• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.609-625
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• 2015

Management of infrastructure stock is essential in sustainability of society, and its analysis and optimization are studied in the light of control system modeling in this paper. At the first part of the paper, cost of stock management is analyzed based on macroscopic statistics on infrastructure stock and economical growth. Stock management burden relative to economy is observed to become larger at low economic growth periods in developed economies. Then, control system modeling of stock management is introduced and by augmenting maintenance actions as control input, dynamic behavior of stock is simulated and compared with existing time history statistics. Assuming steady state conditions, applicability of the model to cross sectional data is also demonstrated. The proposed model is enhanced so that both preventive and corrective maintenance can be included as system inputs, i.e., feedforward and feedback control inputs. Optimal management strategy to achieve specified deteriorated stock level with minimal cost, expressed in terms of preventive and corrective maintenance actions, is derived based on estimated parameter values for corrosion of steel bridges. Relative cost effectiveness of preventive maintenance is shown when target deteriorated stock level is lower.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Feeding is an important aspect of insect nutrition which in turn supports growth, development, reproduction and survival. The impact of quantitative feeding on nutritional parameters of fifth instar Antheraea mylitta larvae was studied by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day. All the parameters improved upon providing fresh diets more times over the single diet (1FD). The absolute body weight increased with increase in number of feeds/day significantly (P<0.001). While the maximum weight recorded was 29.61 g in 1FD, the respective weights for two feeds/day (2FD), three feeds/day (3FD) and four feeds/day (4FD) were 39.41 g, 40.63 g and 42.66 g respectively. Feeding period and instar duration were declined (P<0.001) and survival increased significantly (P<0.001) upon increase in the number of diets. Nutritional indices like ingestion, digestion, relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and gain in body weight increased significantly with the increase in number of feeds/day, but approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) declined, while efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.22 no.1 s.35
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• pp.23-26
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• 2006

Morphological differences were studied using the analysis of variance between various partial length and shell length of three populations of Saxidomus purpuratus on the Korean waters. The Relative growth equations, that is, SH-SL, SW-SL, TW-SL of S. purpuratus by sex were estimated. The analysis of variance of four morphological characters proved that each population has no sexual differences (p>0.01). But the three populations are significantly different in morphological characters (p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to understand differences among three half-sib families of Betula schmidtii seedlings in the effect of three Cd levels on growth and photosynthesis. One-year-old seedlings of B. schmidtii were treated with 0, 0.4 and 0.8 mM CdSO$_4$ㆍ8/3$H_2O$ for two months. Growth and physiological responses to Cd treatment levels of three families determined using dry weight, relative height growth rate(RHGR), apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency. The B. schmidtii seedlings exposed to 0.4 and 0.8 mM Cd showed statisticall significant decrease in dry weight and RHGR relative to controls. In addition, the growth inhibition of B. schmidtii seedlings was accompanied by a significant decrease in net photosynthesis measured as $CO_2$ assimilation. Apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency were also affected by Cd treatment, undergoing a significant and progressive reduction with increasing Cd concentrations in all families. We also found significant difference among three families of B. schmidtii in growth, biomass and photosynthesis when exposed to Cd stress. Therefore the present study showed that the difference in Cd tolerance among families might be attributed to genetic factor in response to Cd stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

The effects of high carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at $25^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at $30^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2013

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of spent medium recycle on Spodoptera exigua Se301 cell line proliferation, metabolism, and baculovirus production when grown in batch suspension cultures in Ex-Cell 420 serum-free medium. The results showed that the recycle of 20% of spent medium from a culture in mid-exponential growth phase improved growth relative to a control culture grown in fresh medium. Although both glucose and glutamine were still present at the end of the growth phase, glutamate was always completely exhausted. The pattern of the specific glucose and lactate consumption and production rates, as well as the specific glutamine and glutamate consumption rates, suggests a metabolic shift at spent medium recycle values of over 60%, with a decrease in the efficiency of glucose utilization and an increase in glutamate consumption to fuel energy metabolism. Baculovirus infection provoked a change in the metabolic pattern of Se301 cells, although a beneficial effect of spent medium recycle was also observed. Both growth rate and maximum viable cell density decreased relative to uninfected cultures. The efficiency of glucose utilization was dramatically reduced in those cultures containing the lowest percentages of spent medium, whereas glutamine and glutamate consumption was modulated, thereby suggesting that infected cells were devoted to virus replication, retaining their ability to incorporate the nutrients required to support viral replication. Recycle of 20% of spent medium increased baculovirus production by around 90%, thus showing the link between cell growth and baculovirus production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2023

Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1988

Experiments were carried out to examine early life history, growth and gonadal development of triploid rainbow trout to evaluate their suitability for commercial aquaculture. A high degree ($96.5\%$) of triploid fish was induced when the fertilized eggs were treated with heat shock. Mean embryonic development time of triploids was slightly shorter than diploids and survival rate of triploid at swim-up was $80.2\%$ relative to control. Erythrocytes and their nuclei of triploid were larger in both axes than those of diploid. Triploid rainbow trout showed improved growth relative of diploid after 1 year of age. Histological analysis of the gonads revealed sterility in triploid fish.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 1976

To elucidate ${\beta}$-glucosidase formation on various carbon scurces by cellulolytic bact-eia, Cellulomonas sp. CS1-1, the strain was grown on Nutrient Yeast Broth, carboxymethyl cellulose, avicel and cellobiose using a Ouickfit FVIL fermentor operated in batch, and the growth characteristics on those substrates and ${\beta}$-glucosidase distribution of extra and intracellular enzyme components were studied. The results were: 1) ${\beta}$-glucosidase was always intracellular, and was formed under all growth conditions tested, ii) but levels of relative activities were higher when the culture was grown on cellobiose and on avicel, iii) the relative activities were always maximum during the growth phase of the organism irrespective of the substrate used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

This study was carried out to cultivate evergreen-leaved tree container seedlings having low cost of equipment and easy to control. Two species of V. odoratissimum var. awabuki and Q. glauca planting in respective underground container were showed survival rate above 90%. The Relative growth rates of height was good in non-treatment and root collar diameter was no significant difference between treatments. The T/R ratio was respectively 1.1, 1.0 in container type of F, G. and root's biomass products was more effective than others. A container type of F showed better Quailty index than others with 16.2 values. Q. glauca was higher T/R ratio in root development than shoot and the quality index was high in container type of E, D with 4.0. 3.5, respectively. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, we can concluded that the underground container type was suitable to F in V. odoratissimum var. awabuki and to D or E in Q. glauca.