• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1986

The prevalence of obesity and its related factors in adolescent girls in Seoul area were investigated from April, 18 to June, 29 1985 bymeans of anthropometry, dietary intakes and general environmental factors. Nine hundred and sixty junior high school girls were selected and invterviewed for 24-hour food intakes. Weight, height, a 우 skinfold thickness(triceps, abdominal) were measured and information on the general backgroun of the subjects were obtained by questinnaire. Subjects were divided into six groups according to their relative weights. It was observed that majority of the parents were under fifty years old and had high school education . In general, father was older and higher in educational levels than mother. Two thirds of subjects lived in their own houses and had three to four siblings. AVerage weight and height of subjects were 46.0kg and 154.4cm, which were higher than Korean natianl average. Average relative weight was 29.75 and average Kaup index was 1.925. Skinfold thickness was 13.4mm fo rtricepts and 16.4mm for abdominal . Prevalence of obesity was 12.9% and 4.8% by criteria of relative weight and skinfold thickness. Average intakes of most of nutrients except iron were acceptable but about one third of the subjects had less than 2/3 of RDa for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin. As a whole, prevalence of obesity in this study was higher than those observed in the past surveys. Relationship of dietary intakes and general environmental factors that seemed to influence the obesity were integrated as such. As parents educational levels were higher, it tended to be higher in living standard and have fewer family members and siblings. These may influence more nutrient intakes so that fatness of the subjects seemed to be greater. In the meantime, parents fatness was closely related to those of children indicating an involvement of genetic factors. And also, food habits of individuals such as frequency of snack and bedtime snack were related to fatness significantly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Investigation was carried out on response of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. and Thonn.) to soil, water and light with the view of its domestication and introduction to different ecological regions. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment of $3{\times}3{\times}3$ in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The factors were: soil textural class (Loamy sand, Sand and Sandy clay loam), watering regime (daily, twice a week and once a week) and light intensity (100%, 75% and 50%). Soil textural classes had significant influence on collar diameter, stem height, number of leaflets, root/shoot ratio and relative growth rate of Tetrapleura seedlings. Seedlings grown on loamy sand recorded the highest mean value- 2.28 mm for collar diameter, stem height- 12.9 cm, number of leaflets- 19.9, chlorophyll b- $0.34mg\;mL^{-1}$, leaf relative water content- 27.4% and relative growth rate- $0.037mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. Watering regime had significant influence on the collar diameter of Tetrapleura. Seedlings watered daily recorded the highest mean value- 2.25 mm for collar diameter. Light intensity significantly influenced collar diameter and root/shoot ratio. Seedlings exposed to 100% light intensity recorded higher mean value for collar diameter- 2.28 mm and root/shoot ratio- 1.481 cm. The interaction between soil textural class and light intensity significantly affected collar diameter, stem height and number of leaflets. Higher mean value for collar diameter (2.47 mm) stem height (13.25 cm) and number of leaflets (21.16) were recorded while the interaction between soil textural class, light intensity and watering regime was significant for only number of leaflets. Tetrapleura exhibited some level of tolerance to different soil texture, drought and light intensity. Therefore, Tetrapleura has the potentials to be raised in different ecological zones characterized by difference in soil, rainfall and amount of sunshine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1987

This study was carried out to examine the influence of shading and root-cutting on the survival and growth of Pinus koraiensis seedlings. 1, The highest survival percentage of seedlings transplanted to transplanting bed appeared at the plot of 19% in shading. The 50% of the seedlings were survived if half of them were root-cutting. 2. Shoot elongation, root growth and diameter increment were the best at the plot of 100% in relative light intensity. However, those were the best at the plot with 1/4 root cutting. 3. The increase of needle fascicle number and the growth of needle surface area per seedling were the longest at the plot of 63% relative light intensity. Among root cutting treatments the 1/4 cutting plot showed the largest growth of needle areas.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-278
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• 2022

Recently, the travel and lodging industries have been suffering from the spread of COVID-19. But Airbnb recovered its profits with a differentiated strategy. This study identified the characteristics of Airbnb and examined their effects on customer's revisit intention in the Airbnb context. Perceived value, trust about Airbnb, and social norms were considered as the key factors of revisit intention. In addition, the effects of relative attractiveness, brand identification, and enjoyment on perceived value and trust about Airbnb were examined. The proposed research model was tested based on 285 consumers who had Airbnb experience more than twice. The analysis results showed that relative attractiveness, brand identification, and enjoyment had a significant influence on perceived value and trust. Perceived value had a significant influence on revisit intention. However, trust about Airbnb and social norms did not significantly affect revisit intention. Moreover, ths analysis results found no significant moderating effect of share of wallet. Based on the results of this study, Airbnb would establish effective marketing and operation strategies by understanding the formation mechanism of consumer's revisit intention toward Airbnb.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.298-305
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• 2021

Identifying the effect of turning characteristics on collision avoidance for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) can provide a key to avoid the collision of MASS. The purpose of this study was to derive a method to identify the effect of turning characteristics, which can be changed by various rudder angles and the ship's speed, on collision avoidance. The turning circle was observed using a mathematical model of a 161-meter-long ship, and it was analyzed that the turning circle had an effect on collision avoidance through numerical simulations of collision avoidance for four collision situations of two ships. The evaluation results using the two variables, the minimum relative distance between two ships and the minimum time at the minimum relative distance, demonstrated that the rudder angle has a major influence on the change of the minimum relative distance, and the ship's speed has a major influence on the change of the minimum time. The evaluation method proposed in this study was expected to be applicable to collision avoidance as a measures in remote control of MASS.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2024

This study investigates the effects of loading frequency (f) and specimen size on the liquefaction resistance of clean sand. A series of cyclic direct simple shear tests were conducted on Jumunjin sand with varying consolidated relative densities (40% and 80%), f values (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 Hz), and diameter to height (D/H) ratios (3.63, 3.18, 2.82, and 2.54). The results demonstrated the significant influence of f and D/H ratio on the number of cycles to liquefaction (N_cyc-liq) and the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR₁₅). It was observed that increasing f linearly increased N_cyc-liq. Increasing the specimen height also led to higher N_cyc-liq values irrespective of the f or relative density. Moreover, a positive correlation between CRR₁₅ and f indicated that higher f yielded higher CRR₁₅. This relationship was more pronounced in dense sand than in loose sand. Specimen height also significantly affected CRR₁₅, with increasing the specimen height resulting in higher CRR₁₅ values. Furthermore, the effect of f on CRR₁₅ was less significant compared to the influence of specimen height. The effect of f on the normalized cyclic resistance ratio (NCRR) was relatively negligible for loose sand but more substantial for dense sand depending on the D/H ratio. Data analysis revealed that the NCRR generally decreases as the D/H ratio increases. An interpolation formula was provided to calculate the NCRR based on the D/H ratio regardless of the f and relative density.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the influence of media on a visitor's satisfaction and re-visit by setting up 5 sorts of exhibition media as text, docent, virtual museum, website and Smartphone App based on practical exchange and communication between a visitor and an exhibition provider. The research results are as follows: First, all these 5 sorts of media suggested by this study were found to be able to have an influence on a visitor's satisfaction and re-visit. Second, it was found that the factors preferentially affecting a visitor's satisfaction and re-visit were 'Docent' and 'Website' factors. Accordingly, it is judged that it's necessary to more preferentially consider 'Docent' and 'Website' factors than the other factors in order to increase a visitor's satisfaction and re-visit. Third, it's possible to interpret that the bigger a visitor's satisfaction, the higher a visitor's intention to re-visit through the verification that a visitor's satisfaction will have a significant influence on a visitor's re-visit. The implication of this study lies in the fact that this study attempted at an integrated approach by analyzing the relative size of the influence through across-the-board suggestion of influential factors on a museum visitor's satisfaction and re-visit.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

An experimental study has been conducted by using the Cyclic Direct Simple Shear apparatus to evaluate the influence of average and cyclic shear stresses on the undrained shear failure behavior of marine silty sand considering various relative densities. The obtained results show that despite using different relative densities, similar trends were gained in the cyclic shear deformation. Moreover, the cyclic shear deformation is affected mainly by the average and cyclic shear stresses. The number of cyclic loads for failure is significantly affected by the cyclic shear stress ratio and relative density, and is less affected by the average shear stress ratio. The proposed three-dimensional stress-dependent failure contour can be used effectively to assess the soil shear strength considering various relative densities in the design of foundation used for offshore structures.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.45-61
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to understand the application of relative location system and minute classification system in the DDC and to identify the effect of the relative location system and minute classification system during the late of 19th century. In order to achieve the objective, four main investigation areas were chosen: relative location system, minute classification system, and DDC influence to other libraries and classification systems. First, DDC applied a relative location system revolutionarily instead of a fixed location system for arranging books on the shelves, so it opened the period of modern library classification systems. Second, it used a minute classification system, and could classify books which had minute subjects. Third, it applied form to a criterion for dividing divisions and sections, so it helped for classifying books. Fourth, it used a numerical decimal system as a classification system, then people could use it economically and practically. Last, DDC influenced modern classification system such as the Expansive Classification and the Subject Classification etc. DDC is a suitable library classification system for the needs of the times, and it is a practical classification system for each library.