• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

This case report compared the effectiveness of resin infiltration technique (Icon, DMG) with microabrasion (Opalustre, Ultradent Products, Inc.) in management of white spot lesions. It demonstrates that although neither microabrasion nor resin infiltration technique can remove white spot lesions completely, resin infiltration technique seems to be more effective than microabrasion. Therefore resin infiltration technique can be chosen preferentially for management of white spot lesions and caution should be taken for case selection.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

Objectives: To investigate whether medical institutions can prevent accidents by analyzing the root cause of a medical accident and identifying the tendencies. Methods: A total of 345 medical cases were used for the RCA(Root Cause Analysis). The root causes were classified using the SHELL model. The suitability of the model was confirmed by SPSS's MDPREF and Euclidean distance. An SPSS20.0 hierarchical regression analysis was used as an influencing factor on the degree of injury resulting from medical accidents. Results: The SHELL model was suitable for classification. The rates of accident causes were LS49%, L34%, LL10.2%, LE3.7%, LH2.3%. The order in which the degree of a patient's injury was affected were: Risk Threshold (${\beta}=.180$), Time (${\beta}=.175$), Surgical stage (${\beta}=-.166$), Do not use procedure (${\beta}=.147$). Conclusions: Health care institutions should remove priorities through system improvement and training. For patients' safety, the five factors of the SHELL model should be managed in harmony.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.692-700
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• 2018

In this study, the results of PBDEs and HBCDs of the products and waste that contain BFRs such as domestic electronic products, automobiles and textile products were compared with international management standards, and their excess rates were calculated. Deca-BDE was detected among the PBDEs in TV rear cover plastics, car seats, automotive interior plastics, and automobile shredding residues of products and waste containing BFRs. The comparison with Basel Convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDE-containing wastes (4 types in total) shows that the excess rate of all samples was less than 1.5%. The estimated excess rate compared to the EU and Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDEs (4 species + deca-BDE) and TV rear cover plastics was 37.5% (30 of 80 samples exceeded the standards). The estimated excess rate compared to the Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for HBCD, building materials products and waste was 15.7% (17 of 108 samples exceeded the standards). In the case of PBDEs, it is necessary to remove only the rear cover of CRT TV among the electric and electronic products and treat it in the flame retardant treatment facility to improve the recycling collection system. In the case of HBCD, it is necessary to appropriately dispose of the recycled materials, heat insulation materials, TV plastics, and styrofoam in marine fishery among construction materials and restrict the use as recycled raw materials.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.1037-1040
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• 2019

For the past 50 years, graphite has been widely used as a moderator, reflector and fuel matrix in different kinds of gas-cooled reactors. Resulting in approximately 250,000 metric tons of irradiated graphite waste. One of the most significant long-lived radioisotope from graphite reactors is carbon-14 ($^{14}C$) with a half-life of 5730 years, this makes it a huge concern for deep geologic disposal of nuclear graphite (NG). Considering the lifecycle of NG a number of waste management options have been developed, mainly focused on the achievement the radiological requirements for disposal. The existing approaches for recycling depend on the cost to be economically viable. In this new study, an affordable process to remove $^{14}C$ has been proposed using samples taken from the Nuclear Power Plant in Latina (Italy) which have been used to investigate the capability of organic and inorganic solvents in removing $^{14}C$ from exfoliated nuclear graphite, with the aim to design a practicable approach to obtain graphite for recycling or/and safety disposed as L& LLW.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2003

Many organizations operate security systems and manage them using the intergrated secutity management (ISM) dechnology to secyre their network environment effectively. But current ISM is passive and behaves post-event manner. To reduce cost and resource for managing security and to remove possbility of succeeding in attacks by intruder, the perventive security management technology is required. In this paper, we propose PRISM model that performs preventative security management with evaluating the security level of host or network and the sensitivity level of information asset from potential risks before security incidents occur. The PRISM can give concrete and effective security management in managing the current complex networks.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

In order to enhance the performance of National R&D program, it is required not only the R&D funds and human resources, but also the composition of the research environment in which the researchers could fully concentrate on study. Particularly in Korea, executive burdens that arise in the course of the administration of research fund are frequently causing difficulties in concentrating on study. To remove this burden on financial management and maximize the efficiency of research funding, the government has implemented the central management system of the R&D fund. This study analyzed the moderating effects of the centralized management system of the R&D fund on the relationship between government fund and performance of the university research. Based on the analyzed result, this study concluded that the higher level of centralized management system of the R&D fund is implemented, the more influence on research outcomes grow. This study is significant to extend previous research point of view, as well as analyze the practical effect of government policies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-73
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• 2002

Illegal fishing is often cited as a principal cause of the failure of fisheries management, expecially fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. Usually, illegal fishing problems are perceived to be equivalent to inadequate enforcement, and policy prescription then follow to strengthen enforcement programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the illegal fishing behavior relatively recent emphasis on fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. The analysis focuses on measuring, explaining and developing the effectiveness way of enforcement strategies responding to imperfectly managed fishing efforts regulations through illegal fishing behavior and avoid enforcement fishing efforts measures. A model of fishermen fishing behavior and profit-maximizing decision making is analyzed to determine optimal fishing at individual fisherman level in response to fishing efforts regulation. The results of economic analysis of the enforcement of illegal fishing in traditional fisheries management results are as follows: First, illegal fishing will occur only if enforcement effort is not so high as to remove the incentive to do so, and if the effectiveness of avoidance is not too great, nor its cost too low. Second, avoidance effort will occur at a level jointly proportional to the extent of illegal activity and of enforcement; for given levels of the latter, the desired avoidance effort increase with its effectiveness and decrease with its cost Third, to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, understanding avoidance behavior appears to be crucial to any efforts. Forth, enforcement and fishermen behavior interact depends strongly on characteristics of avoidance, specifically its cost and effectiveness. When avoidance is neither too cheap nor too effective, the interaction is regular. Fifth, in this case, at low levels of enforcement, fishers respond to increases in enforcement by increasing avoidance, but at higher enforcement levels, it becomes uneconomical to continue to do so, and avoidance decreases with enforcement. Sixth, illegal fishing activity decreases steadily with enforcement, so the fishery manager is able, in theory, to reduce illegal fishing toward zero by increasing enforcement. If, however, avoidance is very inexpensive and/or very efficient/ then the optimal level of avoidance will increase indefinitely with increasing enforcement. Finally, less fishery enforcement is required if fishermen have less incentive to overfish, and fishermen have less incentive to avoid fishery enforcement measures.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.101-105
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• 2006

Degradation of the herbicide butachlor was investigated using laboratory-synthesized zerovalent iron ($Fe^0$). The synthesized zerovalent iron was determined to be nanoscale powder by scanning electron microscopic analysis. To investigate degradation of butachlor using the synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron, time-course batch experiments were conducted by treating the solution of butachlor formulation with the iron. More than 90% degradation of butachlor was observed by iron treatment within 24 h. The synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron showed an increase in particle aggregation in the batch tests. Green rust formation and a pH drop in solutions were observed, suggesting that the oxidation of the iron occurred. When the iron was extracted with dichloromethane, a negligible concentration was found in the extract, suggesting that butachlor did not bind to the iron particles. GC/MS analysis detected the dechlorinated product as a major degradation product of butachlor in the solutions. The data indicate that laboratory-synthesized zerovalent iron functioned as a reductant to remove electron-withdrawing chlorine, giving the dechlorinated product.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.415-422
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• 2016

This study measured the vitality of Pinus densiflora and Ginko biloba and analyzed the differences of vitality levels among trees based on artificial management. Research has shown that the mean value of cambial electrical resistance (CER) on Pinus densiflora was $14.9K{\Omega}$(between $8.5{\sim}37.5K{\Omega}$), and for Ginko biloba it was $13.5K{\Omega}$ (between 6.4 and $40.5K{\Omega}$). For the purpose of artificial management, over 50% of trees were covered up with soil and about 40% of trees were not protected by fence to enable growth spaces. It was seen that the CER of trees covered up with soil was significantly higher than that of trees which were not covered up with soil. These results indicate that it is necessary to remove the soil covering for effective management of monumental trees.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Asbestos have been used around the world by physical and chemical characteristics that are a reliable and cost-effective. But asbestos, once called the miracle of mineral, is now a quiet time bomb. Asbestos hazards have been studied and the government has pursued 'Comprehensive Measures for Asbestos Management' jointly with related departments. As a part of plan, Ministry of Environment is to introduce legislation 'Asbestos Safety Management Act' through Environment Announcement No. 2010-108. The same Act. 24 shows as follows. Minister of Environment or governor should do survey on the actual condition targeting rural buildings with slates and partly or fully fund to dissolve, remove asbestos slate which was used in each building. However, the local survey was only conducted by each municipality regionally. And there is no actual condition data by area, application and year, and there was no data on disposal costs concerning asbestos slate buildings In this study, discharge of asbestos slate was calculated per unit area and formula was developed with regression analysis. In addition, Demolition, dismantling, disposal costs were computed via a phone survey to disposal companies and then this study proposed standards for this.