• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.123-132
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• 2005

In the highly developing industrial society, design has been playing the central role in the managerial strategy of a company and has been one of the central agendas in determining the economical competence of a country, and has also been regarded as a means to acquire sustainable superior competence. Thus, these trends suggest that the aesthetic value of a product has become more important than its technological function. In this study we reviewed theoretically esthetic factors influencing the preference and the evaluation of a product and made a list of eight esthetic factors based on various referential studies which include simplicity, balance, unity, rhythm, style, novelty, typicality, and proportion. We investigated the esthetic factors affecting consumers preferences and the basis for evaluating a product. Conclusively, this study aimed at providing materials for developing product design by presenting an esthetic guideline and to put these materials to practical use. The study also investigated other considered elements classified by manufactures and the importance of esthetic factors and its influence on consumer tastes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

There is a host of habitat assessment systems available to evaluate and grade tidal flat ecosystems in Korea. Nevertheless, we recognize the need to develop a better ecological scheme to improve reliability and accuracy given the importance of using an empirical approach in assigning grades to indicators and the limitation of current systems which evaluate tidal flats on a regional basis. A preferable system would be one that enables habitat mapping within a tidal flat, provides a diagnosis of ecological stress/health, has a high level of ecological relevance, communicability, and statistical robustness, and enables evaluation of diverse habitats within a tidal flat. The following points should be considered in framing such a system. Indicators should discriminate habitat quality into five to seven grades accomodating diverse characteristics and conservation value of a habitat, and the grading should be made from frequency distribution of indicators based on nationwide data.We suggest the following tasks in crafting such a system: i) The decision on selection of indicators should be made based on accuracy of assessment and practical application; ii) effects of physical habitat conditions on variability of indicators should be reflected; and, iii) further works on stress/health indicators should be addressed for adopting a multiple-indicator approach which reduces misdiagnosis.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the stress and depressive symptoms in Korean soldiers. Methods : Data were collected on 131 subjects through self-report using the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (K-AADHDS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Korean Wender Utah Rating Scale (K-WURS), and the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI-K). Student t-tests, Pearson Correlation, Logistic regression, and Path analysis were performed. Results : The scores related to adult ADHD symptoms on the K-AADHDS and K-WURS were correlated with stress scores on the BEPSI-K (r=0.529, p<0.001 and r=0.484, p<0.001) and with depressive symptoms on the CES-D (r=0.686, p<0.001 and r=0.628, p<0.001). Scores related to adult ADHD on the K-AADHDS were the most significant risk factors for stress (O.R=1.198, 95% CI=1.104-1.299), and depressive symptoms (O.R=1.306, p95% CI=1.112-1.534). Path analysis on depressive symptoms showed that adult ADHD symptoms affected stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : The results suggest that it may be important to consider the evaluation and treatment of adult ADHD in soldiers. Prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects are warranted to further explore the relevance of the present results.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.456-463
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Setting healthful beverage expectations, making calcium-rich foods and beverages (CRF/B) available, and role modeling are parenting practices promoting calcium intake among early adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents of early adolescents to perform these practices. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Emotion-based messages were developed for each parenting practice and tested in 35 parents from 5 states. Findings were used to modify messages and develop a survey administered via Amazon MechanicalTurk to a convenience sample of Asian (n = 166) and Hispanic (n = 184) parents of children 10-13 years. Main outcome measures were message comprehension, motivation, relevance, acceptability, and novelty. Engagement in the parenting practices was also assessed. RESULTS: Message comprehension was acceptable for the majority of parents. Most also agreed that messages were motivational (setting healthful beverage expectations (69.0%), making CRF/B available (67.4%), and role modeling (80.0%)), relevant and acceptable. About 30-50% indicated they had not seen the information before. Many parents indicated they were already engaging in the practices (> 70%). No racial/ethnic differences were observed for responses to messages or engaging in parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents to engage in parenting practices that promote calcium intake among early adolescents were motivating, relevant, and acceptable.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.93-116
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• 2016

Knowledge, as a source of firm's competitive edges, has been drawing attention, while numerous enterprises are investing huge amount of assets to foster the right environments for executing knowledge management (KM). As a practical way of such KM, knowledge management systems (KMS) support the creation, diffusion, and utilization of knowledge, which are the tools for practicing such management style. Recently, the customer centers which make the closest contact with the customers are being concerned about the establishment of KMS. Considering the characteristics of real-time problem solving in customer centers during the consultation with the customers, the importance of KMS is paramount to the centers. This study analyzes major factors influencing the success and utilization of the customer center KMS's reestablishment, as an exploratory case study of the reestablishment of KMS in the customer center of K insurance company. First, the characteristic differences between the customer center's KMS and the traditional KMS are discussed, and the triangulation technique is applied to secure objectivity of this case study's findings. Major results of the case study state that, for the success of KMS and improvement of utilization, the followings should be considered preferentially: excellent system quality (accessibility, user convenience, easy searching, speed/menus); high information quality (accuracy, usefulness, timeliness, task-relevance, diversity, degree of specification); appropriate operation strategy and process for the utilization of system (education, training opportunity, appropriate personnel, speed and procedure of approval, compensation/evaluation); and change management via the support from the CEO's level (concern and participation of CEO, will to propel the project, investment, advertisement, etc.). This study provides practical suggestions with respect to factors which should be more carefully dealt with, since still many customer centers have hard time establishing and operating KMS due to lack of previous studies.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the resistance to sliding (RS) in self-ligating and conventional ligation bracket systems at 5 different second-order bracket angulations by using low-stiffness alignment wires in a 3-bracket experimental model and to verify the performance of the main RS components in both systems when these wires are used. Methods: Interactive self-ligating brackets with closed and open slides were used for the self-ligating (SL) and conventional ligation (CL) groups, respectively; elastomeric ligatures (1 mm inner diameter) were used in the latter system. The alignment wire used was 0.014 inch heat-activated NiTi (austenitic finish temperature set at $36^{\circ}C$ by the manufacturer). A custom-made testing machine was used to measure frictional resistance. Tests were repeated 5 times at every angulation simulated. All data were analyzed statistically. Results: The RS increased significantly with increasing angulation in both SL and CL groups (p < 0.0001). However, the RS values were significantly higher at every angulation (p < 0.0001) in the CL group. Conclusions: Despite the relevance of the binding phenomenon, ligation forces predominantly affect the RS when lowstiffness alignment wires are used.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2923-2928
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• 2015

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest number of cases being reported from certain districts of northeast India, which has an ethnically distinct population. Unfortunately there are no scientific reports on the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of the disease from this region. Aim: The present study evaluated the role of differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the development of gall bladder anomalies. Materials and Methods: Blood and tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical resection for clinically proven cases of gallbladder disease {cholelithiasis (CL, n=50), cholecystitis (CS, n=40) and GBC (n=30) along with adjacent histopathologically proved non-neoplastic controls (n=15)} with informed consent. Whole blood was also collected from age and sex matched healthy controls (n=25) for comparative analysis. Differential hTERT mRNA expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR and real-time PCR based analysis using ${\beta}$-actin as an internal control. Evaluation of differential hTERT protein expression was studied by Western blot analysis and immunoflourescence. Statistical analysis for differential expression and co-relation was performed by SPSSv13.0 software. Results: Gallbladder anomalies were mostly prevalent in females. The hTERT mRNA and protein expression increased gradiently from normal

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Among the techniques for analyzing big data, the association rule mining is a technique for searching for relationship between some items using various relevance evaluation criteria. This associative rule scheme is based on the direction of rule creation, and there are positive, negative, and inverse association rules. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of various types of relatively causal strength measures to the types of association rules from the point of view of interestingness measure. We also clarify the relationship between various types of confidence measures. As a result, if the rate of occurrence of the posterior item is more than 0.5, the first measure ($RCS_{IJ1}$) proposed by Good (1961) is more preferable to the first measure ($RCS_{LR1}$) proposed by Lewis (1986) because the variation of the value is larger than that of $RCS_{LR1}$, and if the ratio is less than 0.5, $RCS_{LR1}$ is more preferable to $RCS_{IJ1}$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2007

We examined the contribution of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes and drug interactions to the phenytoin metabolism among 97 Korean epileptic patients to determine if pharmacogenetic testing could be utilized in routine clinical practice. The CYP2C9 polymorphism is a wellknown major genetic factor responsible for phenytoin metabolism. The CYP219 polymorphism, with a high incidence of variant alleles, has a minor influence on phenytoin treated Koran patients. Using a multiple regression model for evaluation of the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes, together with other non-genetic variables, we explained 39.6% of the variance in serum phenytoin levels. Incorporation of genotyping for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 into a clinical practice may be of some help in the determination of phenytoin dosage. However, because concurrent drug treatment is common in patients taking phenytoin and many environmental factors are likely to play a role in drug metabolism, these factors may overwhelm the relevance of CYP polymorphisms in the clinical setting. Further investigations with an approach to dose assessment that includes comprehensive interpretation of both pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic data along with understanding of the mechanism of drug interactions in dosage adjustment is warranted.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

Background: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known as a cytokine central to the hematopoiesis of blood cells and to modulate their cellular functions. Besides granulocytes and their precursors, monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells are direct target cells of G-CSF action. G-CSF influences immune cells in an anti inflammatory way. Methods: To evaluate whether G-CSF has a potential for preventing or ameliorating diseases characterized by mucosal inflammation, we used a mouse model with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory colitis. To the mice model G-CSF was administrated daily by intraperitoneal injection. Macroscopic evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis of colonic tissues were performed. Results: Re combinant human G-CSF significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression in THP-1 cells. As for in vivo relevance, G-CSF dramatically reduced the weight loss of mice, colonic damage, and mucosal ulceration that characterize TNBS colitis. Moreover, G-CSF suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in TNBS colitis. Conclusion: Current results demonstrate that G-CSF may be an effective agent for the treatment of diseases characterized by mucosal inflammation.