• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.125-147
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• 2002

This study is to show the importance of customer and to define the customer's meaning in food industry. According to previous research, a consumer is a very small part of customer. At present and in the future, a customer is not only a consumer but all of interior and exterior environments related to a company. However the scope of customer has been extended eventually. Therefore, it is important for a company to find out and secure the proper customer giving profit. This study considers a relative marketing as a way to impress a customer. It is a useful marketing technology to make profits and company's growth. And to achieve a relative marketing successfully, it is necessary to perceive a fundamental understanding and building an organization for workers. Therefore, this study propose that a company would accomplish followings to continue a quality growth. First, Understanding and confidence about workers. Second, Building the culture of a company's organization impressive to a customer Third, Continuing effort and interest ing about service. In conclusion, a company will accomplish a customer satisfaction successfully through developing a service organization and performing relative marketing.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.36-47
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• 1995

This research was obtained from analyzing how the physiques of the 3rd grade students of high school for males and females and developed for the last eleven years(from 1983 to 1993). By the physiques and nutritional index of physical growth and development, Relative Body Weight of 36.62 exceeded the standard, on the other hand females showed lower records than the standard. Relative Chest Girth Index belonged to the normal type of males and females in all, in the comparison of the records between 1983 and 1993, males increased in average 0.29 and females in average 0.55. Relative Chest Girth Index of females was greater than that of females. By the results of Relative Sitting Height Index, growth of the lower body for males and females was greater than that of males. In case of Vervaeck Index, males increased in average 2.04 but females increased in average 1, 20 relatively less than males. These phenomena provided for the evidence of the deficient nutrition in females. In the regression models of body height and body weight within a certain period, statistical regression model types which best indicated chronological average changes of body height and body weight, took 3rd Order Polynomial Regression Model rather than linear regression model. In females, statistical regression model types which best is suitable for chronological average change of body height and body weight, took 4th and 2nd Order Polynomial Regression Model respectively. The prediction value of 1995 by estimated polynomial regression model anticipated that body height of 3rd grade year students of high school of males in 1993 went on increasing from 170.87cm to 171.79cm in average 0.92cm growth and that of females from 158.99cm to 160.79cm in average 1.80cm growth. In addition, body weight of males seemed to increase from 62.58kg to 64.52kg in average 1.94kg growth and that of females seemed to increase from 54.05kg to 54.19kg in average 0.14kg growth. Linear Regression Model was suitable for the regression model of body weight for body height. Prediction on increase of an average body weight for body height was that, according to growth of body height 1cm in males, body weight increased 1.41kg averagely and that of females 0.86kg. For that reason, we came to conclusion that body weight increase for body height 1cm in males was greater than that in females on average.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to compare soil physical and chemical properties and early growth of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings in harvested Larix kaempferi and Pinus rigida stands. Study stands were located in harvested L. kaempferi (Yeongju) and Pinus rigida (Wonju) plantations. Seedlings of L. kaempferi (1-1) and P. densiflora (1-0) were planted in April, 2008, Yeongju. Also, seedlings of L. kaempferi (1- 1) and P. densiflora (1-1) were planted with the density of 3,000 seedlings/ha in April, 2010, Wonju. We analyzed soil physical and chemical properties and the relative growth rate of seedlings using diameter at root collar and seedling height. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus concentrations in harvested P. rigida stand were significantly higher than those in harvested L. kaempferi stand. The relative growth rate of P. densiflora seedlings with former stands were not significantly different. The relative growth rate of diameter at root collar of L. kaempferi seedling in harvested P. rigida stands were significantly higher than that in harvested L. kaempferi stand. Higher concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in harvested P. rigida stand was probably positively affect to the early growth of seedlings.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.20-28
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• 2003

This study was subjected to compare seasonal changes of survival rate, relative growth rate, and chlorophyll contents of major oak tree species including Quercus acctissima, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus varibilis seedlings grown in Quercus acctissima forest under different light intensities. Three light intensities were 81% of sunlight, 34% of sunlight and 21% of sunlight. In each treatment, 100 tree seedlings were planted and survival rate, growth rate, and chlorophyll contents were measured. The highest survival rate was Quercus acctissima in 73% seedlings compared with those subjected to the other tree seedlings in 45~66%. Lowest survival rate was Quercus vnriabilis seedlings in 41%. Oaks tree species of the height, the root collar diameters of the relative growth were better in the seedlings grown in 81% light intensities of full sun. But growth rates decreased rapidly in the shade treatment of 21% light intensities of full sun. Lowest chlorophyll contents(chlorophyll a, b and total) were shown at 21% light intensities of full sun, lowest light intensity treatment in this study This result is thought growth and chlorophyll contents associated with light intensity Also, Physiological characteristics has to be investigated in near future because photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents were strongly related to tree growth with long periods.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2012

To enhance the proliferation efficiency of Menyanthes trifoliata L. endangered species in Korea, various rhizome cuttings were tested based on cutting length and node numbers. Growth length and increased volume of rhizomes were highest on long cuttings of 10-18cm length. But relative growth length of rhizomes were higher in short cuttings of 2-4cm and medium cutting of 4-10cm length than in long cuttings. Relative increased volume of rhizomes was highest in medium cuttings. The node numbers were not contributed to the efficiency of relative growth of rhizomes. This study suggests that medium length cutting is the best practice for the proliferation of M. trifoliata.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 1973

For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and development of the University students, an intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 2,197 (male: 1,694, female: 503) who passed the written enterance examination at the Korea University in 1972. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical indices, status of visual distourbance and pulmonary infiltration. The findings and results can be summarized as follows. 1. Physical growth: The average of body height by sex were 167.2 cm in male and 156.0cm in female, body weight 59.3kg and 51.9kg, chest-girth 86.7cm and 81.2cm, sitting height 91.7cm and 85.8cm, respectively. 2. Various indices about physical growth & development; Relative body weight by sex were 35.47 and 33.27, relative chest girth 51.85 and 52.05, relative sitting height 54.84 and 55.00, respectively. $R{\ddot{a}}here$ index was 1,269 in males and 1,367 in females, Kaup index 2,121 and 2,133, Verveck index 87.32 and 85.32, respectively. 3. Status of visual distaurbance: The vision of the students under 0.9 with Han's testing chart was 52.83% and 55.27% in left eye and 53.60% and 54.87% in right eye, respectively. 4. Pulmonary infiltration Among the total 58 students were diagncsed as pulmonary infiltration (tuberculosis), of whom 43 were minimal case, 12 were moderately advanced cases and 3 were far advanced cases.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1181-1192
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary hatchery by-products (HBPs) as a replacement of fish meal (FM) on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, meat quality, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 720 broiler chickens (3 d of age) were randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments with 8 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 5 male and 5 female birds. The basal diet was formulated to contain 5.0% commercial FM, whereas eight treatment diets were prepared by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of FM in the basal diet with infertile eggs (IFE) or a mixture of various HBPs (MIX); therefore, the inclusion levels of IFE or MIX in the experimental diets were 1.25%, 2.50%, 3.75%, or 5.00%. The diets and water were provided on an ad libitum basis for 32 d. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of IFE as a replacement of FM in diets had no effects on growth performance, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) meat lightness (L^*) but decreased (linear, p<0.05) meat redness (a^*). The breast meat pH at 1-h postmortem was increased (linear, p<0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets. Likewise, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets had no effects on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics. However, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) 1-h postmortem pH but decreased (linear, p<0.05) 24-h postmortem pH of breast meat. Increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets decreased (linear, p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast meat. Conclusion: Both IFE and MIX are suitable alternatives to FM as protein ingredients in broiler diets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 1996

The effect of relative humidity in swine house on swin pleuropneumonia was examined in piglets experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5. A total of 20 piglet were grown under 30~40%, 41~50%, 51~64% and 65~80% relative humidity chambers after intratracheal inoculation of A pleuropneumoniae. Characteristic fibrinous pleuropneumonia was observed in the pigs grown at the low relative humidity groups. The detailed results were as follows : 1. Growth performance and environment conditions were lower than high relative humidity groups. 2. Characteristic histopathological findings were fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia accompanied congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis and edematous change. 3. Antigenic distribution of inoculated bacterium was found mainly in alveolar macrophages or accumulated foci of macrophages adjacent to necrotic area. 4. Characteristic electron microscopic findings were proliferation of type II pneumocyte with increased lamella bodies and activated alveolar macrophages with pseudopods and widening of interstitium.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.65-86
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• 2000

Rare earth-doped ceria powders with a composition of Ce0.8R0.2O1.9(R=Yb, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La) were prepared by heating the oxalate coprecipitate. The green compacts began to shrink at 600$^{\circ}$-700$^{\circ}C$. The relative density after the sintering at 1200$^{\circ}$ and 1400$^{\circ}C$ became higher for the higher green density. The samples were densified above 98% relative density by the sintering ant 1600$^{\circ}C$ for 4 h and the grain sizes (4.7-7.6$\mu\textrm{m}$) showed a tendency to become larger with increasing ionic radius of doped-rare earth element. In the intial stag of sintering at 700$^{\circ}$-800$^{\circ}C$, the dominant mass transport process changed from lattice diffusion to grain boundary diffusion to grain boundary diffusion with heating time. The porosity during the intermediated and final stage of the sintering at 1200$^{\circ}$ and 1400$^{\circ}C$ decreased by the mass transport through lattice diffusion with grain growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare the relative growth of annual ring width of red pine(Pinus densiflora), black pine(Pinus thunbergii) and pitch pine(Pinus rigida) by means of multiple regression method according to Graybill hypothesis. The obtained results are as follows. 1. The changes of rainfall have affected to tree growth during the periods of 1975 through 1978. 2. Among these pine trees, red pine was mostly influenced by environmental factors. 3. The growth of annual ring width was sensitively responded to the changes of rainfall and air temperature. 4. Among the heavy metals analyzed, the concentrations(ppm) of Lead(Pb) and Copper(Cu) were negatively effected on the growth of annual ring width of pine trees. 5. The analytical technique of annual ring width may be useful for estimation of the pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.