• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2013

This research purports to analyze released items and G4 students' science achievement from TIMSS 2011 according to their academic achievement levels and gender. By doing so, it aims to draw educational implications for Korea from analyses results. Korea showed a lower rate of students at the advanced international benchmark - the highest achievement level - compared to Singapore. The difference was the smallest in Life Science among three content domains and knowing among three cognitive domains. The results of analysis according to gender showed that male students' achievement was significantly higher in Physical Science and Earth Science, and their achievement was also higher in the cognitive domains of Knowing and Applying. From the analysis of the released items, it was revealed that the students' achievement was low in items related to classification of organisms, functions of heart, matters that combust or emit light, and the concept of rotation. Moreover, students drew some illogical conclusions based on their personal experience. Male students were found to show high achievements in items that were not included in curriculum, constructed-response items in the form of short-answer questions, and multiple-choice items in the Knowing domain. Female students were found to show high achievement in items that were included in curriculum, constructed-response items that require reasons and methods, and items that represent experimental situations. Male students showed high achievement in forces concept and movements concept of bodies in the universe, while female students showed high achievement in solubility concept.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2022

In order to minimize the picking time when the products are released from the warehouse, they should be located close to the exit when the products are released. Currently, the warehouse determines the loading location based on the order of the requirement of products, that is, the frequency of arrival and departure. Items with lower requirement ranks are loaded away from the exit, and items with higher requirement ranks are loaded closer from the exit. This is a case in which the delivery time is faster than the products located near the exit, even if the products are loaded far from the exit due to the low requirement ranking. In this case, there is a problem in that the transit time increases when the product is released. In order to solve the problem, we use the idle time of the stocker in the warehouse to rearrange the products according to the order of delivery time. Temporal difference learning method using Q_learning control, which is one of reinforcement learning types, was used when relocating items. The results of rearranging the products using the reinforcement learning method were compared and analyzed with the results of the existing method.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2242-2248
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• 2010

Wide range of methodology of reliability prediction for system exists. For railway field, MIL-HDBK-217F, which has not been revised since early in 1990, is used for reliability prediction if historical data is not available. Since this standard has been published, quality and performance of electronic products have been improved rapidly and various kinds of items have been released, however new versions of items could not be released because the prediction standard could not follow up the speed of the production. Thus, this thesis introduces Telcordia SR-332 Issue 2 and would like to compare and analyze the result from MIL-HDBK-217F together with some cases we performed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.732-742
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• 2006

이 연구는 우리 나라 여학생들에게 취약한 과학 학습의 특징을 파악하고 개선 방향을 제시하기 위한 목적을 가진다. TIMSS 2003 과학 공개 문항 95개를 분석한 결과, 우리 나라 여학생들에게 유리한 문항은 추론과 분석 관련 문항, 아주 어렵거나 아주 쉬운 문항, 이미 학교에서 학습한 문항, 순수 과학적 상황의 문항 등이었다. 우리 나라 여학생들은 개념 이해나 사실적 지식 관련 문항에서 취약했는데, 여학생에게 유리한 추론과 분석 문항 중에서도 과학 지식이 개입될 경우 여학생에게 불리하게 작용했다. 정답율에 있어서도 정답율 80% 이상을 받은 쉬운 문항 또는 정답율이 20% 미만인 어려운 문항에서 여학생들이 상대적으로 유리했다. 한편, 학교 과학 교육의 과정에서 학습하지 않은 내용의 문항에서 남학생에 비해 현저하게 낮은 정답율을 보였는데, 이는 여학생들이 과학에 대한 전반적인 관심과 흥미 부족에서 기인할 수 있다. 또한, 여학생들은 상황적 지식보다는 탈상황적 지식에서 강해 과학에 대한 진정한 의미의 지식을 남학생보다 덜 갖추고 있음도 드러났다. 문항 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 여학생을 배려하는 과학 교육으로 개선되기 위해서 우선 여학생들도 학교 밖에서 이루어지는 일상생활에서 자연스럽게 과학을 경험할 수 있는 분위기를 조성하고, 여학생에게 취약한 과학 개념에 대한 교수-학습 프로그램을 개발해야 하며, 과학 교육에서 의 성 차이 쟁점을 교육 과정 개편이나 교사 교육 과정에 적극적으로 반영해야 할 것을 제안한다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.99-121
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 교육과정 개선을 위한 시사점을 얻고자 국제 학업성취도 평가 연구의 하나인 TIMSS의 추이문항을 분석하였다. TIMSS는 학생들의 성취도 변화 추이를 파악하고 있기 때문에 주기별로 추이문항을 활용한다. TIMSS 2007에 공개된 추이문항의 정답률 분석은 예전 주기와의 성취도 차이를 드러내며, 이것은 교육과정 변화의 결과로 해석해 볼 수 있다. 정답률 분석 결과, 7차 교육과정에서 강조되거나 새롭게 들어간 내용인 공간감각, 비 비례식 백분율, 규칙 찾기, 소수의 계산, 삼각형의 넓이, 각의 개념, 그래프의 질적 해석 등의 정답률이 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이미 7차 교육과정의 개정은 이루어졌지만, 국제적 신임도가 높은 TIMSS의 객관적인 자료로 교육과정의 성과를 검토해 보는 것은 의미 있는 일일 것이다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

released by IEA, 2010, indicated that Korea's GDP, of 8 countries surveyed-Korea, Frans, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the USA, and Australia-was the lowest, but the electric consumption per head was third, following America and Australia. Thus, our government has been striving to reduce energy usage and especially to lessen the energy used in buildings, proposing a variety of road maps such as 'building energy efficiency rating' and 'energy saving design standards of buildings'. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of the items of machine part among EPI items on the energy saving rate. I measured energy usage by ECO2 program, for simulation program, that is used for the building energy efficiency rating. Result showed that items concerning control of pumps and fans had much more saving rate than the ones concerning efficiency of heater and cooler that had bigger scores assigned among EPI items. Result showed that items concerning control of pumps and fans had much more saving rate than the ones concerning efficiency of heater and cooler that had bigger scores assigned among EPI items. Therefore, I think that grades assigned to items in energy performance index need to be corrected.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.203-223
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• 2014

This study proposes a novel context-aware recommender system, which is designed to recommend the items according to the customer's responses to the previously recommended item. In specific, our proposed system predicts the user's emotional state from his or her responses (such as facial expressions and movements) to the previous recommended item, and then it recommends the items that are similar to the previous one when his or her emotional state is estimated as positive. If the customer's emotional state on the previously recommended item is regarded as negative, the system recommends the items that have characteristics opposite to the previous item. Our proposed system consists of two sub modules-(1) emotion prediction module, and (2) responsive recommendation module. Emotion prediction module contains the emotion prediction model that predicts a customer's arousal level-a physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli-using the customer's reaction data including facial expressions and body movements, which can be measured using Microsoft's Kinect Sensor. Responsive recommendation module generates a recommendation list by using the results from the first module-emotion prediction module. If a customer shows a high level of arousal on the previously recommended item, the module recommends the items that are most similar to the previous item. Otherwise, it recommends the items that are most dissimilar to the previous one. In order to validate the performance and usefulness of the proposed recommender system, we conducted empirical validation. In total, 30 undergraduate students participated in the experiment. We used 100 trailers of Korean movies that had been released from 2009 to 2012 as the items for recommendation. For the experiment, we manually constructed Korean movie trailer DB which contains the fields such as release date, genre, director, writer, and actors. In order to check if the recommendation using customers' responses outperforms the recommendation using their demographic information, we compared them. The performance of the recommendation was measured using two metrics-satisfaction and arousal levels. Experimental results showed that the recommendation using customers' responses (i.e. our proposed system) outperformed the recommendation using their demographic information with statistical significance.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2014

Pork belly meat is one of the most preferred food items for many Korean people. The odorants released from cooking of pork belly meat were measured by three kinds of cooking methods (Charcoal-grill (C), Electric Pan (E), and Gas burner-pan (G)). A total of 16 target compounds including carbonyl compounds, volatile organic compounds, and poly aromatic hydrocarbon were selected and analyzed for comparative purposes. Their emission concentrations were quantified using HPLC-UV, GC-MS, GC-TOF-MS, etc. The gas samples collected by Charcoal-grill cooking showed generally enhanced concentrations of most target compounds among all three kinds of cooking methods. In Charcoal-grill, concentration of benzene, formaldehyde and pyrene went up to 543, 516, and 402 ppb, respectively. It the results are compared in terms of the sum of odor intensity, the highest value (4.25) was also seen from Charcoal-grill. The results of this study confirm that the significantly reduced emission of harmful pollutants can be attained, it pork belly meat is cooked by the Gas or electric pan instead of Charcoal-grill.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2006

Release rate is one of the important items for the environmental impact assessment caused by radioactive materials in case of an accidental release from the nuclear facilities. In this study, the uncertainty of the estimated release rate is evaluated using Monte Carlo method. Gaussian plume model and linear programming are used for estimating the release rate of a source material. Tracer experiment is performed at the Yeoung-Kwang nuclear site to understand the dispersion characteristics. The optimized release rate was 1.56 times rather than the released source as a result of the linear programming to minimize the sum of square errors between the observed concentrations of the experiment and the calculated ones using Gaussian plume model. In the mean time, 95% confidence interval of the estimated release rate was from 1.41 to 2.53 times compared with the released rate as a result of the Monte Carlo simulation considering input variations of the Gaussian plume model. We confirm that this kind of the uncertainty evaluation for the source rate can support decision making appropriately in case of the radiological emergencies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 건강보험심사평가원에서 공개한 2015년 4월부터 2018년 4월까지 상급종합병원의 비급여 진료비 자료를 사용하여 비급여 진료비 항목별로 현황 및 평균 비용과 변이가 있는지 파악하는 것이다. 조사대상은 2015년, 2016년, 2017년, 2018년 4월 기준 상급종합병원 44개 기관 중 취소되거나 신규로 지정된 기관은 제외하고 최종 41개 상급종합병원의 비급여 진료비 현황이다. 연구방법은 건강보험심사평가원 정보공개창구에서 공개 자료를 요청한 후 승인을 받아 진행하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성과 연도별 비급여 항목 현황은 빈도분석, 연도별 변이 파악은 변동계수(C.V.)를 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 비급여 진료비 세부항목의 현황을 비교 분석한 결과 비급여 항목의 개수가 2015년에는 총 51개였지만, 2016년 53개, 2017년, 98개로 점점 증가 추세를 보였으며 2018년에는 총 193개 항목으로 급격히 증가하였다. 상급종합병원 비급여 진료비 변이에 따른 항목 표준화를 위해서 정부는 비급여 진료비 표준화를 확대하고 의료기관은 표준화된 비급여 진료비 항목이나 명칭 등을 사용하도록 의무화하여야 한다.