, heat insulation materials, TV plastics, and styrofoam in marine fishery among construction materials and restrict the use as recycled raw materials.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.1037-1040
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• 2019

For the past 50 years, graphite has been widely used as a moderator, reflector and fuel matrix in different kinds of gas-cooled reactors. Resulting in approximately 250,000 metric tons of irradiated graphite waste. One of the most significant long-lived radioisotope from graphite reactors is carbon-14 ($^{14}C$) with a half-life of 5730 years, this makes it a huge concern for deep geologic disposal of nuclear graphite (NG). Considering the lifecycle of NG a number of waste management options have been developed, mainly focused on the achievement the radiological requirements for disposal. The existing approaches for recycling depend on the cost to be economically viable. In this new study, an affordable process to remove $^{14}C$ has been proposed using samples taken from the Nuclear Power Plant in Latina (Italy) which have been used to investigate the capability of organic and inorganic solvents in removing $^{14}C$ from exfoliated nuclear graphite, with the aim to design a practicable approach to obtain graphite for recycling or/and safety disposed as L& LLW.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제10C권6호
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• pp.815-824
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• 2003

다양한 조직을이 그들의 전산환경을 효과적으로 보호하기 위해 보안시스템을 설치하고 이들 보안 시스템들을 통합보안기술을 이용하여 관리를 하고 있는 추세이다. 그러나, 현재의 통합보안관리 모델은 수동적이며 사후 대응 방식이다. 공격성공 가능성을 낮추고 보안관리 비용과 자원을 하고 있는 추세이다. 그러나, 현재의 통합보안관리 모델은 수동적이며 사후 대응 방식이다. 공격성공 가능성을 낮추고 보안관리 바용과 자원의 절감을 위해서는 위험예방 차원의 보안관리가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 정보 자산의 중요도와 자산이 위치한 호스트/네트워크의 보안성을 평가하여 사전에 자산에 대한 보호대책을 세우는 사전 준비 방식의 통합보안관리 모델인 PRISM을 제안한다. PRISM은 자산이 처리되는 호스트나 네트워크의 보안 수준을 평가한 결과에 따라서 각 보안 시스템들의 정책을 적절히 조정하고 각 자산들에게 요구되는 수준의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 보안관리 모델이다. 사전 예방 방식의 보안 관리를 실현하기 위하 PRISM은 현재와 같이 복잡한 네트워크 보안에 ㄷ한 효과적인 방법을 제시할 것이다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

국가연구개발사업의 보다 나은 연구성과 도출을 위해서는 양적인 지원규모의 확대와 우수한 연구인력의 확보뿐만 아니라 연구자가 연구에 몰입할 수 있는 연구환경의 조성도 중요한 요소라고 생각된다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 연구비 집행과정에서 발생하는 행정업무 부담이 연구자의 연구몰입에 많은 어려움을 초래하고 있는 것이 현실이기 때문에, 정부는 대학 교수들의 연구비 회계관리에 대한 부담을 덜어줌으로써 연구의 효율성을 극대화하기 위해서 연구비 중앙관리제도를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 정부지원 연구비와 대학의 연구성과간의 관계에서 연구비 중앙관리제도의 조절효과(Moderating Effects)를 분석하였다. 분석결과 각 대학의 연구비 중앙관리 수준이 높을수록 연구비가 연구성과(KCI등재 건수, SCI등재 건수, 특허출원 건수)에 미치는 영향력이 더 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 기존 연구의 관점을 확대하였을 뿐만 아니라 정부정책의 실제적인 효과를 분석하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2002

Illegal fishing is often cited as a principal cause of the failure of fisheries management, expecially fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. Usually, illegal fishing problems are perceived to be equivalent to inadequate enforcement, and policy prescription then follow to strengthen enforcement programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the illegal fishing behavior relatively recent emphasis on fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. The analysis focuses on measuring, explaining and developing the effectiveness way of enforcement strategies responding to imperfectly managed fishing efforts regulations through illegal fishing behavior and avoid enforcement fishing efforts measures. A model of fishermen fishing behavior and profit-maximizing decision making is analyzed to determine optimal fishing at individual fisherman level in response to fishing efforts regulation. The results of economic analysis of the enforcement of illegal fishing in traditional fisheries management results are as follows: First, illegal fishing will occur only if enforcement effort is not so high as to remove the incentive to do so, and if the effectiveness of avoidance is not too great, nor its cost too low. Second, avoidance effort will occur at a level jointly proportional to the extent of illegal activity and of enforcement; for given levels of the latter, the desired avoidance effort increase with its effectiveness and decrease with its cost Third, to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, understanding avoidance behavior appears to be crucial to any efforts. Forth, enforcement and fishermen behavior interact depends strongly on characteristics of avoidance, specifically its cost and effectiveness. When avoidance is neither too cheap nor too effective, the interaction is regular. Fifth, in this case, at low levels of enforcement, fishers respond to increases in enforcement by increasing avoidance, but at higher enforcement levels, it becomes uneconomical to continue to do so, and avoidance decreases with enforcement. Sixth, illegal fishing activity decreases steadily with enforcement, so the fishery manager is able, in theory, to reduce illegal fishing toward zero by increasing enforcement. If, however, avoidance is very inexpensive and/or very efficient/ then the optimal level of avoidance will increase indefinitely with increasing enforcement. Finally, less fishery enforcement is required if fishermen have less incentive to overfish, and fishermen have less incentive to avoid fishery enforcement measures.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2006

Degradation of the herbicide butachlor was investigated using laboratory-synthesized zerovalent iron ($Fe^0$). The synthesized zerovalent iron was determined to be nanoscale powder by scanning electron microscopic analysis. To investigate degradation of butachlor using the synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron, time-course batch experiments were conducted by treating the solution of butachlor formulation with the iron. More than 90% degradation of butachlor was observed by iron treatment within 24 h. The synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron showed an increase in particle aggregation in the batch tests. Green rust formation and a pH drop in solutions were observed, suggesting that the oxidation of the iron occurred. When the iron was extracted with dichloromethane, a negligible concentration was found in the extract, suggesting that butachlor did not bind to the iron particles. GC/MS analysis detected the dechlorinated product as a major degradation product of butachlor in the solutions. The data indicate that laboratory-synthesized zerovalent iron functioned as a reductant to remove electron-withdrawing chlorine, giving the dechlorinated product.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2016

본 연구는 천연기념물로 지정된 소나무와 은행나무를 중심으로 수목활력도를 측정하고, 관리시설물에 따른 노거수의 수목활력도 차이를 규명하였다. 수목활력도 측정 결과 소나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $14.9K{\Omega}$이고, $8.5{\sim}37.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하며, 은행나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $13.5K{\Omega}$로, $6.4{\sim}40.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 관리시설물 현황조사 결과 소나무, 은행나무 모두 과반수 복토 및 석축이 이루어졌고, 특히 복토 여부에 따라 수목의 활력에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 소나무와 은행나무 모두 복토 된 수목의 형성층 전기저항 값이 복토되지 않은 수목보다 유의하게 높게 나타나 상대적인 생육상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복토를 제거하는 방향으로 관리가 필요하며 천연기념물로 지정된 노거수 외 지자체에서 관리하고 있는 보호수에 대한 관리방안 실태조사도 실시하여 전반적인 복토 제거 등 관리시설물 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Asbestos have been used around the world by physical and chemical characteristics that are a reliable and cost-effective. But asbestos, once called the miracle of mineral, is now a quiet time bomb. Asbestos hazards have been studied and the government has pursued 'Comprehensive Measures for Asbestos Management' jointly with related departments. As a part of plan, Ministry of Environment is to introduce legislation 'Asbestos Safety Management Act' through Environment Announcement No. 2010-108. The same Act. 24 shows as follows. Minister of Environment or governor should do survey on the actual condition targeting rural buildings with slates and partly or fully fund to dissolve, remove asbestos slate which was used in each building. However, the local survey was only conducted by each municipality regionally. And there is no actual condition data by area, application and year, and there was no data on disposal costs concerning asbestos slate buildings In this study, discharge of asbestos slate was calculated per unit area and formula was developed with regression analysis. In addition, Demolition, dismantling, disposal costs were computed via a phone survey to disposal companies and then this study proposed standards for this.