• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The effects of several factors including organic pigment blending and calending conditions on the surface and optical properties of coated paper were investigated. When clay and calcium carbonate are blended in the ratio of 7 to 3, highest smoothness and relative sediment volume were obtained. When organic pigments were added to the mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, the relative sediment volume did not changed significantly. However, when organic pigments were added to calcium carbonate, sheet gloss and smoothness were improved, and showed the better results than that obtained from the mixture of organic pigment and clay. When organic pigment is blended with clay, the particles of organic pigment are buried in the packing structure of coating layer. However, the particle shape of calcium carbonate is quite different from that of clay, and the aspect ratio of calcium carbonate is similar to that of organic pigment. Thus organic pigment particles are not buried and improved effectively the physical characteristics of coating layer. When the hollow sphere pigment was blended, opacity and sheet gloss were improved significantly. Even though the coating color applied was reduced, the similar level of opacity was maintained. Also, if particle size and void volume are increased, gloss is improved, because coating layer is easily transformed in calendering. Therefore, even though lower pressure was applied during calendering, the smoothness of surface of coating layer was improved, and the decrease of void volume in coating layer was reduced, and the quality of coated sheet can be improved.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 신호처리소사이어티 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.489-492
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an iterative mixed norm image restoration algorithm using multi regularization parameters. A functional which combines the regularized l$_2$ norm functional and the regularized l$_4$ functional is proposed. The smoothness of each functional is determined by the regularization parameters. Also, a regularization parameter is used to determine the relative importance between the regularized l$_2$ functional and the regularized l$_4$ functional. An iterative algorithm is utilized for obtaining a solution and its convergence is analyzed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

Let P be a probability measure on the real line with Lebesque-density f. The usual estimator of the distribution function (≡df) of P for the sample $\chi$$_1$,…, $\chi$$\_$n/ is the empirical df: F$\_$n/(t)=(equation omitted). But this estimator does not take into account the smoothness of F, that is, the existence of a density f. Therefore, one should expect that an estimator which is better adapted to this situation beats the empirical df with respect to a reasonable measure of performance.(omitted)

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2B호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2010

본 연구는 국내 9개 하천에서 실측한 자료를 사용하여 하상재료의 입경에 기초한 자갈하천의 조도계수 특성을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 조도계수는 Manning 식을 역산하여 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 유량에 따라 대체로 감소하였으며, 일정한 유량 이상에서는 수렴하는 특성을 나타냈다. 마찬가지로, 상대수심(R/D)이 증가함에 따라 조도계수는 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으며, 실측 자료를 이용하여 적합식을 구한 결과 Limerinos(1970) 식과 매우 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 일정한 유량 이상에서 수렴된 조도계수값은 0.024~0.045의 범위에 있었으며, 이를 기초로 하상재료만을 고려한 조도계수 산정식을 도출하고 기존의 식과 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the finite element (FE) response sensitivity and reliability analyses considering smooth constitutive material models. A reinforced concrete frame is modeled for FE sensitivity analysis followed by direct differentiation method under both static and dynamic load cases. Later, the reliability analysis is performed to predict the seismic behavior of the frame. Displacement sensitivity discontinuities are observed along the pseudo-time axis using non-smooth concrete and reinforcing steel model under quasi-static loading. However, the smooth materials show continuity in response sensitivity at elastic to plastic transition points. The normalized sensitivity results are also used to measure the relative importance of the material parameters on the structural responses. In FE reliability analysis, the influence of smoothness behavior of reinforcing steel is carefully noticed. More efficient and reasonable reliability estimation can be achieved by using smooth material model compare with bilinear material constitutive model.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 제13회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.399-402
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• 2000

In this paper, we present a regularized mixed norm multichannel image restoration algorithm. The problem of multichannel restoration using both within- and between- channel deterministic information is considered. For each channel a functional which combines the least mean squares (LMS), the least mean fourth(LMF), and a smoothing functional is proposed, We introduce a mixed norm parameter that controls the relative contribution between the LMS and the LMF, and a regularization parameter that defines the degree of smoothness of the solution, both updated at each iteration according to the noise characteristics of each channel. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is that no knowledge of the noise distribution for each channel is required, and the parameters mentioned above are adjusted based on the partially restored image.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2006

Magnetocardiography provides non-invasive three-dimensional electroanatomical imaging of cardiac electrophysiology. The aim of this study is to find the index for using the indicator of magnetocardiography. An object of this study is 214 papers registered on www.pubmed.com. The index used in magnetocardiography is the interval, morphology, amplitude and integrals of QRS complex, P wave, T wave. The current density and electric field map are used, too. A new try of the index is LAS, W-HEAD, Relative Smoothness index(RS index) etc.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권11C호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 다중 정규화 매개 변수를 이용한 혼합 norm 영상 복원 방식을 제안한다. 임의의 분포를 갖는 첨가 노이즈를 효율적으로 제거하기 위해 정규화 완화 $l_2$ 함수와 정규화 완화 $l_4$ 함수를 결합한 새로운 혼합 norm 정규화 완화 함수가 유도된다. 각 완화 함수의 완화도를 제어하기 위해 개별적인 정규화 매개 변수가 정의되고, 정규화 완화 $l_2$ 함수와 정규화 완화 $l_4$ 함수의 상대적 기여도를 제어하기 위한 혼합 norm 정규화 매개 변수가 kurtosis를 이용해 정의된다. 안정적인 해를 얻기 위해 반복기법이 사용되었으며, 이들의 수렴 여부가 분석되었다. 다양한 분포를 갖는 첨가 노이즈가 실험에 사용되었으며, 이를 통해서 제안된 방식의 성능을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권2C호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 정규화 혼합 norm을 이용한 다중 채널 영상 복원 기법을 제안한다. 채널 영상 간 및 채널 영상내의 결정론적 정보를 이용한 다중 채널 영상 복원에 관한 문제를 고려한다. 제안 방식에서는 각 채널 영상에 대해 LMS (Least Mean Square) 및 LMF (Least Mean Fourth) 및 완화 함수를 결합시킨 부가 함수가 제안된다. 더불어, LMS 및 LMF의 상대적 기여도를 제한하기 위한 혼합 norm 매개 변수 및 완화 함수의 중요성을 제어하는 정규화 매개 변수는 반복 영상으로부터 예측된 각 채널의 노이즈 분포에 의해 결정되어 진다. 제안된 방식은 각 채널 영상의 첨부 노이즈 형태에 대한 사전 정보 없이 복원 과정이 가능하다는 점과 두 매개 변수를 반복 과정에서 부분적으로 복원된 영상으로부터 조절할 수 있는 특성을 갖고 있다.