• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

When using a higher-order modulation scheme, there are variations in bit-reliability depending on the bit position in a modulation symbol. Variations of bit-reliability in the codeword block lower the decoding performance. Also, the decoding performance increases as the sum of the bit-reliabilities in the codeword block increases. This paper presents a novel hybrid automatic repeat request scheme that increases the sum of the reliabilities of the transmitted bits by lowering the modulation order, and decreases the variations of bit-reliability in the codeword block by preferentially retransmitting bits with low reliability. The proposed scheme outperforms the constellation rearrangement scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme also provides a good solution in cases where the size of the retransmission block is smaller than the size of the initial transmission block.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.321-322
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• 2005

In this paper, we dealt with a partial discharge(PD) measurement system that has been accepted as an effective and non-destructive technique for estimating reliabilities of low-voltage electrical and electronic components. Calibration tests on laboratory set-up have shown that the PD measurement system has a stable sensitivity of 37.6 mv/pC. In an application test on photo coupler, we could detect 0.1 pC level of partial discharge at the applied voltage of AC 520 $V_{peak}$.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2012

The trochanteric prominence angle test (TPAT) has been used to measure the femoral anteversion angle between the tibial crest and the vertical line. However, the exact anatomical reference of the tibial crest has not yet been identified in the literature. Thus, the purposes of this research were twofold: first, to compare the femoral anteversion angle measured at three different anatomical references of the tibial crest (the proximal tibial crest, the proximal third of tibial crest, and the proximal half of tibial crest) and, second, to determine inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of the femoral anteversion angle measured at these three different anatomical references of the tibial crest during the TPAT. We recruited 14 healthy subjects, and a total of 28 legs were examined. The TPAT was measured using a digital inclinometer. A 1-way repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to compare the femoral anteversion angle measured at three different anatomical references of the tibial crest, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine reliability. The femoral anteversion angle measured at the proximal tibial crest was significantly higher than that at the proximal third of the tibial crest and the proximal half of the tibial crest. The inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of femoral anteversion angle were measured at three anatomic references of the tibial crest were all found to be high during the TPAT (ICC=.9 0~.98). In conclusion, clinicians should recognize that the different degrees of the femoral anteversion angle could be measured when different anatomical references of the tibial crest were used, and that reliabilities were high when an exact anatomical reference of the tibial crest was used during the TPAT.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

Background: Millard's rotation-advancement repair, which is used by many surgeons, can make a natural philtral column, but most surgeons use a modification of the rotation-advancement flap. The purpose of this article is to introduce a modification utilized by the authors and to provide detailed surgical procedure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients' medical records and presented surgical technique and outcomes. The main features of the authors' strategy are emphasizing horizontal length of the lip, orbicularis oris muscle duplication for improving the definition of the philtral column, overcorrection of domal portion than the non-cleft side in order to compensate for the recurrence during growth. Two judges rated two times the appearance of the patients' nose and lip using Asher-McDade aesthetic index. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were determined using Cohen's kappa statistics. Results: All patients recovered eventually after surgery; however, two patients have a minor complications (wound infection in one patient, wound disruption due to trauma in the other patient). The improvement of the aesthetic results can be achieved with this modified Millard technique. Total mean scores of the Asher-McDade index was 2.08, fair to good appearance. The intraobserver reliabilities were substantial to almost perfect agreement and the interobserver reliabilities were moderate to almost perfect agreement. Conclusion: We modified Millard method for repair of complete unilateral cleft lip. The surgical outcomes were favorable in long-term follow-up. We hope our technique will serve as a guide for those new to the procedure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.60-65
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• 1999

We have conducted a study of the interobserver reliabilities of Modified Barthel Index and Motor Assessment Scale with 30 patients hospitalized with strokes in the department of circulatory internal medicine, Sang Ji University Oriental Hospital. The observations were performed by two staff and residents in the circulatory internal medicine department. Raters were assigned in random pairs to individual patients. Evaluations were performed independently by the two observers. In order to minimize the impact of fluctuations in the patients' clinical status, the second set of observations immediately followed the first. Each patient was used for only one pair of evaluations. The results were as follows. 1. Mean kappa value of 13 items in Modified Barthel Index(MBD was 0.742, which indicated excellent interobserver reliability. The kappa values indicated almost $perfect({\kappa}:\;0.81-1.00)$ for 4, substantial for $9({\kappa}:\;0.61-0.80)$, and moderate for $2({\kappa}:\;0.41-0.60)$ of 13 items. All items. except Grooming item, showed statistically significant interobserver agreement(p<0.01) 2. Mean kappa value of 8 items. except General tonus, in Motor Assessment Scale(MAS) was 0.823, which indicated excellent interobserver reliability. and this value of Motor Assessment Scale was more high than MBI' s value. 0.81. The kappa values indicated almost perfect for 5, substantial for 3 of 8 items. All items showed statistically significant interobserver agreement(P<0.01).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

Purpose : Many researchers have attempted to identity the reliability used in clinical examination of balance and gait performance for individuals of hemiparetic stroke. The study aims to evaluate whether the reliabilities of three popular clinical measures of balance and gait performance was consistency regardless of applicate experience of those clinical measures compared with previous studies for persons with hemiparetic stroke. Methods : A total of three hemiparetic stroke populations and twenty-six physical therapists were recruited from Glory hospital, Inchen, Korea in this study. The three clinical measures, involving Berg balance test (BBT), dynamic gait index (DGI), and Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA), were assessed in two sessions that were seven days apart. Results : The POMA was showed a good intrarater and interrater reliabilities in people with hemiparetic stroke regardless of measure's experience in clinical field. However BBT and DGI were showed below moderate intrarater and interrater reliabilities. Conclusion : The POMA could be a reliable measure to evaluate functional postural stability and gait performance in hemiparetic stroke patients compared with other two clinical measures regardless of measure's experience of physical therapists.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1993

In this paper, we relate the reliability of the system to the reliabilities of the components or subsystems. We discussed the basic concept of system reliability and present a method to determine probabilities of failure of coherent system components under various conditions, especially forcused on probability of component or subsystem failure before system failure. Several examples illustrate the procedure.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.285-301
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• 2017

Purpose In this paper we verified the reliabilities of healthcare-related information provided by various users on the site of Naver Jisikin, a Korean typical search platform. Based on Q&A contents we validated answers' reliabilities to the asked questions about a lung cancer with the help of professors at a medical school. Design/methodology/approach The content analysis includes that the types of questions are classified into symptom/diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, after-management and so on. The answers contains advice, advertisement, oriental medicine, and religion as well as the above 5 question categories. The validation results of medical evidence about each answer show that only 49% among all answers have medical grounds. Findings We classified the medical grounded answers into three levels; high, medium and low. Among all answers we need to find out the answers including advertisement because the answers can be harmful to patients. We found the method to select the answers containing advertisement contents with the help of text mining research. The selection model presents high performance as 84% classification accuracy.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 1993

In general, the strength and stiffness of laminated composite cylindrical shells are very sensitive to the variation of slenderness parameters, some coupling-stiffness parameters, lamination angles, stacking sequence and number of layers. In this paper, the effects of these factors on the strength and buckling reliabilities of GFRP laminated cylindrical shells are investigated based on the proposed strength and buckling limit state models. As these factors have various and complicated effects on the strength and buckling reliabilities of GFRP laminated cylindrical shells, the results should be incorporated into the design formula such that optimum design technique and design code which provide uniform consistent reliability for balanced design in practice

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 2007

In general, the reliabilities of the fuzzy system are represented and analyzed by real numbers between zero and one, fuzzy numbers, intervals of confidence, interval-valued fuzzy sets, vague sets, etc. This paper addresses the method to analyze the reliability of the fuzzy system for the weighted components with the weights reflected on the importance of weighted components in an system. The reliabilities and the weights of the weighted components in a fuzzy numbers and considers the weights of the weighted components in a fuzzy system, therefore, its execution is faster and more flexible than the conventional methods.